1、Designation: D 6086 05Standard Test Method forCarbon BlackVoid Volume (VV)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6086; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthes
2、es indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure to measure a carbonblack property called Void Volume. The void volume isobtained by measuring the compressed volume o
3、f a weighedsample contained in a cylindrical chamber when a specifiedcompression force is applied by a movable piston with adisplacement transducer on the piston mechanism.1.2 Void volume is an important carbon black property thatrelates to the compounded physical properties for carbonblack-filled e
4、lastomers.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to est
5、ablish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1799 Practice for Carbon BlackSampling PackagedShipmentsD 1900 Practice for Carbon BlackSampling Bulk Ship-ments3. Terminology3.1 Defin
6、itions of Terms Specific to This StandardRefer toSections 4 and 9 for a more complete understanding of the useof these terms in this test method.3.1.1 compressed volume (carbon black), nthe volumethat a mass of carbon black occupies when it is contained in aspecified cylindrical chamber and subjecte
7、d to a specifiedcompression force by a movable piston.3.1.2 theoretical volume (carbon black), nthe volume thata specific mass of carbon black particles with no voids, forpractical purposes, is given by the ratio of the mass to thedensity, when the density is determined by an accepted test.3.1.3 voi
8、d volume (carbon black), na measure of theirregularity and non-sphericity of carbon black aggregateparticles, it is expressed as the difference, (compressedvolume-theoretical volume) for a mass of carbon black, thedifferential volume is normalized to a selected unit mass.3.1.3.1 DiscussionThe aggreg
9、ate irregularity resists com-pression and thus the compressed volume is a function of thedegree of this irregularity. The compressed void volumes arespecific to the compressed volume measuring instrument and tothe conditions of test.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The compressed volume of a weighed dry
10、 test sample ofa candidate carbon black is obtained in a void volumeinstrument under calibration test conditions. From the com-pressed volume, the void volume is obtained by subtracting thetheoretical volume.5. Significance and Use5.1 The void volume of a carbon black expressed inabsolute terms, VV,
11、 is a carbon black property that reflectsdifferences in structure for candidate carbon blacks. Structureis a generic term that is a function of the shape irregularity anddeviation from sphericity of carbon black aggregates. Themore that a carbon black resists compression by havingsubstantial aggrega
12、te irregularity and non-sphericity, thegreater the compressed volume and void volume.5.2 Structure is a property that influences the physicalproperties developed in carbon black compounds for use intires, mechanical rubber goods, and other manufactured rubberproducts.6. Apparatus6.1 Analytical Balan
13、ce, or equivalent, capable of a weighingsensitivity of 0.1 mg.6.2 Gravity Convection Drying Oven, capable of maintain-ing 125 6 5C.6.3 Weighing Dish, Camel Hair or Similar Brush, to be usedfor weighing the samples.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee D24 on Carbon Blackand are th
14、e direct responsibility of Subcommittee D24.11 on Carbon BlackStructure.Current edition approved May 1, 2005. Published May 2005. Originallyapproved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D 6086 - 97.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Cus
15、tomer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.4 Void Volume Instrument, to be
16、used to measure thecompressed volume of carbon blacks from which the voidvolume is calculated. The void volume instrument or deviceshall conform to the following generic specifications and becapable of operating as outlined in 6.4.1-6.4.3.6.4.1 The instrument shall have a rigid framework thatcontain
17、s a metal block with a vertically oriented cylindricalsample chamber (see Fig. X1.1).6.4.2 When opened, the sample port shall allow the loadingof a sample of carbon black.6.4.3 By means of a suitable mechanism with sufficientpower for the compression forces as required for testing, thepiston shall b
18、e capable of being moved to compress the sample.A device to record the movement of the piston and indicatedisplacement shall be provided. The compressed volume ofany sample is determined at the end of a test, by the distancefrom the end of the piston to the end of the sample port; this isdesignated
19、as a “height” in the procedure discussed in Section9. A test is concluded and the height is measured when apredetermined pressure is attained. See Appendix X1 for abrief description of a commercial void volume instrument thatmeets these specifications.7. Sampling7.1 Samples of candidate carbon black
