1、Designation: D6045 09D6045 12Standard Test Method forColor of Petroleum Products by the Automatic TristimulusMethod1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6045; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、 of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the automatic determination of color of a wide variety of petroleum products such as undy
3、ed motorand aviation gasoline, aviation turbine fuels, naphthas, kerosine, pharmaceutical white oils, diesel fuel oils, heating oils, andlubricating oils by the automatic tristimulus method. This test method correlates to Test Method D156 and Test Method D1500 ascalculated by the instrumentation.NOT
4、E 1With the appropriate sample handling, this test method would apply to petroleum waxes, but they were not used in the round robin, and theprecision of this test method with regard to waxes is unknown.1.2 This test method reports results in terms of Test Method D156 or Test Method D1500.1.3 This te
5、st method has a one-to-one correlation for the entire range of Test Method D1500 ASTM Color and for the rangefrom 0 to +30 for Test Method D156 Saybolt color.1.4 This test method does not apply to solid samples, petroleum products containing dye, and petroleum products havingextreme fluorescence.1.5
6、 This test method does not apply to cloudy samples. Such samples shall be filtered so they are clear before measuring.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
7、 safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D156 Test Method for Saybolt C
8、olor of Petroleum Products (Saybolt Chromometer Method)D1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products (ASTM Color Scale)D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum ProductsD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsE284 Terminology of AppearanceE308 Practice for
9、 Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE System2.2 Energy Institute Standard:IP 17 Determination of ColourLovibond Tintometer33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 ASTM colorcolor, nthe name of an empirical scale of expressing the color of a petroleum liquid darker than Sayboltcolor based on
10、a scale of 0.5 (lightest) to 8.0 Dil (darkest) and determined by Test Method D1500.1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.05 onProperties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material.Cu
11、rrent edition approved Dec. 1, 2009Dec. 1, 2012. Published February 2010February 2013. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20042009as D604504.09. DOI: 10.1520/D6045-09.10.1520/D6045-12.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Cust
12、omer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Methods for Analysis Testing, available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR, U.K.This document is not an ASTM standard and
13、 is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only t
14、he current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.2 CIEthe abbreviatio
15、n for the French title of the International Commission on Illumination, or Commission Internationalede lEclairage. E2843.1.3 CIE Standard Illuminant CC, nColorimetric illuminant, representing daylight with a correlated color temperature of6774 K, defined by the CIE in terms of a relative spectral po
16、wer distribution. E2843.1.4 CIE 1931 standard observerobserver, nideal colorimetric observer with color matching functions x(), y(), z()corresponding to a field of view subtending a 2 angle on the retina; commonly called the “2 Standard Observer.” E2843.1.5 Saybolt colorcolor, nthe name of an empiri
17、cal scale for expressing of the color of a clear petroleum liquid based ona scale of 16 (darkest) to +30 (lightest) and determined by Test Method D156.3.1.6 tristimulus valuesvalues, nThe amounts of three specified stimuli required to match a color.3.1.6.1 DiscussionIn the CIE system, they are assig
18、ned the symbols X, Y, and Z. E2844. Summary of Test Method4.1 The sample is poured into the glass sample container, and the container is placed into the light path of the automaticinstrument. A transmittance measurement is performed in order to determine the CIE tristimulus values (under CIE Standar
19、dIlluminant C and the CIE 1931 Standard Observer) of the sample in question. These are then converted instrumentally by theappropriate algorithm to Saybolt color or ASTM color values.4.2 The color of the sample is reported in either Test Method D156 or Test Method D1500 values, as appropriate.5. Sig
