1、Designation: D 6104 97 (Reapproved 2003)Standard Practice forDetermining the Performance of Oil/Water SeparatorsSubjected to Surface Run-Off1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6104; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the
2、case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the procedure, any necessary re-lated apparatus, and the sampling
3、technique to be used indetermining the performance characteristics of oil/water sepa-rators subjected to contaminated run-off.1.2 This practice does not address the determination of theperformance characteristics of an oil/water separator subjectedto the sudden release of a relatively large quantity
4、 of hydro-carbons that may appear, in pure form or at high concentration,in the influent to the separator. In this case, refer to PracticeD 6157.1.3 This practice does not address the determination of theperformance characteristics of an oil/water separator subjectedto a mechanically emulsified infl
5、uent such as provided by apump.1.4 This practice does not investigate the ability of theseparator to handle debris or suspended solids, that is, grit ortree leaves.1.5 While the effluent may meet code requirements for totaloil and grease content, this practice does not address thepresence of soluble
6、 organics, i.e., Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl-benzene and Xylene (BTEXs) which may be detected in theeffluent. It also does not make any provisions for the effects ofdetergents, surfactants, soaps, or any water soluble matter (thatis, salts), or any portion of an essentially insoluble matter thatmay be f
7、ound in solution on separation. (Effects of certainwater soluble chemicals or solids may be investigated byadding them to the water at predetermined constant concentra-tions.)1.6 In order to estimate the effect of water temperature onthe performance of the separator, the tests described in thispract
8、ice must be performed at two water temperatures. Theselected temperatures must be at least 10C (18F) apart, withthe temperature ranging from a minimum of 0C (32F) to amaximum of 50C (122F).1.7 This practice does not make any provisions for thevariation of pH or temperature during a test run. Refer t
9、oAppendix X1 for further detail.1.8 This practice can be used with a variety of hydrocar-bons. It adopts No. 2 fuel oil with a density2of 845 kg/m3(52.73 lbm/ft3) and a viscosity2of 1.9 to 4.1 centistokes at40C (104F) and SAE 90 lubricating oil with a density2of 930kg/m3(58 lbm/ft3) at 15.5C (60F) a
10、nd a viscosity (seeSAE J313) of 13.5 to 24 centistokes at 100C (212F) as thecomparative testing media. It is understood that the resultsobtained from this practice are only directly applicable to No.2 fuel oil and SAE 90 lubricating oil for the tested concentra-tions and only careful interpolation o
11、r extrapolation, or both, isallowed to other hydrocarbons. Low viscosity or high densityhydrocarbons or hydrocarbons that contain a larger fraction ofhighly soluble compounds may need to be tested separately.NOTE 1No extrapolation outside the range of the tested influent oreffluent oil concentration
12、s is allowed as performance may not be linear.Hence, to establish performance at a higher or lower concentration, theseparator shall be tested for that specific condition. In addition, linearitymust be established prior to using linear interpolation.1.9 Since regulations are based on effluent total
13、hydrocar-bon content, this practice does not set forth any lower limits onoil particle size for the evaluation of separator efficiency.However, a standardized means for mixing oil and water shallbe specified to ensure repeatability. It must be noted howeverthat smaller particles, having a greater su
14、rface area to volumeratio, rise at a slower rate than their larger counterparts. (GuideF 933 requires that 20 % of all oil particles be smaller than orequal to 50 m and IMO MEPC 60 (30) does not mention anyparticle size requirements but asks the user to avoid emulsioncausing chemicals.)1.10 Although
15、 the tests described in this practice intend tosimulate contaminated storm water run-off separation require-ments, they do not cover all possible applications. It is the endusers responsibility to determine whether his separation re-quirements are within the scope of this practice.1This practice is
16、under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water andis the direct responsibility of D19.06 on Methods for Analysis for OrganicSubstances in Water.Current edition approved June 10, 2003. Published August 2003. Originiallyapproved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D 6104 97.2Ray
17、E. Bolz and George L. Tuve, CRC Handbook of tables for AppliedEngineering Science,2ndEdition, CRC Press, 1981.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.1.11 A product different from the general description hereinmay be tested a