20、s shall be taken inaccordance with Practice D 1799 or D 1900.8. Calibration8.1 Follow the manufacturers instructions to set up theinstrument and to calibrate the zero value reading of the height.8.2 Follow the manufacturers instructions to calibrate theheight measurement using a physical standard (m
21、etal plug).8.3 Follow the manufacturers instructions to calibrate thecompression pressure using a test gage.NOTE 1Once precision and bias statements are available for standardreference blacks, alternative calibration techniques can be evaluated.9. Procedure9.1 Sample Preparation:9.1.1 Dry an adequat
22、e sample of the carbon black at 125 65C for 1 h and cool in a desiccator.9.1.2 Weigh 2.0000 g (to the nearest 0.0001 g) of the driedcarbon black (or use a sample weight specified by the manu-facturer).9.2 Evaluating Candidate Carbon Blacks:9.2.1 Place the dried and weighed carbon black in thecalibra
23、ted instrument. Start the test sequence to apply thepredetermined pressure. The height of the piston will beautomatically recorded and used to calculate the samplescompressed volume.10. Void Volume Calculations10.1 The void volume (VV) is calculated from the measuredcompressed volume as follows. The
24、 compressed volume of theweighed candidate sample is evaluated by Eq 1.VA5 h 3 3.1416 D2/4000 (1)where:VA= the (actual) compressed volume of the weighedcandidate sample, cm3,h = the “height” of the compressed carbon black incylinder, mm, andD = the diameter of the cylinder, mm.The theoretical volume
25、 of the carbon black is evaluated byEq 2.VT5 m/dCB(2)where:VT= the theoretical volume of the weighed sample, cm3,dCB= accepted density of carbon black = 1.90 g/cm3, andm = mass of weighed candidate black sample, g.The void volume of the candidate carbon black per unit mass(100 g) is given by Eq 3.VV
26、 5 VA2 VT(3)where:VV = void volume of candidate carbon black, 105m3/kg(cm3/100 g),VA= the (actual) compressed volume of the weighedcandidate sample, cm3, (Eq 1), andVT= the theoretical volume of the weighed sample, cm3,(Eq 2).In addition to void volume, a compressed volume index(CVI) can be calculat
27、ed, which should be expressed to thenearest 0.01 percent, is given by Eq 4.CVI 5 VVCandidate/ VVRef_Standard# 100 (4)where:VVCandidate= void volume of candidate carbon black,105m3/kg (cm3/100 g), andVVRef_Standard= void volume of reference carbon black,105m3/kg (cm3/100 g).NOTE 2Void volume of SRB B
28、-5 = 56.60 105m3/kg (cm3/100 g).11. Report11.1 Report the following information:11.1.1 Sample identification,11.1.2 Sample mass if different from 9.1.2, and11.1.3 Test result for void volume obtained from a singletest determination expressed to the nearest 105m3/kg (cm3/100g).12. Precision and Bias1
29、2.1 A precision and bias statement has not been developedas of this time. This work will be undertaken in the near future.13. Keywords13.1 compressed volume; structure; void volumeD6086052APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF A VOID VOLUME DEVICEX1.1 A typical void volume instru
30、ment or device is shownin Fig. X1.1.3X1.1.1 The VV instrument meets the specifications in ac-cordance with 6.4. It generally consists of the following.X1.1.2 A rectangular rigid framework with a verticallyoriented cylindrical sample chamber. The top plate contains amechanism for opening and closing
31、the top end or sample portof the chamber with a rigidly held restraining block or gate.X1.1.3 When open, the sample port allows the loading of asample of carbon black to be tested. When loaded, a samplerests on the top end of a piston rod that may be propelledupward along the cylindrical sample cham
32、ber. The pistoncontains a flat circular end plate that is connected to a pressuretransducer and forms the lower end of the sample chamber. Themass of carbon black to be tested rests on top of this piston rod.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted i
33、n connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the r
34、esponsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive car
35、eful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM Internation
36、al, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the
37、ASTM website(www.astm.org).3The sole source of supply of the void volume instrument, as indicated in Fig.X1.1, known to the committee at this time is Jaron Technologies, LLC, 2338Duncan, Pampa, TX 79065. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please providethis information to ASTM International
38、Headquarters. Your comments will receivecareful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee1, whichyou may attend.NOTE 1This is not the only physical design that can be used todetermine Void Volume.FIG. X1.1 Schematic Diagram of a Void Volume InstrumentShowing Important ComponentsD6086053
