1、Designation: D 6032 08Standard Test Method forDetermining Rock Quality Designation (RQD) of Rock Core1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6032; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revi
2、sion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the rockquality designation (RQD) as a standard parameter in drill corelogging.1.
3、2 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digits and rounding established inPractice D 6026.1.2.1 The method used to specify how data are collected,calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related tothe accuracy to which the data can be appli
4、ed in design or otheruses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using thisstandard is beyond its scope.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-tion only
5、 and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitat
6、ions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD2113 Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling ofRock for Site InvestigationD 3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil
7、and Rock asUsed in Engineering Design and ConstructionD 5079 Practices for Preserving and Transporting RockCore SamplesD 6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechni-cal DataE 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1
8、For terminology used in this test method, refer toTerminology D 653.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 core runin the most basic usage, the length of theinterval measured from the depth each core sample was startedto the depth at which drilling stopped and the sample wasrecover
9、ed from the core barrel. If required, the core run canalso be defined to cover a specific length or lithology in thecore samples.3.2.2 drill breakany mechanical or man-made break inthe core that is not natural occurring.3.2.3 intact coreany segment of core between two open,natural discontinuities.3.
10、2.4 rock quality designation (RQD)a modified corerecovery percentage in which all pieces of sound core over 100mm are counted as recovery.3.2.5 sound coreany core which is fresh to moderatelyweathered and which has sufficient strength to resist handbreakage.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The RQD denot
11、es the percentage of intact and soundrock retrieved from a borehole of any orientation. All pieces ofintact and sound rock core equal to or greater than 100 mm (4in.) long are summed and divided by the total length of the corerun, as shown in Fig. 1. Rock mechanics judgement may benecessary to deter
12、mine if a piece of core qualifies as beingintact and sound.5. Significance and Use5.1 The RQD was first introduced in the mid 1960s toprovide a simple and inexpensive general indication of rockmass quality to predict tunnelling conditions and supportrequirements. The recording of RQD has since becom
13、e virtu-ally standard practice in drill core logging for a wide variety ofgeotechnical investigations.5.2 The RQD values provide a basis for making preliminarydesign decisions involving estimation of required depths ofexcavation for foundations of structures. The RQD values alsocan serve to identify
14、 potential problems related to bearing1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.12 on Rock Mechanics.Current edition approved July 1, 2008. Published July 2008. Originally approvedin 1996. Last previous editi
15、on approved in 2006 as D 6032 02 (2006).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Change
16、s section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.capacity, settlement, erosion, or sliding in rock foundations.The RQD can provide an indication of rock quality in quarriesfor concrete aggr
17、egate, rockfill, or large riprap.5.3 The RQD has been widely used as a warning indicatorof low-quality rock zones that may need greater scrutiny orrequire additional borings or other investigational work.5.4 The RQD is a basic component of many rock massclassification systems for engineering purpose
18、s.5.5 Used alone, RQD is not sufficient to provide an adequatedescription of rock mass quality. The RQD does not accountfor joint orientation, tightness, continuity, and gouge material.The RQD must be used in combination with other geologicaland geotechnical input.5.6 The RQD is sensitive to the ori
19、entation of joint sets withrespect to the orientation of the core. That is, a joint set parallelto the core axis will not intersect the core, unless the drill holehappens to run along the joint. A joint set perpendicular to thecore axis will intersect the core axis at intervals equal to thejoint spa
20、cing. For intermediate orientations, the spacing of jointintersections with the core will be a cosine function of anglebetween joints and the core axis.5.7 Core sizes from BQ to PQ with core diameters of 36.5mm (1.44 in.) and 85 mm (3.35 in.), respectively, are normallyacceptable for measuring RQD a
21、s long as proper drillingtechniques are used that do not cause excess core breakage orpoor recovery, or both. The NX-size (54.7 mm 2.16 in.) andNQ-size (47.5 mm 1.87 in.) are the optimal core sizes formeasuring RQD. The RQD is also useful for large corediameters provided the core diameter is clearly
22、 stated. TheRQD calculated for core smaller than BQ may not be repre-sentative of the true quality of the rock mass.NOTE 1The quality of the result produced by this standard isdependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and thesuitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencie
23、s that meet thecriteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competentand objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard arecautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assurereliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice
24、 D 3740provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.6. Procedure6.1 Drilling of the rock core should be done in accordancewith Practice D2113. It is important that proper drillingtechniques and equipment are used to minimize core breakageor poor core recovery, or both.6.2 There are several w
25、ays to define a core run for calcu-lating RQD. Three of these are: (1) a core run is equal to a drillrun; (2) a change in formation or rock type could constitute anend of a core run; and (3) a core run can be a selected zone ofconcern. In determining a core run it is important to beconsistent throug
26、hout a drill hole and to document how thecore run was defined.6.3 Retrieval, preservation, transportation, storage, andcataloging of the rock core should be done in accordance withPractices D 5079. The RQD should be logged on site when thecore is retrieved because some rocks can disintegrate, due to
