1、Designation: D5983 17Standard Specification forMethyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether (MTBE) for DownstreamBlending for Use in Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5983; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption
2、 or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers requirements for fuel grademethyl tertiary-butyl
3、ether utilized in commerce, terminalblending, or downstream blending with fuels for spark-ignitionengines. Other MTBE grades may be available for blendingthat are not covered by this specification.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are incl
4、uded in thisstandard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization
5、 TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-leum Products by Copper Strip TestD156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products(Saybolt Chromometer Method)D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fue
6、ls by Jet Evapo-rationD1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or APIGravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-ucts by Hydrometer MethodD4045 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byHydrogenolysis and Rateometric ColorimetryD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, a
7、nd APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4176 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contami-nation in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Procedures)D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Prod
8、uctsD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition EngineFuelD4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline andGasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)D5441 Test Method for Analysis of Methyl Tert-Butyl Eth
9、er(MTBE) by Gas ChromatographyD5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samplesof Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD7757 Test Method for Silicon in Gasoline and RelatedProducts by Monochromatic Wavelength DispersiveX-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD7923 Test Method for Water in Ethanol and Hydro
10、carbonBlends by Karl Fischer TitrationE203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl FischerTitrationE300 Practice for Sampling Industrial ChemicalsE1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulo-metric Karl Fischer Titration3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 methanol, nthe chemical compo
11、und CH3OH.3.1.2 methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE), nthe chemicalcompound (CH3)3COCH3C5H12O.3.1.3 oxygenate, nan oxygen-containing ashless, organiccompound, such as an alcohol or ether, which may be used asa fuel or fuel supplement.4. Performance Requirements4.1 Methyl tertiary-butyl ether utilized
12、in commerce, termi-nal blending, or downstream blending with fuels for groundvehicles equipped with spark-ignition engines shall conform tothe requirements of Table 1.NOTE 1Individual applications may require a more restrictive sulfurlimit. These requirements are to be negotiated between buyer and s
13、eller.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.A0.02 on Oxygenated Fuels and Components.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017. Published October 2017. Originallyapproved
14、in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D5983 15. DOI:10.1520/D5983-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary pag
15、e onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on
16、 standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.15. Workmanship5.1 At the point of custody transfer, the MTBE shall bevisually free
17、of undissolved water, sediment, suspended orundissolved matter. It shall be clear and bright at the fueltemperature at the point of custody transfer or at a lowertemperature agreed upon by the purchaser and seller.NOTE 2Fuel components should be resistant to phase separation orundissolved matter at
18、the lowest temperatures to which it is likely to besubjected, dependent on the time and place of its intended use. SeeSpecification D4814, Table X7.1 for guidance.NOTE 3Solubility is temperature dependent. As this fuel componentcools, water and some high molecular weight additives can becomeinsolubl
19、e.5.2 The specification defines only a basic purity for thisproduct. The product shall be free of any adulterant orcontaminant that can render the material unacceptable for itscommonly used applications.5.3 Manufacturers and importers of MTBE shall avoidcontamination by silicon-containing materials.
