1、Designation: D6045 09Standard Test Method forColor of Petroleum Products by the Automatic TristimulusMethod1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6045; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、 revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the automatic determination ofcolor of a wide variety of petroleum products such as undyedmotor a
3、nd aviation gasoline, aviation turbine fuels, naphthas,kerosine, pharmaceutical white oils, diesel fuel oils, heatingoils, and lubricating oils by the automatic tristimulus method.This test method correlates to Test Method D156 and TestMethod D1500 as calculated by the instrumentation.NOTE 1With the
4、 appropriate sample handling, this test method wouldapply to petroleum waxes, but they were not used in the round robin, andthe precision of this test method with regard to waxes is unknown.1.2 This test method reports results in terms of Test MethodD156 or Test Method D1500.1.3 This test method has
5、 a one-to-one correlation for theentire range of Test Method D1500 ASTM Color and for therange from 0 to +30 for Test Method D156 Saybolt color.1.4 This test method does not apply to solid samples,petroleum products containing dye, and petroleum productshaving extreme fluorescence.1.5 This test meth
6、od does not apply to cloudy samples. Suchsamples shall be filtered so they are clear before measuring.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and he
7、alth practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products(Saybolt Chromometer Method)D1500 Test Method forASTM Color of Petroleum Products(ASTM Color Scale)D2500 Test Meth
8、od for Cloud Point of Petroleum ProductsD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsE284 Terminology of AppearanceE308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects byUsing the CIE System2.2 Energy Institute Standard:IP 17 Determination of ColourLovibond Tintometer33. Termino
9、logy3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 ASTM colorthe name of an empirical scale ofexpressing the color of a petroleum liquid darker than Sayboltcolor based on a scale of 0.5 (lightest) to 8.0 Dil (darkest) anddetermined by Test Method D1500.3.1.2 CIEthe abbreviation for the French title of theInternational Commi
10、ssion on Illumination, or CommissionInternationale de lEclairage. E2843.1.3 CIE Standard Illuminant CColorimetric illuminant,representing daylight with a correlated color temperature of6774 K, defined by the CIE in terms of a relative spectralpower distribution. E2843.1.4 CIE 1931 standard observeri
11、deal colorimetric ob-server with color matching functions x(l), y(l), z(l) corre-sponding to a field of view subtending a 2 angle on the retina;commonly called the “2 Standard Observer.” E2843.1.5 Saybolt colorthe name of an empirical scale forexpressing of the color of a clear petroleum liquid base
12、d on ascale of 16 (darkest) to +30 (lightest) and determined by TestMethod D156.3.1.6 tristimulus valuesThe amounts of three specifiedstimuli required to match a color.3.1.6.1 DiscussionIn the CIE system, they are assignedthe symbols X, Y, and Z. E2844. Summary of Test Method4.1 The sample is poured
13、 into the glass sample container,and the container is placed into the light path of the automaticinstrument.Atransmittance measurement is performed in orderto determine the CIE tristimulus values (under CIE Standard1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts a
14、nd Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.05 onProperties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2009. Published February 2010. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D604504. DOI:10.1520/D6045-09.2For ref
15、erenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Methods for Analysis Testing, available from Energy Institute, 61 Ne
16、wCavendish St., London, WIG 7AR, U.K.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Illuminant C and the CIE 1931 Standard Observer) of thesample in question. These a
17、re then converted instrumentally bythe appropriate algorithm to Saybolt color or ASTM colorvalues.4.2 The color of the sample is reported in eitherTest MethodD156 or Test Method D1500 values, as appropriate.5. Significance and Use5.1 Determination of the color of petroleum products is usedmainly for
18、 manufacturing control purposes and is an importantquality characteristic because color is readily observed by theuser of the product. In some cases the color may serve as anindication of the degree of refinement of the material.When thecolor range of a particular product is known, a variation outsi