18、nd found to be in compliance with theperformance criteria set forth.1.12 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI unitsare to be regarded as standard. Within the text, the inch-poundunits are shown in parentheses. The values stated in eachsystem are not exact equivalents. Therefore, each s
19、ystem mustbe used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in nonconformance with this specifi-cation.1.13 This practice does not purport to address all theenvironmental hazards, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard
20、to establish appro-priate environmentally responsible practices and to determinethe applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.14 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to
21、establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D 1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD 3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed ConduitsD 4281 Test Method for Oil and Grease (Flu
22、orocarbonExtractable Substances) by Gravimetric DeterminationD 6157 Practice for Determining the Performance of Oil/Water Separators Subjected to a Sudden ReleaseF 933 Guide for Evaluation of Oil Water Separation Sys-tems for Spilled Oil Recovery Applications42.2 EPA Standards:EPA-413.1 “Methods for
23、 Chemical Analysis of Water andWastes”, EPA 600/4-79-020, revised March 19835EPA-413.2 “Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water andWastes”, EPA 600/4-79-020, revised March 19835EPA-1664 H-Hexane Extractable Material (HEM) andSilica Gel Treated N-Hexane Extractable Material (SGT-HEM) by Extraction and
24、 Gravimetry (Oil and Grease andTotal Petroleum Hydrocarbons) EPA-821-B-94-004B,April 199552.3 SAE Standards:SAE J306 Axle and Manual Transmission Lubricant Vis-cosity Classification6SAE J313 Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice (R) Die-sel Fuels63. Terminology3.1 Definitions: For definitions of term
25、s used in this prac-tice, refer to Terminology D 1129.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 calibrationthe certified evaluation of the accuracyof a measuring instrument as performed by its manufacturer oran independent licensed or accredited third party.3.2.2 contaminated run-offr
26、ain water which has collectedoily contaminants from the surfaces it came in contact with andwhich may appear in the influent to a separator. Unlike arelease, the level of contamination in this case is much lower.3.2.3 effluentthe aqueous release from a separator.3.2.4 flow totalizera counter, usuall
27、y attached to a flowmeter, that evaluates the total volume of the fluid that hasflowed through over a given time period.3.2.5 influentthe oily aqueous input to a separator.3.2.6 oily dischargeany release of oily contaminants intothe environment that exceeds the allowable limit.3.2.7 re-entrainmentth
28、e condition in which the level ofcontamination of the effluent water of a separator containing oilis higher than the influent contamination level due to internalremixing. This definition usually applies to situations whereclean water passes through a separator that already containshydrocarbons store
29、d within and atop the water so as to form aninterface.3.2.8 releaseany sudden discharge of an oily substancefrom vessels that are specifically designed to store, contain, ortransfer oily products such as storage tanks, pipelines, dikedareas, and transfer equipment and which may appear in theinfluent
30、 to a separator.3.2.9 separatora flow through primary treatment devicethe primary purpose of which is to separate oil from water.4. Summary of Practice4.1 The practice evaluates a separators ability to reduce thetotal hydrocarbon content of contaminated run-off. For this, aninfluent is supplied at t
31、he separators rated flow for the selectedhydrocarbon content (either 350 or 1000 mg/L). The corre-sponding effluent hydrocarbon content is determined by ob-taining and analyzing grab samples.4.2 The practice also evaluates the effluent of a separator atrated oil storage capacity in relation to a non
32、-contaminatedinfluent and its corresponding rated flow in order to establishits re-entrainment characteristics.4.3 The data generated in this practice are considered validfor the separators tested only. However, the results of thesetests may be extrapolated to smaller or larger size separatorsprovid
33、ed that applicable geometric and dynamic similitude aremaintained. Where the use of extrapolation is not applicable,that size unit must be subjected to testing.4.4 The flow rate for these tests must equal the manufactur-ers rated flow for the given separator at the given influentcontamination level