20、 Silicon con-tamination of gasoline-oxygenate blends has led to fouledvehicle components (for example, spark plugs, exhaust oxygensensors, catalytic converters) requiring parts replacement andrepairs. Test Method D7757 is a procedure for determiningsilicon that might be applicable to MTBE. Additiona
21、l studieswill be needed to include MTBE into the scope of Test MethodD7757. No specification limits have been established forsilicon.6. Sampling, Containers, and Sample Handling6.1 The user is strongly advised to review all intended testmethods prior to sampling in order to understand the impor-tanc
22、e and effects of sampling technique, proper containers, andspecial handling required for each test method.6.2 Correct sampling procedures are critical to obtain asample representative of the lot intended to be tested. Useappropriate procedures in Practice D4057 or Practice E300 formanual method samp
23、ling and in Practice D4177 for automaticmethod sampling as applicable.6.3 The correct sample volume and appropriate containerselection are important decisions that can impact test results.Refer to Practice D4306 for aviation fuel container selectionfor tests sensitive to trace contamination. Refer t
24、o PracticeD5854 for procedures on container selection and samplemixing and handling. Where practical, MTBE should besampled in glass containers. If samples must be collected inmetal containers, do not use soldered metal containers. This isbecause the soldering flux in the containers and the lead in
25、thesolder can contaminate the samples. Plastic containers shouldbe avoided.6.4 Sample SizeAminimum of about 2 Lis recommended.6.5 Lot SizeA lot shall normally consist of the amountcontained in a tanker compartment or other bulk container inwhich it is delivered. If this definition does not apply, th
26、edefinition of a lot must be agreed upon between the supplierand purchaser.7. Test Methods7.1 The scope of some of the test methods specified belowdo not include MTBE. The precision of those test methods maydiffer from the reported precisions when testing MTBE.7.2 AppearanceTest Method D4176, Proced
27、ure 1.7.3 SulfurTest Method D4045 (see Note 4).7.4 Solvent-Washed Gum ContentTest Method D381, air-jet apparatus.7.5 MTBE, % by mass Test Method D5441.7.6 Methanol, % by mass Test Method D5441.7.7 API Gravity at 15.6 CPractice D1298.7.8 Density at 15 CPractice D1298 or Test MethodD4052.7.9 Copper St
28、rip CorrosionTest Method D130,3hat50 C.7.10 Water ContentTest Methods D7923, E203,orE1064.7.11 Vapor PressureTest Method D4953.7.12 Color, SayboltTest Method D156.NOTE 4Test Method D4045 may require dilution of the sample witha sulfur-free diluent.8. Keywords8.1 automotive spark-ignition engine fuel
29、; blending; corro-sion; impurities; methanol; methyl tertiary-butyl ether; oxy-genate; water contentTABLE 1 Performance RequirementsProperty LimitsAppearance Clear and brightColor, Saybolt, min + 5Sulfur, mg/kg, max 300Solvent-washed gum content, mg/100 mL, max 5.0Copper strip corrosion, max 1MTBE,
30、% by mass, min 95.0Methanol, % by mass, max 0.5Vapor pressure, kPa, max 62Water, % by mass, max 0.10API gravity at 15.6 C or density at 15 C, kg/L ReportD5983 172APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. SIGNIFICANCE OF ASTM SPECIFICATION FOR MTBE FOR DOWNSTREAM BLENDING FOR USE IN AUTOMOTIVESPARK-IGNIT
31、ION ENGINE FUELX1.1 GeneralX1.1.1 Methyl tertiary-butyl ether may be used as a blend-ing component for automotive spark-ignition engine fuel tomeet the oxygenate content requirements or improve theantiknock quality, or both, of certain types of fuels. MTBEpurchased under this specification will assi
32、st terminal ordownstream blenders in the use of MTBE as a blendingcomponent.X1.1.2 The composition of unleaded fuel is subject to therules, regulations, and Clean Air Act waivers of the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The use of oxygen-ates in blends with unleaded gasoline is described un
33、derSection 211(f) (1) of the Clean Air Act. The performancerequirements of this specification were established to helpensure that the addition (in appropriate amounts) of MTBE asdescribed in this specification would not be detrimental to theproperties of the fuel blend.X1.2 AppearanceX1.2.1 Methyl t
34、ertiary-butyl ether as covered by this speci-fication is a relatively pure material. Suspended materials,sediments, or contaminants in the MTBE which cause a cloudyor colored appearance may adversely affect the performance ofthe finished fuel blend in automotive spark-ignition engines.Also, a cloudy