20、nificance and Use5.1 Determination of the color of petroleum products is used mainly for manufacturing control purposes and is an importantquality characteristic because color is readily observed by the user of the product. In some cases the color may serve as anindication of the degree of refinemen
21、t of the material. When the color range of a particular product is known, a variation outsidethe established range may indicate possible contamination with another product. However, color is not always a reliable guide toproduct quality and should not be used indiscriminately in product specificatio
22、ns.6. Apparatus6.1 Either instrument described in 6.1.1 or 6.1.2 may be used in this test method.6.1.1 SpectrophotometerThe spectrophotometer used in the measurement shall satisfy the following specifications:6.1.1.1 Wavelength Range380780 nm.6.1.1.2 Effective Wavelength WidthThe effective wavelengt
23、h width of the radiant flux from the slit of the spectrophotometershall be 10 6 2 nm or 5 6 1 nm.6.1.1.3 Linearity60.5 % of full scale. Photometric reproducibility60.2 %.6.1.1.4 Wavelength Accuracy61 nm.6.1.1.5 Geometrical ConditionsNormal illumination and collection. The illumination light flux sha
24、ll not include a ray whichhas an angle of five or more degrees toward the central line. The angle of the center line inclination of the illumination flux shallbe 0 6 2 toward the normal line of the sample surface.6.1.1.6 The spectrophotometer shall have the capability to compute tristimulus values (
25、CIE XYZ) using CIE StandardIlluminant C and the CIE 1931 Standard Observer.6.1.1.7 A spectrophotometer that gives results comparable to those of the instrument described in 6.1.1.1 through 6.1.1.6 shallbe satisfactory.6.1.2 Tristimulus Filter ColorimeterInstrument designed for high precision color m
26、easurement of clear liquids. Theinstrument shall be capable of converting the light transmitted by a sample (under normal illumination/normal detection) intotristimulus values (CIE XYZ) using the CIE Standard Illuminant C and the CIE 1931 Standard Observer using Practice E308. Acorrelation between m
27、easured tristimulus values and Test Method D1500 and Test Method D156 numbers shall be used to yieldan equivalent instrumental ASTM color, or Saybolt value, or both. The instrument shall be capable of automatically computingASTM color or Saybolt values, or both (see Section 12).6.1.3 Sample CellSamp
28、le cell shall be clean, clear, colorless, and unaffected by the petroleum product being measured. Cellswith path lengths of 33 mm have been found suitable for measuringASTM color, and cells with path lengths of 100 mm have beenfound suitable for measuring Saybolt values. The operator shall follow th
29、e instrument manufacturers procedures andrecommendations.6.2 Ultrasonic Bath, Unheated(optional), of suitable dimensions to hold container(s) placed inside of bath, for use ineffectively dissipating and removing air or gas bubbles that can be entrained in viscous sample types prior to analysis.D6045
30、 1227. Reagents and Materials7.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that allreagents shall conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society4 wheresuch specifications ar
31、e available. Other grades may be used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently highpurity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determination.7.2 DiluentKerosine (WarningCombustible. Vapor harmful.) having a color of +21 saybolt color or lighter by this
32、 testmethod or Test Method D156, or 1.5 by method B of IP 17. This material is used for diluting dark samples to be measured forASTM color. As an alternative, other solvents, such as white oil or solvent neutral 100 of satisfactory purity that meet the colorrequirements specified here in 7.2, are al
33、so acceptable.8. Sampling8.1 Samples shall be taken in accordance with Practice D4057.8.2 For some sample types, such as viscous lube oils that are prone to having entrained air or gas bubbles present in the sample,the use of an ultrasonic bath (see 6.2) without the heater turned on (if so equipped)
34、, has been found effective in dissipating bubblestypically within 10 min.9. Preparation of Sample9.1 Liquid Petroleum Products such as Lubricating OilsIf the sample is not clear, heat it 6C (10F) above its cloud point (seeTest Method D2500) and observe the color at that temperature. When the sample