34、and for the selected effluent peak contami-nation concentration.4.5 For the purpose of this test, the water temperatureshould be between 10C (50F) and 21.1C (70F) and the pHof the water between 6 and 9.5. Significance and Use5.1 The Clean Water Act promulgated the implementationof water quality stan
35、dards and contamination limits for a widerange of pollutants including oil and grease. Specifically, the3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standard
36、s Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Withdrawn.5Environmental Protection Agency, 40 CFR Ch. 1 (7-1-95 Edition)6Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.D 6104 97 (2003)2EPA prohibits “the discharges of oil that cause a film or sheenu
37、pon or cause discoloration of the surface of the water.”Several state and local agencies have adopted this statement inaddition to setting concentration limits, that is, 15 mg/Lor even5 mg/L. The purpose of this practice is to evaluate theperformance of a separator in regards to the regulations andu
38、ser requirements.5.2 Another purpose of this practice is to establish that aseparator containing oil at its rated capacity would still becapable of meeting the above criteria when subjected torun-off.5.3 This practice is not applicable if the influent to aseparator contained a sudden release as much
39、 higher concen-trations would be expected. For this case, see Practice D 6157.5.4 This practice is not applicable if the influent to aseparator is conveyed by a pumping means.5.5 The data generated in this method is valid for theseparators tested only. The results of these tests may beextrapolated t
40、o smaller or larger size separators provided thatapplicable geometric and dynamic similitude are maintained.Where sound engineering method limits the use of extrapola-tion, that size unit must be subjected to testing.5.6 The flow rate for all the tests must equal the manufac-turers total rated flow
41、for the given separator at a giveninfluent contamination level and for the selected effluent peakcontamination concentration.6. Test Set-Up and Apparatus6.1 Water SupplyThe water supply can be either a watermain, a water reservoir and a pump, or an elevated storage tankcapable of providing the volum
42、e and flow rate of waternecessary for a test run as described in the procedure. If eithera storage tank or reservoir is used, the volume shall be at leastthree times the liquid volume of the separator.6.1.1 Flow Totalizer or Sight GlassThe water supplyshould be equipped with a calibrated means of in
43、dicating thetotal volume of water dispensed, that is, a flow totalizer or asight glass. The selected device should be within 5 % accuracy.6.1.2 Flow Rate IndicatorThe water supply must also beequipped with a calibrated means of controlling and indicatingthe flow rate, that is, throttling valve and f
44、low meter, orificeplates or, venturis. The means used for controlling the flow ratemust be capable of maintaining the flow within 5 % of thedesired value.6.2 Oil SupplyThe oil supply should be large enough tostore the quantity required for the larger concentration test andfor its entire duration. A
45、minimum estimate could be based onthree separator liquid volumes.6.2.1 Flow Totalizer or Sight GlassThe oil storage tankshould be equipped with a calibrated sight glass or flowtotalizer. The selected device should be within 5 % accuracy.6.2.2 Flow Rate IndicatorThe oil supply should also beequipped
46、with a calibrated means of controlling and indicatingthe flow rate, that is, throttling valve and flow meter, orificeplates or, venturis. The means used for controlling the flow ratemust be capable of maintaining the flow within 5 % of thedesired value.6.3 SeparatorA separator with an outlet pipe ex
47、tendingfar enough to allow grab sampling as described in Test MethodD 3370.6.4 MixerA means for mixing the hydrocarbons with thewater consisting of a commercially available horizontal PVCpipe section with a minimum surface roughness of 0.000 15 cm(0.000 005 ft.) having a length of at least 20 diamet
48、ers with oneend connected directly to the inlet of the separator. An oilinjection port shall be provided at the other end of the pipe andat its bottom portion and shall not extend into the pipe morethan one third its diameter in order to prevent stratification7.The pipe diameter shall be selected su
49、ch that it runs full and ata Reynolds number, based on the hydraulic diameter, in excessof 70 000 and a velocity in excess of 1 m/s (3.28 ft/s). Theinjection port diameter shall be sized to provide, at the highertest concentration, an injection velocity approximately equal to1 m/s.6.5 Influent Sampling PortAn influent sampling port fortemperature and pH reading. (If on-line temperature and pHreaders are not available, a small sample should be extractedand the temperature read immediately at the beginning of everytest. pH analysis may be perfo