35、 or colored appearance may indicate excessivewater or contamination by materials not directly measuredunder this specification.X1.2.1.1 Fuel components can encounter conditions in thebulk distribution system that could cause the material to fail aworkmanship visual evaluation. Some fuel components c
36、ancontain water, dirt, or rust particles during distribution. Termi-nals or bulk plants can address these issues with properoperating procedures, for example, by allowing sufficient timefor the free water, dirt, or particles to settle in a tank, byfiltration or by other means.X1.2.1.2 Turbidity, pha
37、se separation, or evidence of precipi-tation normally indicate contamination.X1.3 SulfurX1.3.1 Sulfur and sulfur-containing compounds contributeto engine wear, deterioration of engine oil, exhaust catalystdeactivation, and corrosion of exhaust system parts in spark-ignition engine systems. The limit
38、 on sulfur is included toensure that the finished blend of fuel is not detrimental to thesesystems.X1.4 Solvent-Washed Gum ContentX1.4.1 The test for solvent-washed gum content measuresthe amount of residue after evaporation of the fuel componentand following a heptane wash. The heptane wash removes
39、 theheptane-soluble, nonvolatile material such as additives, carrieroils used with additives, and diesel fuels. Solvent-washed gumconsists of fuel-insoluble gum and fuel-soluble gum. Thefuel-insoluble portion can clog fuel filters. Both can bedeposited on surfaces when the fuel evaporates. The solve
40、nt-washed gum content test may also indicate contamination ofthe methyl tertiary-butyl ether during shipping and storage.The limit is included to ensure that finished blends of gasolinedo not contain excess solvent-washed gum and handlingcontamination is minimized.X1.4.2 Solvent-washed gum can contr
41、ibute to deposits onthe surfaces of carburetors, fuel injectors, and intakemanifolds, ports, valves, and valve guides. The impact ofsolvent-washed gum on malfunctions of modern engines is notwell established, and the current limit has been assumed fromthe historic gasoline limit rather than from any
42、 recent correla-tive work. It depends on where the deposits form, the presenceof other deposit precursors such as airborne debris, blowby andexhaust gas, recirculation gases, and oxidized engine oil, andthe amount of deposits.X1.4.3 Because the precision statements for Test MethodD381 were developed
43、 using only data on hydrocarbons, theymay not be applicable to MTBE.X1.5 Copper Strip CorrosionX1.5.1 Fuels must pass the copper strip corrosion test tominimize corrosion in fuel systems due to sulfur compounds inthe fuel. This limit is included to ensure that the methyltertiary-butyl ether does not
44、 contribute to copper corrosion.X1.6 Methyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether PurityX1.6.1 The methyl tertiary-butyl ether minimum puritylevel limits the quantities of contaminants. Some organiccompounds other than MTBE may adversely affect the prop-erties of finished fuel blends.X1.7 Methanol ContentX1.7.1 Meth
45、anol is one of the reactants in the production ofMTBE and is a potential contaminant. Methanol contributes tovapor pressure increase and poorer water tolerance of finishedfuel blends. The U.S. EPA substantially similar rule limits themethanol content of unleaded fuels. Therefore, it is necessaryto l
46、imit the methanol content of MTBE.X1.8 Water ContentX1.8.1 Blends of MTBE and hydrocarbon gasoline have alimited solvency for water. This solvency will vary with thechemical composition, temperature, and MTBE content of thefuel. Excess water (which may be soluble in the MTBE) maynot be soluble in th
47、e gasoline-MTBE blend and could result ina hazy fuel that does not meet the clear and bright requirementof Specification D4814. The water content of MTBE used forD5983 173blending with hydrocarbon gasoline is limited to reduce therisk of haze formation.X1.8.2 MTBE is not specifically included in the
48、 scope ofTest Method D7923. However, Test Method E203, anotherKarl Fischer titration procedure included in this specification,outlines an exhaustive list of organic and inorganic chemicalsthat are commonly tested using Karl Fischer titration, includingethers. It is expected that Test Method D7923 ca
49、n determinewater directly in the types of compounds listed in subsection4.4 of Test Method E203.X1.9 Vapor PressureX1.9.1 The vapor pressure of a finished fuel blend must behigh enough to ensure ease of engine starting. Excessive vaporpressure, however, may contribute to vapor lock or highevaporative emissions and running losses.X1.9.2 The vapor pressure of MTBE is controlled to pre-vent adversely affecting the vapor pressure of the finishedblend. A vapor pressure in excess of the value specified inSection 4 may indicate contamination by a light hydrocar