19、dethe established range may indicate possible contamination withanother product. However, color is not always a reliable guideto product quality and should not be used indiscriminately inproduct specifications.6. Apparatus6.1 Either instrument described in 6.1.1 or 6.1.2 may beused in this test meth
20、od.6.1.1 SpectrophotometerThe spectrophotometer used inthe measurement shall satisfy the following specifications:6.1.1.1 Wavelength Range380780 nm.6.1.1.2 Effective Wavelength WidthThe effective wave-length width of the radiant flux from the slit of the spectro-photometer shall be 10 6 2nmor56 1 nm
21、.6.1.1.3 Linearity60.5 % of full scale. Photometricreproducibility60.2 %.6.1.1.4 Wavelength Accuracy61 nm.6.1.1.5 Geometrical ConditionsNormal illumination andcollection. The illumination light flux shall not include a raywhich has an angle of five or more degrees toward the centralline. The angle o
22、f the center line inclination of the illuminationflux shall be 0 6 2 toward the normal line of the samplesurface.6.1.1.6 The spectrophotometer shall have the capability tocompute tristimulus values (CIE XYZ) using CIE StandardIlluminant C and the CIE 1931 Standard Observer.6.1.1.7 A spectrophotomete
23、r that gives results comparableto those of the instrument described in 6.1.1.1 through 6.1.1.6shall be satisfactory.6.1.2 Tristimulus Filter ColorimeterInstrument designedfor high precision color measurement of clear liquids. Theinstrument shall be capable of converting the light transmittedby a sam
24、ple (under normal illumination/normal detection) intotristimulus values (CIE XYZ) using the CIE Standard Illumi-nant C and the CIE 1931 Standard Observer using PracticeE308. A correlation between measured tristimulus values andTest Method D1500 and Test Method D156 numbers shall beused to yield an e
25、quivalent instrumental ASTM color, orSaybolt value, or both. The instrument shall be capable ofautomatically computing ASTM color or Saybolt values, orboth (see Section 12).6.1.3 Sample CellSample cell shall be clean, clear, color-less, and unaffected by the petroleum product being measured.Cells wi
26、th path lengths of 33 mm have been found suitable formeasuringASTM color, and cells with path lengths of 100 mmhave been found suitable for measuring Saybolt values. Theoperator shall follow the instrument manufacturers proceduresand recommendations.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Purity of ReagentsRea
27、gent grade chemicals shall beused in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended thatall reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-tee onAnalytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society4where such specifications are available. Other grades may beused, provided it is fir
28、st ascertained that the reagent is ofsufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening theaccuracy of the determination.7.2 DiluentKerosine (WarningCombustible. Vaporharmful.) having a color of +21 saybolt color or lighter by thistest method or Test Method D156, or 1.5 by method B of IP 1
29、7.This material is used for diluting dark samples to be measuredfor ASTM color. As an alternative, other solvents, such aswhite oil or solvent neutral 100 of satisfactory purity that meetthe color requirements specified here in 7.2, are also accept-able.8. Sampling8.1 Samples shall be taken in accor
30、dance with PracticeD4057.9. Preparation of Sample9.1 Liquid Petroleum Products such as Lubricating OilsIfthe sample is not clear, heat it 6C (10F) above its cloud point(see Test Method D2500) and observe the color at thattemperature. When the sample is darker than ASTM Color 8,mix 15 volumes of the
31、sample into 85 volumes of the kerosine,and test the mixture.10. Procedure10.1 CalibrationPrepare the spectrophotometer or tris-timulus filter colorimeter for operation following the manufac-turers instructions.10.1.1 Periodic measurement of suitable Test MethodD1500 or Test Method D156, or both, com
32、parative sampleswould verify instrumental performance. Refer to the manufac-turers documentation for specific details. A method for creat-ing suitable samples is included in Appendix X1.10.1.2 Basic calibration procedures are given in AppendixX2.10.2 MeasurementPlace the cell filled with the sample
33、inthe instrument, and measure according to the manufacturersinstructions.10.3 Record the ASTM color value or Saybolt number asappropriate.11. Report11.1 Report the following information:4Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, AmericanChemical Society, Washington, DC. For Sugges
34、tions on the testing of reagents notlisted by the American Chemical Society, see Annual Standards for LaboratoryChemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeiaand National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,MD.D6045 09211.1.1 The color of th
