1、Designation: D6104 97 (Reapproved 2011)Standard Practice forDetermining the Performance of Oil/Water SeparatorsSubjected to Surface Run-Off1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6104; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the ca
2、se of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the procedure, any necessary re-lated apparatus, and the sampling tec
3、hnique to be used indetermining the performance characteristics of oil/water sepa-rators subjected to contaminated run-off.1.2 This practice does not address the determination of theperformance characteristics of an oil/water separator subjectedto the sudden release of a relatively large quantity of
4、 hydro-carbons that may appear, in pure form or at high concentration,in the influent to the separator. In this case, refer to PracticeD6157.1.3 This practice does not address the determination of theperformance characteristics of an oil/water separator subjectedto a mechanically emulsified influent
5、 such as provided by apump.1.4 This practice does not investigate the ability of theseparator to handle debris or suspended solids, that is, grit ortree leaves.1.5 While the effluent may meet code requirements for totaloil and grease content, this practice does not address thepresence of soluble org
6、anics, i.e., Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl-benzene and Xylene (BTEXs) which may be detected in theeffluent. It also does not make any provisions for the effects ofdetergents, surfactants, soaps, or any water soluble matter (thatis, salts), or any portion of an essentially insoluble matter thatmay be found
7、 in solution on separation. (Effects of certainwater soluble chemicals or solids may be investigated byadding them to the water at predetermined constant concentra-tions.)1.6 In order to estimate the effect of water temperature onthe performance of the separator, the tests described in thispractice
8、must be performed at two water temperatures. Theselected temperatures must be at least 10C (18F) apart, withthe temperature ranging from a minimum of 0C (32F) to amaximum of 50C (122F).1.7 This practice does not make any provisions for thevariation of pH or temperature during a test run. Refer toApp
9、endix X1 for further detail.1.8 This practice can be used with a variety of hydrocar-bons. It adopts No. 2 fuel oil with a density2of 845 kg/m3(52.73 lbm/ft3) and a viscosity2of 1.9 to 4.1 centistokes at40C (104F) and SAE 90 lubricating oil with a density2of 930kg/m3(58 lbm/ft3) at 15.5C (60F) and a
10、 viscosity (seeSAE J313) of 13.5 to 24 centistokes at 100C (212F) as thecomparative testing media. It is understood that the resultsobtained from this practice are only directly applicable to No.2 fuel oil and SAE 90 lubricating oil for the tested concentra-tions and only careful interpolation or ex
11、trapolation, or both, isallowed to other hydrocarbons. Low viscosity or high densityhydrocarbons or hydrocarbons that contain a larger fraction ofhighly soluble compounds may need to be tested separately.NOTE 1No extrapolation outside the range of the tested influent oreffluent oil concentrations is
12、 allowed as performance may not be linear.Hence, to establish performance at a higher or lower concentration, theseparator shall be tested for that specific condition. In addition, linearitymust be established prior to using linear interpolation.1.9 Since regulations are based on effluent total hydr
13、ocar-bon content, this practice does not set forth any lower limits onoil particle size for the evaluation of separator efficiency.However, a standardized means for mixing oil and water shallbe specified to ensure repeatability. It must be noted howeverthat smaller particles, having a greater surfac
14、e area to volumeratio, rise at a slower rate than their larger counterparts. (GuideF933 requires that 20 % of all oil particles be smaller than orequal to 50 m and IMO MEPC 60 (30) does not mention anyparticle size requirements but asks the user to avoid emulsioncausing chemicals.)1.10 Although the
15、tests described in this practice intend tosimulate contaminated storm water run-off separation require-ments, they do not cover all possible applications. It is the end1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water andis the direct responsibility of D19.06 on Methods for Ana
16、lysis for OrganicSubstances in WaterCurrent edition approved May 1, 2011. Published June 2011. Originiallyapproved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D6104 97 (2003).DOI: 10.1520/D6104-97R11.2Ray E. Bolz and George L. Tuve, CRC Handbook of tables for AppliedEngineering Science,2ndEdi
17、tion, CRC Press, 1981.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.users responsibility to determine whether his separation re-quirements are within the scope of this practice.1.11 A product different from the general description
18、hereinmay be tested and found to be in compliance with theperformance criteria set forth.1.12 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI unitsare to be regarded as standard. Within the text, the inch-poundunits are shown in parentheses. The values stated in eachsystem are not exact equivalen
19、ts. Therefore, each system mustbe used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in nonconformance with this specifi-cation.1.13 This practice does not purport to address all theenvironmental hazards, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the u
20、ser of this standard to establish appro-priate environmentally responsible practices and to determinethe applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.14 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user
21、 of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed ConduitsD4281 Test Method for O
22、il and Grease (FluorocarbonExtractable Substances) by Gravimetric DeterminationD6157 Practice for Determining the Performance of Oil/Water Separators Subjected to a Sudden ReleaseF933 Guide for Evaluation of Oil Water Separation Systemsfor Spilled Oil Recovery Applications (Discontinued2001)42.2 EPA
23、 Standards:EPA-413.1 “Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water andWastes”, EPA 600/4-79-020, revised March 19835EPA-413.2 “Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water andWastes”, EPA 600/4-79-020, revised March 19835EPA-1664 H-Hexane Extractable Material (HEM) andSilica Gel Treated N-Hexane Extractable Mat
