1、Designation: D 6024 02Standard Test Method forBall Drop on Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM) toDetermine Suitability for Load Application1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6024; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in t
2、he case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope *1.1 This specification explains the determination of theability of Controlled Low Stre
3、ngth Material (CLSM) to with-stand loading by repeatedly dropping a metal weight onto thein-place material.1.2 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digits and rounding established inPractice D 6026.1.2.1 The method used to specify how data are collected,c
4、alculated, or recorded in this test method is not directly relatedto the accuracy to which the data can be applied in design orother uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained usingthis standard is beyond its scope.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The inc
5、h-pound equivalents are shown for informa-tion only.1.4 CLSM is also known as flowable fill, controlled densityfill, soil-cement slurry, soil-cement grout, unshrinkable fill,“K-Krete,” and other similar names.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated
6、 with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and ConcreteAggregates2D
7、653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluids3D 3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in the Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rockas used in the Engineering Design and Construction3D 4832 Test Method for Preparation and Testing of Con-trolled Low Strength Mate
8、rial (CLSM) Test Cylinders3D 6023 Test Method for Unit Weight, Yield, and Air Con-tent (Gravimetric) of Controlled Low Strength Material(CLSM)4D 6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechni-cal Data4D 6103 Test Method for Flow Consistency of ControlledLow Strength Material (CLSM)33. Termi
9、nology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms in this test method,refer to Terminology C 125 and D 653.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM), namixture of soil or aggregates, cementitious material, fly ash,water and sometimes chemical admixt
10、ures, that hardens into amaterial with a higher strength than the soil, but less than 8400kPa (1200 psi).3.2.1.1 DiscussionUsed as a replacement for compactedbackfill, CLSM can be placed as a slurry, a mortar, or acompacted material and typically has strengths of 350 to 700kPa (50 to 100 psi) for mo
11、st applications.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A standard cylindrical weight is dropped five times froma specific height onto the surface of in-place CLSM. Thediameter of the resulting indentation is measured and comparedto established criteria. The indentation is inspected for any freewater brought t
12、o the surface from the impact.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is used primarily as a field test todetermine the readiness of the CLSM to accept loads prior toadding a temporary or permanent wearing surface.5.2 This test method is not meant to predict the load bearingstrength of a CLSM mi
13、xture.5.3 This test is one of a series of quality control tests thatcan be performed on CLSM during construction to monitorcompliance with specification requirements. The other teststhat can be used during construction control are Test MethodsD 4832, D 6023, and D 6103.NOTE 1The quality of the resul
14、t produced by this standard is1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.15 on Stabilization withAdmixtures.Current edition approved July 10, 2002. Published September 2002. Originallypublished as PS 31 95. L
15、ast previous edition D 6024 96.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.09.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Consh
16、ohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and thesuitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet thecriteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competentand objective testing/sampling/inspection/and the
17、like. Users of thisstandard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not initself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors;Practice D 3470 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.6. Apparatus6.1 Ball-drop Apparatusa cylinder with a hemisphericallys
18、haped bottom and handle with a mass of 14 + 0.05 kg(30 + 0.1 lb), and a stirrup or frame to guide the handle (Fig. 1).6.1.1 WeightThe cylindrical weight (ball) shall be ap-proximately 15 cm (6 in.) in diameter and 12 cm (458 in.) inheight, with the top surface at right angles to the axis and thebott
19、om in the form of a hemisphere of 75 mm (3 in.) radius.The cylindrical weight may be machined from metal stock orcast or spun provided the dimensions and weight with thehandle meet requirements, and the finish is smooth.6.1.2 HandleThe handle shall be a metal rod, 13 mm (12in.) in diameter. The hand