35、e sample as either Saybolt color to thenearest whole number or ASTM color according to thefollowing procedure: (1) for results with decimal numericalvalues of x.1 to x.4, precede the value with the capital letter“L” or with a “8 ASTM color.11.1.2 If the sample has been diluted in accordance with 7.2
36、,report the color of the mixture followed by the abbreviation“Dil,” for example, “L7.5 Dil ASTM color” or “7.5 DilASTM color” (see Note 2).NOTE 2For samples that are diluted in 11.1.2, it is permissible for thelaboratory to annotate the report in any suitable manner, provided that theinformation cle
37、arly conveys to the data recipient that the sample analyzedwas diluted.11.1.3 When the sample has been filtered, add the words,“sample filtered.”12. Precision and Bias12.1 A correlation has been derived between the manualTest Method D156 Saybolt color and the manual Test MethodD1500 ASTM color, and
38、this automatic method in a coopera-tive program involving five laboratories and ten petroleummaterials. Data were generated in 1993 and details andstatistical analyses are on file at ASTM Headquarters.512.2 PrecisionThe precision of this test method as ob-tained by statistical examination of interla
39、boratory test resultsis as follows:12.2.1 RepeatabilityThe difference between successivetest results obtained by the same operator with the sameapparatus under constant operating conditions on identical testmaterial would, in the long run, in the normal and correctoperation of the test method, excee
40、d the following value onlyin one case in twenty):12.2.1.1 r = 0.14 Saybolt color units (Test Method D156).12.2.1.2 r = 0.10 ASTM color units (Test Method D1500).12.2.2 ReproducibilityThe difference between two singleand independent test results obtained by different operatorsworking in different lab
41、oratories on identical test materialwould, in the long run, in the normal and correct operation ofthe test method, exceed the following value only in one case intwenty:12.2.2.1 R = 1.24 (correlation with Test Method D156).12.2.2.2 R = 0.48 (correlation with Test Method D1500).12.3 Bias:12.3.1 There
42、is no bias in the correlation between this testmethod and Test Method D1500.12.3.2 There is no bias in the correlation between this testmethod and Test Method D156 in the range from 0 to +30.There is a bias for the range from 0 to 16.13. Keywords13.1 ASTM color; automatic colorimeter; color measure-
43、ment; petroleum products color; Saybolt; tristimulus5Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1356.D6045 093APPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. PREPARATION PROCEDURE OF THE COLOR STANDARD SAMPLESINTRODUCTIONThis ap
44、pendix is an explanation about preparation of color standard samples referred to inRR:D02-1356.5It is also an example of the preparation of possible standard samples that can be usedfor periodic checks (see 10.1.1).X1.1 ScopeX1.1.1 This appendix describes the preparation procedureof the Saybolt colo
45、r standard samples and ASTM colorstandard samples.X1.2 Referenced DocumentsX1.2.1 IEC Standard:IEC 867 Insulating LiquidsSpecifications for UnusedLiquids Based on Synthetic Aromatic Hydrocarbons6X1.2.2 Japanese Industrial Standard:K 0510 High Purity Dodecane7X1.3 ApparatusX1.3.1 The apparatus shall
46、conform to the specifications setforth in 6.1 through 6.1.3.X1.3.1.1 CellsThe optical path lengths shall be 10 mm,33 mm, and 100 mm.X1.3.1.2 BalanceThe balance shall have a readability of0.1 mg or better.X1.3.1.3 PipetteThe capacity shall be 2 mL.X1.3.1.4 Volumetric FlasksThe capacity shall be 200 m
47、Land 250 mL.X1.3.1.5 Erlenmeyer Flasks with Standard Taper JointThe capacity shall be 100 mL.X1.3.1.6 BeakerThe capacity shall be 50 mL.X1.4 ReagentsX1.4.1 Dyes:X1.4.1.1 3-Methyl-1-phenyl-4-(phenyl azo)-pyrazol-5-ol(hereinafter referred to as Yellow 5GS-EX). The CAS RN(Chemical Abstracts Service Reg
48、istry Number) is 4314-14-1.X1.4.1.2 1-(phenyl azo)-2-naphthalenol (Orange EX). CASRN 842-07-9.X1.4.1.3 1,4 bis(butylamino)-9,10-anthracenedione (BlueSB). CAS RN 17354-14-2.X1.4.1.4 1-4-(dimethylphenyl)azodimethylphenylazo-2-naphthalenol (Red 5B-SP). CAS RN 1320-06-5.X1.4.1.5 1,5 (or 1,8)-bis(4 methy
49、l phenyl)amino-9,10-anthracenedione (Violet 3R). CAS RN 8005-40-1.X1.4.1.6 1-hydroxy-4-(4-methyl phenyl)amino-9,10anthracenedione (Violet B-2R). CAS RN 81-48-1.X1.4.1.7 1,4-bis(4-butyl phenyl)amino-5,8-dihydroxy-9,10-anthracenedione (Green SG). CAS RN 28198-05-2.X1.4.2 AlkyldiphenylethaneCapacitor alkyldiphenyle-thane described in specification IEC 867, which has a densityof 0.98650.9877 g/cm3at 15C.X1.4.3 DodecaneIn accordance with JIS K0510 or thosewith composition as shown in X1.4.3.1, and with tristimulusvalues XYZ