35、is darker than ASTM Color 8, mix 15 volumesof the sample into 85 volumes of the kerosine, and test the mixture.10. Procedure10.1 CalibrationPrepare the spectrophotometer or tristimulus filter colorimeter for operation following the manufacturersinstructions.10.1.1 Periodic measurement of suitable Te
36、st Method D1500 or Test Method D156, or both, comparative samples would verifyinstrumental performance. Refer to the manufacturers documentation for specific details. A method for creating suitable samplesis included in Appendix X1.10.1.2 Basic calibration procedures are given in Appendix X2.10.2 Me
37、asurementPlace the cell filled with the sample in the instrument, and measure according to the manufacturersinstructions.10.3 Record the ASTM color value or Saybolt number as appropriate.11. Report11.1 Report the following information:11.1.1 The color of the sample as either Saybolt color to the nea
38、rest whole number or ASTM color according to the followingprocedure: (1) for results with decimal numerical values of x.1 to x.4, precede the value with the capital letter “L” or with a “8 ASTMcolor.11.1.2 If the sample has been diluted in accordance with 7.2, report the color of the mixture followe
39、d by the abbreviation “Dil,”for example, “L7.5 Dil ASTM color” or “7.5 Dil ASTM color” (see Note 2).NOTE 2For samples that are diluted in 11.1.2, it is permissible for the laboratory to annotate the report in any suitable manner, provided that theinformation clearly conveys to the data recipient tha
40、t the sample analyzed was diluted.11.1.3 When the sample has been filtered, add the words, “sample filtered.”4 Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For Suggestions on the testing of reagents not listed bythe American Chemical Society
41、, see Annual Standards for Laboratory Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia and NationalFormulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville, MD.D6045 12312. Precision and Bias12.1 A correlation has been derived between the manual Test Method D156 S
42、aybolt color and the manual Test Method D1500ASTM color, and this automatic method in a cooperative program involving five laboratories and ten petroleum materials. Datawere generated in 1993 and details and statistical analyses are on file at ASTM Headquarters.512.2 PrecisionThe precision of this t
43、est method as obtained by statistical examination of interlaboratory test results is asfollows:12.2.1 RepeatabilityThe difference between successive test results obtained by the same operator with the same apparatusunder constant operating conditions on identical test material would, in the long run
44、, in the normal and correct operation of thetest method, exceed the following value only in one case in twenty):12.2.1.1 r = 0.14 Saybolt color units (Test Method D156).12.2.1.2 r = 0.10 ASTM color units (Test Method D1500).12.2.2 ReproducibilityThe difference between two single and independent test
45、 results obtained by different operators workingin different laboratories on identical test material would, in the long run, in the normal and correct operation of the test method,exceed the following value only in one case in twenty:12.2.2.1 R = 1.24 (correlation with Test Method D156).12.2.2.2 R =
46、 0.48 (correlation with Test Method D1500).12.3 Bias:12.3.1 There is no bias in the correlation between this test method and Test Method D1500.12.3.2 There is no bias in the correlation between this test method and Test Method D156 in the range from 0 to +30. Thereis a bias for the range from 0 to 1
47、6.13. Keywords13.1 ASTM color; automatic colorimeter; color measurement; petroleum products color; Saybolt; tristimulus5 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1356.D6045 124APPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. P
48、REPARATION PROCEDURE OF THE COLOR STANDARD SAMPLESINTRODUCTIONThis appendix is an explanation about preparation of color standard samples referred to inRR:D02-1356.5 It is also an example of the preparation of possible standard samples that can be usedfor periodic checks (see 10.1.1).X1.1 ScopeX1.1.
49、1 This appendix describes the preparation procedure of the Saybolt color standard samples and ASTM color standardsamples.X1.2 Referenced DocumentsX1.2.1 IEC Standard:IEC 867 Insulating LiquidsSpecifications for Unused Liquids Based on Synthetic Aromatic Hydrocarbons6X1.2.2 Japanese Industrial Standard:K 0510 High Purity Dodecane7X1.3 ApparatusX1.3.1 The apparatus shall conform to the specifications set forth in 6.1 through 6.1.3.X1.3.1.1 CellsThe optical path lengths shall be 10 mm, 33 mm, and 100 mm.X1.3.1.2 BalanceThe bala