20、le may be T-shaped or a closedrectangle at the top to permit grasping by the hand.6.1.3 StirrupThe stirrup shall be at least 38 mm (112 in.)in width. The stirrup frame is attached securely to blockselevating it 9 cm (312 in.).6.1.4 Blockspieces of wood, or ultra high molecularweight plastic (UHMW) t
21、hat are 9 cm (312 in.) high are usedto elevate the stirrups to the proper height. The stirrups must becentered on the blocks to avoid tipping, and attached securelyto the stirrups so shifting does not occur. The blocks shall beparallel to each other and perpendicular to the main stirrupframe. The bl
22、ocks must not interfere with the ball-dropapparatus. Each block shall have the minimum dimension of9-cm (312 in.) wide by 18-cm (7-in.) long with a minimumbearing area of 155 cm2(24 in2).6.2 Measuring Devicecapable of measuring the diameterof the indentation. It must be capable of measuring a minimu
23、mof3mm(18 in.).7. Procedure7.1 The surface of the CLSM will need to be as level aspossible either by self-leveling or by slight brooming actionwith hand tools. Set the elevated base of the apparatus on theleveled CLSM surface, with the handle in a vertical positionand free to slide through the frame
24、. Put slight pressure on theframe with your free hand to stabilize the device. Lift thehandle as far as possible allowing the top surface of the ball tocontact the underside of the stirrup frame. Release the weightallowing it to free fall to the surface of the CLSM. Repeat thisfor a total of five ti
25、mes at each location tested. Before testinga new location of the in-place CLSM remove any material thathas adhered to the ball from previous testing.7.2 Measure the diameter of the indentation left by the ballwith a measuring device (Note 2). If the diameter of indenta-tion is 76 mm (#3 in.) then th
26、e CLSM is suitable for the loadapplication. If the diameter of indentation is 76 mm (3 in.)then the CLSM is unsuitable or not ready for load application.NOTE 2It has been shown under limited use that an indentation of#75 mm (3 in.) is suitable for normal load application.7.3 Inspect the indentation
27、for visible surface water or sheenbrought to the surface by the dropping action of the ball. Thesurface should look similar to that before the test with theexception of an indentation. The presence of surface waterindicates that the CLSM is unsuitable or not ready for loadapplication.8. Report8.1 Re
28、port the following:8.1.1 Project Identification,8.1.2 Location of test,8.1.3 Identification of individual performing the testmethod, and8.1.4 Date test is performed.8.2 Report the following information:8.2.1 Visible surface water or sheen brought to the surfaceby the dropping action,8.2.2 Irregulari
29、ties on the surface of the in place CLSM suchas indentations left by the blocks or severe cracking, and8.2.3 Diameter of indentation to nearest 3 mm (18 in.).9. Precision and Bias9.1 PrecisionTest data on precision is not presented dueto the nature of this test method. It is either not feasible or t
30、ooMetric Equivalentsin. mm in. mm18 3.2 458 11712 13 512 14058 16 558 1431 25 9 228112 38 12 305376FIG. 1 Ball-drop ApparatusD6024022costly at this time to have ten or more agencies participate inan in situ testing program at a given site.9.1.1 The Subcommittee D18.15 is seeking any data fromusers o
31、f the test method that might be used to make a limitedstatement on precision.9.2 BiasThere is no accepted reference value for this testmethod, therefore, bias cannot be determined.10. Keywords10.1 backfill; ball drop apparatus; bearing; CLSM; con-struction control; early load; flowable fill; mix des
32、ign; qualitycontrol; soil stabilization; surface water; wearing surfaceSUMMARY OF CHANGESIn accordance with Committee D18 policy, this section identifies the location of changes to this test methodsince the last edition (1996) that may impact the use of this standard.(1) Sections 1.2 and 1.2.1 were
33、added in accordance with D18policy and the subsequent sections renumbered.(2) C 360 was removed and Practice D 6026 was added to thelist of Referenced Documents.(3) The designation “PS 28” was updated to Test MethodD 6103 in Sections 2 and 5.3(4) Section 3 was revised to comply with D18 policy.(5) N
34、ote 1 was revised to comply with the current wordingaccording to D18 policy.(6) Section 9, was revised to comply with suggested wordingfound in the D18 Standards Preparation Manual.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item
35、mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical commit
36、tee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a mee
37、ting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,
38、PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D6024023