27、poor curatorial handling, slaking, desiccation, stress relief, orswelling, with time. For these rocks it is recommended that theRQD be measured again after 24 h to assist in determiningdurability.6.4 Close visual examination of core pieces is required forassessing the type of fracture (that is, natu
28、ral or drill break).Pieces of core that are moderately or intensely weathered,contain numerous pores, or are friable, or combination thereof,should not be included in the summation of pieces greater than100 mm (4 in.) for the determination of the RQD. Any rejectedFIG. 1 RQD Logging Center Line Metho
29、d1D6032082piece of core is still included as part of the total length of corerun and should be noted in the report.6.5 Measure all core piece lengths that are intact and greaterthan 100 mm (4 in.) to the nearest 1 mm (0.04 in.) and recordon a RQD data sheet (Fig. 2). Measure such pieces along thecen
30、terline of the core as illustrated in Fig. 1.3NOTE 2Centerline measurements ensure that the RQD value resultingfrom the measurements is not dependent on the core diameter. Centerlinemeasurements also avoid unduly penalizing resulting RQD values forcases where fractures parallel the core axis. Any ot
31、her method used foraccounting for fractures parallel to the core axis, while not advocated bythis test method and in the literature, must be clearly stated.4,56.6 Only those pieces of rock formed by natural fractures(that is, joints, shear zones, bedding planes, or cleavage planesthat result in surf
32、aces of separation) shall be considered forRQD purposes. The core pieces on either side of core breakscaused by the drilling process shall be fitted together andcounted as one piece. Drilling breaks are usually evident byrough fresh surfaces. In some cases it may be difficult todifferentiate between
33、 natural fractures and drilling breaks.When in doubt, count a fracture as a natural fracture. If forsome reason there is not 100 % core recovery for a drill run, thelength of core left in the borehole should be taken into accountby adding it to the run in which it was cored rather than the runin whi
34、ch it was retrieved.6.7 Record the top and bottom depths of each core run.6.8 Sketch core features such as natural fractures, drillingbreaks, lost core, highly weathered pieces, and so forth (seeFig. 1).6.9 Include remarks concerning judgement decisions suchas whether a break in a core is a natural
35、fracture or a drillingbreak or why a piece of core longer than 100 mm (4 in.) wasnot considered to be intact.6.10 Record the sum of intact core pieces longer than 100mm (4 in.) long, and calculate the RQD value for the core runbeing evaluated.6.11 Indicate the rock quality description for the core r
36、unusing the rock quality table in Fig. 1.7. Calculation7.1 Calculate as a percentage, the RQD of a core run asfollows:RQD 5(length of intact and sound pieces . 100 mm 4 in.!#3 100 %total core run length, mm(1)In accordance with Practice D 6026, record the result to thenearest one percent.8. Report8.
37、1 A typical report may include the following:8.1.1 Source of sample including project name, location,and, if known, storage environment. The location may bespecified in terms of borehole number and depth of core runsfrom the collar of the hole.8.1.2 Description of drilling equipment, method, personn
38、el,and hole orientation.8.1.3 Physical description of core runs including diameter,rock type and location and orientation of discontinuities, suchas, apparent weakness planes, bedding planes, schistosity, andlarge inclusions or inhomogeneities, if any.8.1.4 Date of RQD calculations and sketches and/
39、or photo-graphs of core runs.8.1.5 General indication of any conditions, observations,and assumptions relevant to the RQD values or calculations.8.1.6 Include a table of RQD values and/or copies of anyRQD data forms or sketches.8.1.7 Report the rock quality classification for the core runusing the t
40、able in Fig. 1.9. Precision and Bias9.1 Precision6A round-robin study of the RQD index ofcores of four selected types of sedimentary rock (anhydrite/calcite, calcareous shale, limestone, and anhydrite) with fourreplications per rock type was conducted in accordance withPractice E 691 by eight experi
41、enced participants.7The repeat-ability and reproducibility statistics reported in Table 1 refer towithin-participant and between-participant precision, respec-tively. The probability is approximately 95 % that two resultsobtained by the same participant on the same material will notdiffer by more th
42、an the repeatability limit r. Likewise, theprobability is approximately 95 % that two results obtained bydifferent participants on the same material will not differ bymore than the reproducibility limit R. The precision statisticsare calculated from the following equation:r 5 2=2!sr(2)where sr= repe
43、atability standard deviation, andR 5 2=2!sR(3)where sR= reproducibility standard deviation.NOTE 3Some combinations of the means and r and K can result inRQD limits that exceed 100 % because the RQD values have beenassumed to be normally distributed which may not reflect the actualunderlying distribu
44、tion of the RQD values.9.2 BiasThere is no accepted reference value for this testmethod; therefore, bias cannot be determined.10. Keywords10.1 classification; index; logging; quality; rock; rock core3Deere, D. U., and Deere, D. W., “The Rock Quality Designation (RQD) AfterTwenty Years,” Rock Classif
45、ication Systems for Engineering Purposes, ASTM STP984, 1988, pp. 91101.4Deere, D. U., and Deere, D. W., “ Rock Quality Designation (RQD) Index inPractice,” Contract Report G1891 , Department of the Army Corps of Engineers,1989.5Bieniawski, Z.T., “Exploration for Rock Engineering” Proceeding of theSy
46、mposium on Exploration for Rock Engineering, November 1976, Johannesburg,A.A., Balkema, Rotterdam.6Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR: ISRD181015.7Pincus, H. J., and Clift, S. J., Interlaboratory Testing Program for
47、RockProperties: Repeatability and Reproducibility of RQD Values for Selected Sedimen-tary Rocks, PCN: 33-000011-38, ASTM Institute of Standards Research, 1994.D6032083FIG. 2 RQD Data SheetD6032084SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D18 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since t
48、he last issue(D 6032 02 (2006) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved July 1, 2008.)(1) Revised Section 1.3.(2) Edits to Sections 3.2.5, 5.1, and Note 3.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin thi
49、s standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful
