1、Designation: D6103/D6103M 17Standard Test Method forFlow Consistency of Controlled Low Strength Material(CLSM)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6103/D6103M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the ye
2、ar of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determinationof the flow consistency of fresh Controlled Low Strength
3、Material (CLSM). This test method applies to flowable CLSMwith a maximum particle size of 19.0 mm 34 in. or less, or tothe portion of CLSM that passes a 19.0 mm 34 in. sieve.1.2 The CLSM used to make the molded specimens shall besampled after all on-site adjustments have been made to themixture prop
4、ortions, including the addition of mix water andany admixtures.1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digits and rounding established inPractice D6026 unless superseded by this test method.1.3.1 The method used to specify how data are collected,calculat
5、ed, or recorded in this standard is not directly related tothe accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or otheruses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using thisstandard is beyond its scope.1.4 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units (presented in bracke
6、ts) are to be regarded sepa-rately as standard. The values stated in each system shall beused independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is usedwhen dealing with inch-pound units.
7、 In this system, the pound(lbf) represents a unit of force (weight) while the unit for massis slugs. The rationalized slug unit is not given, unless dynamic(F=ma) calculations are involved.1.4.2 It is common practice in the engineering/constructionprofession to concurrently use pounds to represent b
8、oth a unitof mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This implicitly combines twoseparate systems of units: that is, the absolute system and thegravitational system. It is scientifically undesirable to combinetwo separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard.As stated, this standard includes the
9、 gravitational system ofinch-pound units and does not use/present the slug unit formass. However, the use of balances or scales recording poundsof mass (lbm) or recording in lbm/ft3shall not be regarded asnonconformance with this standard.1.5 CLSM is also known as flowable fill, controlled densityfi
10、ll, soil-cement slurry, soil-cement grout, unshrinkable fill,K-Krete, and other similar names.1.6 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of the
11、 standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations pr
12、ior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
13、Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-gregatesC143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-CementConcreteC172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed ConcreteD653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contain
14、edFluidsD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUsed in Engineering Design and Construction1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.15 on S
15、tabilization WithAdmixtures.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2017. Published November 2017. Originallyapproved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D6103 04, whichwas withdrawn July 2013 and reinstated in November 2017. DOI: 10.1520/D6103-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the AS
16、TM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr H
17、arbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommend
18、ations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1D4832 Test Method for Preparation and Testing of Con-trolled Low Strength Material (CLSM) Test CylindersD5971/D5971M Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Con-trolled Low-Strength MaterialD6023 Test Method for D
19、ensity (Unit Weight), Yield, Ce-ment Content, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Con-trolled Low-Strength Material (CLSM)D6024/D6024M Test Method for Ball Drop on ControlledLow Strength Material (CLSM) to Determine Suitabilityfor Load ApplicationD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechni
20、calData3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of common technical termsused in this standard, refer to Terminology standards C125 andD653.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 controlled low strength material (CLSM), na mix-ture of soil or aggregates (sand, gravel, or both),
21、 cementitiousmaterials, water and sometimes admixtures, that hardens into amaterial with a higher strength than the soil, but less than 8400kPa 1200 psi.3.2.1.1 DiscussionUsed as a replacement for compactedbackfill, CLSM can be placed as a slurry, or a mortar, or acompacted material and typically ha
22、s strengths of 350 to 700kPa 50 to 100 psi for most applications.3.2.2 flow consistency, na measurement of the spread of apredetermined volume of CLSM achieved by removal of theflow cylinder within a specified time.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 An open-ended cylinder is placed on a flat, level surfac
23、eand filled with fresh CLSM. The cylinder is raised quickly sothe CLSM will flow into a patty. The average diameter of thepatty is determined and compared to established criteria.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is intended to provide the user with aprocedure to determine the fluidity of
24、CLSM mixtures for useas backfill or structural fill.5.2 This test method is considered applicable to freshCLSM containing only sand as the aggregate or having coarseaggregate smaller than 19.0 mm 34 in. If the coarse aggregateis larger than 19.0 mm 34 in., the test method is applicablewhen it is mad
25、e on the fraction of CLSM passing a 19.0 mm34 in. sieve, with the larger aggregate being removed inaccordance with the section on Additional Procedures forLarge Maximum size Aggregate Concrete in Practice C172.NOTE 1Removing the coarse aggregate will alter the characteristics ofthe mix and therefore
26、 will give information only about the remainingmaterial. It is suggested that for mixes containing coarse aggregate 19.0mm 34 in. or larger, a measurement of the slump by Test MethodC143/C143M is more appropriate.5.3 For non-flowable CLSM, or for mixtures that do notcome out of the flow cylinder eas
27、ily, measure the slump asoutlined in Test Method C143/C143M.5.4 This test method is one of a series of quality control teststhat can be performed on CLSM during construction to monitorcompliance with specification requirements. The other teststhat can be used during construction control are Test Met
28、hodsD4832, D6023, and D6024/D6024M.NOTE 2The quality of the result produced by this standard isdependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and thesuitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet thecriteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of com
29、petentand objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard arecautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assurereliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.6. Apparatus6.1 Flow Cyl
30、inderThe flow cylinder shall be a 150 6 3.0mm 6 6 0.125 in. length of 76 6 3.0 mm 3 6 0.125 in.inside diameter, straight tubing of steel, plastic or othernon-absorbent material, non-reactive with CLSM containingportland cement, fly ash or other supplementary cementitiousmaterials or additives. The f
31、low cylinder shall be constructedsuch that the planes of the ends are parallel to one another andperpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder. The flowcylinder shall have a smooth interior, open at both ends and arigid shape that is able to hold its dimensions and underconditions of severe
32、 use.6.2 Sampling and Mixing ReceptacleThe receptacle shallbe a suitable container, wheelbarrow, etc., of sufficient capacityto allow easy sampling and remixing of the CLSM.6.3 Filling ApparatusScoop, shovel, bucket, or pail ofsufficient capacity to facilitate filling of the flow cylinder in arapid,
33、 efficient manner.6.4 Nonporous SurfaceA 0.6-m 2.0-ft square, or larger,made of a nonporous material that is also non-corroding, suchas acrylic, cast aluminum, or stainless steel. The surface mustbe smooth, free of defects, and rigid.6.5 Miscellaneous Equipment:6.5.1 Timing DeviceWatch, clock, or st
34、opwatch capable oftiming 1 second intervals.6.5.2 Straight EdgeA stiff metal straightedge of anyconvenient length but not less than 254 mm 10.0 in. The totallength of the straightedge shall be machined straight to atolerance of +0.1 mm +0.005 in. The metal shall be made ofsuitable material that is n
35、on-corroding.6.5.3 Measuring Device, ruler, metal roll-up measuringtape, or similar rigid or semi-rigid measuring instrumentmarked in increments of 6 mm 14 in. or smaller. Theinstrument length shall be at least 380 mm 15 in.7. Test Sample7.1 Obtain the sample of freshly mixed CLSM in accor-dance wit
36、h D5971/D5971M.8. Procedure8.1 Place the nonporous surface on a flat, level area that isfree of vibration or other disturbances.D6103/D6103M 1728.2 Dampen the flow cylinder with water and place it onend, on a smooth nonporous level surface. Hold firmly in placeduring filling.8.3 Thoroughly remix the
37、 CLSM in the mixing receptacle toavoid segregation and to maintain homogeneity. BecauseCLSM mixtures can bleed easily (the appearance of free waterat the surface), the sample must be routinely mixed duringfilling of the flow cylinder to ensure homogeneity, and to avoidsegregation.NOTE 3The test for
38、flow consistency, unit weight (D6023), and aircontent (D6023) should be started within 5 min after obtaining the finalportion of the composite sample. Complete these tests as expeditiously aspossible.8.4 With the filling apparatus, scoop through the centerportion of the receptacle and pour the CLSM
39、into the flowcylinder. Fill the flow cylinder until it is just level full orslightly overfilled.8.5 Strike off the surface with a suitable straight edge, untilthe surface is flush with the top of the flow cylinder, whileholding the flow cylinder in place. Remove any spillage awayfrom the cylinder af
40、ter strike off.8.6 Within 5 seconds of filling and striking off, raise theflow cylinder carefully in a vertical direction at least 15 cm 6.0in. by a steady upward lift with no lateral or torsional motionin a time period between 2 and 4 seconds. Complete the entiretest from the start of filling throu
41、gh removal of the flowcylinder without interruption within an elapsed time of 60seconds.8.7 Immediately measure the largest resulting spread diam-eter of the CLSM. Take two measurements of the spreaddiameter perpendicular to each other. The measurements are tobe made along diameters which are perpen
42、dicular to oneanother.NOTE 4As the CLSM spreads, segregation may occur, with the waterspreading beyond the spread of the cohesive mixture. The spread of thecohesive mixture should be measured.NOTE 5For ease in measuring perpendicular diameters, the nonporoussurface that the flow cylinder will be pla
43、ced on can be marked withperpendicular lines and the cylinder centered where the lines cross.NOTE 6The average diameter of the CLSM patty typically isestablished by the specifying organization and may vary depending onhow the CLSM is being used. For flowable CLSM used to readily fillspaces (without
44、requiring vibration), the average diameter of the pattytypically is 200 to 300 mm 8 to 12 in.9. Report: Test Data Sheet(s)/Form(s)9.1 The methodology used to specify how data are recordedon the test data sheet(s)/form(s) is covered in 1.3.9.2 Record as a minimum the following general information(dat
45、a):9.2.1 Date and time test is performed,9.2.2 Name of person performing the test.9.3 Record as a minimum the following test specimen data:9.3.1 Sample identification,9.3.2 Record the two measurements to the nearest 10 mm0.5 in. Compute the average of the two measurementsrounded off to the nearest 5
46、 mm 0.25 in., and report as theaverage flow consistency of the CLSM.9.4 Appropriate remarks regarding uniformity or non-uniformity, such as apparent segregation, lenses, pockets, andsimilar phenomena in the CLSM.10. Precision and Bias10.1 PrecisionTest data on precision is not presented dueto the na
47、ture of the CLSM materials tested by this test method.It is either not feasible or too costly at this time to have ten ormore laboratories participate in a round-robin testing program.Also, it is either not feasible or too costly to produce multiplespecimens that have uniform physical properties.Any
48、 variationobserved in the data is just as likely to be due to specimenvariation as to operator or laboratory testing variation.10.1.1 The Subcommittee D18.15 is seeking any data fromthe users of this test method that might be used to make alimited statement on precision.10.2 BiasThere is no accepted
49、 reference value for this testmethod, therefore, bias cannot be determined.11. Keywords11.1 backfill; CLSM; construction control; flowable fill;flow consistency; flow cylinder; mix design; quality control;soil stabilizationAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. RationaleX1.1 This test method was developed to provide anaccepted, consensus method of measuring the flow character-istics of CLSM. Although CLSM may be mixed and deliveredlike concrete, the mixture typically is much more fluid thanconcrete so that it readil
