1、Designation: D6078 04 (Reapproved 2016)Standard Test Method forEvaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuels by the Scuffing LoadBall-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator (SLBOCLE)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6078; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforig
2、inal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the lubricity(load ca
3、rrying ability) of diesel fuels using a scuffing loadball-on-cylinder lubricity evaluator (SLBOCLE).1.2 This test method is applicable to middle distillate fuels,such as Grades Low Sulfur No. 1 D, Low Sulfur No. 2 D, No.1 D, and No. 2 D diesel fuels, in accordance with SpecificationD975; and other s
4、imilar petroleum-based fuels which can beused in diesel engines.NOTE 1It is not known that this test method will predict theperformance of all additive/fuel combinations. Additional work is under-way to further establish this correlation and future revisions of thestandard may be necessary once this
5、 work is complete.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard
6、 to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warningstatements are given in Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel OilsD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Pe
7、troleum andPetroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace ContaminationD5001 Test Method for Measurement of Lubricity of Avia-tion Turbine Fuels by the Ball-on-Cylinder LubricityE
8、valuator (BOCLE)D6079 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuelsby the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR)2.2 American Iron and Steel Institute Standard:3AISI E-52100 Chromium Alloy Steel2.3 American National Standards Institute Standard:4ANSI B3.12, Metal Balls2.4 Society of Automotiv
9、e Engineers Standard:5SAE 8720 Steel3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 applied load, nthe weight in grams added to the loadarm of the SLBOCLE unit.3.1.2 boundary lubrication, na condition in which thefriction and wear between two surfaces in relative motion aredet
10、ermined by the properties of the surfaces and the propertiesof the contacting fluid, other than bulk viscosity.3.1.2.1 DiscussionMetal-to-metal contact occurs and thechemistry of the system is involved. Physically adsorbed orchemically reacted soft films (usually very thin) supportcontact loads. As
11、a result some wear is inevitable.3.1.3 contact load, nthe force in grams with which theball contacts the test ring.3.1.3.1 DiscussionFor the SLBOCLE cantilever systemthe contact load is two times the applied load.3.1.4 friction coeffcient, n tangential friction force di-vided by the contact load.3.1
12、.5 friction trace, na recorded trace of the tangentialfriction force in grams.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and M
13、arineFuels.Current edition approved April 1, 2016. Published May 2016. Originallyapproved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D6078 04 (2010).DOI: 10.1520/D6078-04R16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.o
14、rg. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), 25 MassachusettsAve., NW, Suite 800, Washington, DC 20001, http:/www.steel.org.4Available from American National Standard
15、s Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.5Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale,PA 15096, http:/www.sae.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
16、13.1.6 lubricity, na qualitative term describing the abilityof a fluid to affect friction between, and wear to, surfaces inrelative motion under load.3.1.6.1 DiscussionIn this test method the lubricity of afluid is evaluated by the minimum applied load in grams that,at any time during the test, will
17、 produce a friction coefficientgreater than 0.175 between a stationary ball and a fluid-wettedrotating ring operating under defined conditions.3.1.7 scuffng, nin lubrication, damage caused by instan-taneous localized welding between surfaces in relative motionwhich does not result in immobilization
18、of the parts.3.1.8 scuffng load, nthe load required to produce scuffingof surfaces.3.1.8.1 DiscussionFor this test method the scuffing load isdefined in terms of the applied load.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A 50 mL test specimen of fuel is placed in the testreservoir of an SLBOCLE and adjusted to t
19、he test temperatureof 25 C.4.2 When the fuel temperature has stabilized, 50 % relativehumidity air is used to aerate the fuel at 0.5 L min while3.3 L min flows over the fuel for 15 min. During the remainderof the test sequence, the 50 % relative humidity air flows overthe fuel at a rate of 3.8 L min
20、.4.3 A load arm holding a non-rotating steel ball and loadedwith a 500 g mass is lowered until it contacts a partially fuelimmersed polished steel test ring rotating at 525 r min. Theball is caused to rub against the test ring for a 30 s break inperiod before beginning an incremental-load or a singl
21、e-loadtest.4.4 Wear tests are conducted by maintaining the ball incontact with the partially immersed 525 r min test ring for60 s. For incremental load tests, the test ring is moved at least0.75 mm for each new load prior to bringing a new ball intocontact with the test ring.4.5 The tangential frict
22、ion force is recorded while the ball isin contact with the test ring. The friction coefficient iscalculated from the tangential friction force.4.6 In the incremental-load test, the minimum applied loadrequired to produce a friction coefficient greater than 0.175 isan evaluation of the lubricating pr
23、operties of the diesel fuel.4.7 In the single-load test, a friction coefficient less than orequal to 0.175 indicated the diesel fuel passes the lubricityevaluation, while a friction coefficient greater than 0.175indicated the diesel fuel fails the lubricity evaluation.5. Significance and Use5.1 Dies
24、el fuel injection equipment has some reliance onlubricating properties of the diesel fuel. Shortened life ofengine components, such as diesel fuel injection pumps andinjectors, has sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in adiesel fuel.5.2 The trend of SLBOCLE test results to diesel injections
25、ystem pump component distress due to wear has beendemonstrated in pump rig tests for some fuel/hardware com-binations where boundary lubrication is believed to be a factorin the operation of the component.65.3 The tangential friction force, as measured in theSLBOCLE test, is sensitive to contaminati
26、on of the fluids andtest materials, the presence of oxygen and water in theatmosphere, and the temperature of the test. Lubricity evalua-tions are also sensitive to trace contaminants acquired duringtest fuel sampling and storage.5.4 The SLBOCLE and High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig(HFRR, Test Method
27、 D6079) are two methods for evaluatingdiesel fuel lubricity. No absolute correlation has been devel-oped between the two test methods.5.5 The SLBOCLE may be used to evaluate the relativeeffectiveness of diesel fuels for preventing wear under theprescribed test conditions. If a standard SLBOCLE ratin
28、g hasbeen set, then the single-load test provides a more rapidevaluation than the incremental load test. Correlation ofSLBOCLE test results with field performance of diesel fuelinjection systems has not yet been determined.5.6 This test method is designed to evaluate boundarylubrication properties.
29、While viscosity effects on lubricity inthis test method are not totally eliminated, they are minimized.6. Apparatus6.1 Scuffng Load Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator(SLBOCLE):6.1.1 The SLBOCLE consists of a fluid reservoir in which acylinder rotates, a load arm to which a ball is attached, and ah
30、anger to hang a load on the load arm. The SLBOCLE7,8illustrated in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is identical to the ball-on-cylinder lubricity evaluator (BOCLE) specified in Test MethodD5001, except for the modifications in 6.1.2 through 6.1.4.Complete operating conditions are listed in Table 1.6.1.2 If a stan
31、dard BOCLE machine is modified, a load cellis included to accurately measure tangential friction force withoutput to a recording device.9,86.1.3 If a standard BOCLE machine is modified, a rede-signed reservoir cover or splash guards is necessary to preventloss of fluid from the joint between the res
32、ervoir cover andreservoir.10,86.1.4 If standard BOCLE machine is modified, a heavy-dutypneumatic piston is required to facilitate the increased loadsrequired in the SLBOCLE test.11,86Nikanjam, M., Crosby, T., Henderson, P, Gray, C., Meyer, K., and Davenport,N., “ISO Diesel Fuel Lubricity Round Robin
33、 Program,” SAE Paper No. 952372,SAE Fuels and Lubricants Meeting, October 1619, 1995, Toronto, Canada.7SLBOCLE units, BOC-2000, available from InterAv, P.O. Box 792228, SanAntonio, TX 78279, have been found satisfactory.8The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timei
34、s provided. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this informationto ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at ameeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.9Catalog No. BOC-2040-FFC, available from InterAv, Inc., P.O. Box 7922
35、28,San Antonio, TX 78279, has been found satisfactory.10Catalog No. BOC-217-A, available from InterAv, Inc., P.O. Box 792228, SanAntonio, TX 78279, has been found satisfactory.11Catalog No. BOC-215-15, available from InterAv, Inc., P.O. Box 792228, SanAntonio, TX 78279, has been found satisfactory.D
36、6078 04 (2016)26.1.5 Cylinder, the polished test ring and mandrel assembly.See Fig. 2.6.1.6 Mandrel, a 10 tapered short cylindrical section usedfor holding test ring.12,8See Fig. 2.6.2 Constant Temperature Bath Circulator, capable of main-taining the fluid sample at 25 C 6 1 C when circulatingcoolan
37、t through the base of the sample reservoir.6.3 Cleaning Bath, ultrasonic seamless stainless steel tankwith adequate capacity and a cleaning power of 40 W orgreater.6.4 One of the containers specified under Containers forLubricity Testing in Practice D4306 shall be used to store andtransport fuel sam
38、ples.6.5 Desiccator, containing a non-indicating drying agent,capable of storing test rings, balls, and hardware.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Acetone, minimum reagent grade purity. (WarningExtremely flammable. Vapors may cause flash fire.)7.2 Compressed Air, containing less than 0.1 ppmv hydro-carbo
39、ns and 50 ppmv water. (WarningCompressed gasunder high pressure. Use with extreme caution in the presenceof combustible material.)7.3 Gloves, clean, lint-free, cotton, disposable.7.4 Isooctane, minimum reagent grade purity, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane. (WarningExtremely flammable. Harmfulif inhaled. Vapo
40、rs may cause flash fires.)7.5 Isopropyl Alcohol, minimum reagent grade purity.(WarningFlammable.)7.6 Reference Fluids:7.6.1 Fluid AHigh lubricity reference.13(WarningFlammable.) Store in clean, borosilicate glass with an alumi-num foil-lined insert cap. Store in a dark area.7.6.2 Fluid BLow lubricit
41、y reference.13(WarningFlammable. Vapor harmful.)7.7 Test Ball, chrome alloy steel, made from AISI standardsteel No. E-52100, with a diameter of 12.7 mm, Grade 5 to 10EP finish. The balls are described inANSI Specification B3.12.The extra-polish finish is not described in that specification.The Rockw
42、ell hardness “C” scale (HRC) shall be 64 to 66, acloser limit than found in the ANSI requirement.14,87.8 Test Ring, of SAE 8720 steel, having HRC number of 58to 62 and a surface roughness between 0.04 m and 0.15 mafter polishing as described in A1.1.15,8The dimensions aregiven in Fig. 3.12Mandrel, P
43、art No. M-O, available from Falex Corp., or P/N BOC-2101,available from InterAv, Inc., P.O. Box 792228, San Antonio, TX 78279, have beenfound satisfactory.13Reference fluidsAand B are available fromASTM Test Monitoring Ctr., 6555Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 150264489.14Test Balls, SKF Swedish, Part No.
44、 310995A, RB 12.7, grade 5 to 10 EPFinish,AISI 52100 Alloy available from SKF Industries, Component Systems, 1690 EastRace St., Allentown, PA 90653, when requested with extra polish finish, have beenfound satisfactory.15Test Rings, Part No. TRXP-6 available from U.S. Army TARDEC Fuels andLubricants
45、Research Facility, P.O. Drawer 28510, San Antonio, TX 782280510have been found satisfactory. These rings are Part No. F25061 from Falex Corp.,1020 Airpark Dr., Sugar Grove, IL 605549585, polished to the required surfacefinish by the method in Annex A3. Correct surface finish is central to test accur
46、acy.FIG. 1 Schematic Diagram of the Scuffing Load Ball-on-CylinderLubricity Evaluator (not including instrumentation)FIG. 2 Ring and Mandrel Assembly (Cylinder)TABLE 1 Test ConditionsParameter ValueFluid volume 50 mL 1.0 mLFluid temperature 25 C 1 CConditioned airA50 % 1 % relative humidity at 25 C
47、1CFluid pretreatment: 0.50 L/ min air flowing through and 3.3 L/min air flowingover the fluid for 15 minFluid test conditions: 3.8 L/min air flowing over the fluidCylinder rotational speed 525 r min 1 r/minApplied LoadBreak-in period 500 gIncremental-load test 500 g to 5 000 gSingle-load test user d
48、efinedBTest DurationBreak-in period 30 sWear tests 60 sAFifty percent humidity should be achieved using equal volumes of dry andsaturated air. The SLBOCLE has a water column through which air passes and itis assumed to be saturated when it exits this column.BThe applied load for the single test is s
49、et at the pass/fail requirement for the fuelbeing evaluatedD6078 04 (2016)37.9 Wiper, wiping tissue, light-duty, lint-free, hydrocarbon-free, disposable.16,88. Sampling and Sample Containers8.1 Unless otherwise specified, samples shall be taken bythe procedure described in Practice D4057 or Practice D4177.8.2 Because of the sensitivity of lubricity measurements totrace materials, sample containers shall be only fully epoxy-lined metal, amber borosilicate glass, or polytetrafluorethylene(PTFE), cleaned and rinsed thoroughly