24、erial (SGT-HEM) by Extraction and Gravimetry (Oil and Grease andTotal Petroleum Hydrocarbons) EPA-821-B-94-004B,April 199552.3 SAE Standards:SAE J306 Axle and Manual Transmission Lubricant Vis-cosity Classification6SAE J313 Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice (R) Die-sel Fuels63. Terminology3.1 Def
25、initions: For definitions of terms used in this prac-tice, refer to Terminology D1129.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 calibrationthe certified evaluation of the accuracyof a measuring instrument as performed by its manufacturer oran independent licensed or accredited third p
26、arty.3.2.2 contaminated run-offrain water which has collectedoily contaminants from the surfaces it came in contact with andwhich may appear in the influent to a separator. Unlike arelease, the level of contamination in this case is much lower.3.2.3 effluentthe aqueous release from a separator.3.2.4
27、 flow totalizera counter, usually attached to a flowmeter, that evaluates the total volume of the fluid that hasflowed through over a given time period.3.2.5 influentthe oily aqueous input to a separator.3.2.6 oily dischargeany release of oily contaminants intothe environment that exceeds the allowa
28、ble limit.3.2.7 re-entrainmentthe condition in which the level ofcontamination of the effluent water of a separator containing oilis higher than the influent contamination level due to internalremixing. This definition usually applies to situations whereclean water passes through a separator that al
29、ready containshydrocarbons stored within and atop the water so as to form aninterface.3.2.8 releaseany sudden discharge of an oily substancefrom vessels that are specifically designed to store, contain, ortransfer oily products such as storage tanks, pipelines, dikedareas, and transfer equipment and
30、 which may appear in theinfluent to a separator.3.2.9 separatora flow through primary treatment devicethe primary purpose of which is to separate oil from water.4. Summary of Practice4.1 The practice evaluates a separators ability to reduce thetotal hydrocarbon content of contaminated run-off. For t
31、his, aninfluent is supplied at the separators rated flow for the selectedhydrocarbon content (either 350 or 1000 mg/L). The corre-sponding effluent hydrocarbon content is determined by ob-taining and analyzing grab samples.4.2 The practice also evaluates the effluent of a separator atrated oil stora
32、ge capacity in relation to a non-contaminatedinfluent and its corresponding rated flow in order to establishits re-entrainment characteristics.4.3 The data generated in this practice are considered validfor the separators tested only. However, the results of thesetests may be extrapolated to smaller
33、 or larger size separatorsprovided that applicable geometric and dynamic similitude aremaintained. Where the use of extrapolation is not applicable,that size unit must be subjected to testing.4.4 The flow rate for these tests must equal the manufactur-ers rated flow for the given separator at the gi
34、ven influentcontamination level and for the selected effluent peak contami-nation concentration.4.5 For the purpose of this test, the water temperatureshould be between 10C (50F) and 21.1C (70F) and the pHof the water between 6 and 9.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.o
35、rg, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.5Environmental Protection Agency
36、, 40 CFR Ch. 1 (7-1-95 Edition)6Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.D6104 97 (2011)25. Significance and Use5.1 The Clean Water Act promulgated the implementationof water quality standards and contamination limits for a widerange of pol
37、lutants including oil and grease. Specifically, theEPA prohibits “the discharges of oil that cause a film or sheenupon or cause discoloration of the surface of the water.”Several state and local agencies have adopted this statement inaddition to setting concentration limits, that is, 15 mg/Lor even5
38、 mg/L. The purpose of this practice is to evaluate theperformance of a separator in regards to the regulations anduser requirements.5.2 Another purpose of this practice is to establish that aseparator containing oil at its rated capacity would still becapable of meeting the above criteria when subje
39、cted torun-off.5.3 This practice is not applicable if the influent to aseparator contained a sudden release as much higher concen-trations would be expected. For this case, see Practice D6157.5.4 This practice is not applicable if the influent to aseparator is conveyed by a pumping means.5.5 The dat
40、a generated in this method is valid for theseparators tested only. The results of these tests may beextrapolated to smaller or larger size separators provided thatapplicable geometric and dynamic similitude are maintained.Where sound engineering method limits the use of extrapola-tion, that size uni
41、t must be subjected to testing.5.6 The flow rate for all the tests must equal the manufac-turers total rated flow for the given separator at a giveninfluent contamination level and for the selected effluent peakcontamination concentration.6. Test Set-Up and Apparatus6.1 Water SupplyThe water supply
42、can be either a watermain, a water reservoir and a pump, or an elevated storage tankcapable of providing the volume and flow rate of waternecessary for a test run as described in the procedure. If eithera storage tank or reservoir is used, the volume shall be at leastthree times the liquid volume of
43、 the separator.6.1.1 Flow Totalizer or Sight GlassThe water supplyshould be equipped with a calibrated means of indicating thetotal volume of water dispensed, that is, a flow totalizer or asight glass. The selected device should be within 5 % accuracy.6.1.2 Flow Rate IndicatorThe water supply must a
44、lso beequipped with a calibrated means of controlling and indicatingthe flow rate, that is, throttling valve and flow meter, orificeplates or, venturis. The means used for controlling the flow ratemust be capable of maintaining the flow within 5 % of thedesired value.6.2 Oil SupplyThe oil supply sho
45、uld be large enough tostore the quantity required for the larger concentration test andfor its entire duration. A minimum estimate could be based onthree separator liquid volumes.6.2.1 Flow Totalizer or Sight GlassThe oil storage tankshould be equipped with a calibrated sight glass or flowtotalizer.
46、 The selected device should be within 5 % accuracy.6.2.2 Flow Rate IndicatorThe oil supply should also beequipped with a calibrated means of controlling and indicatingthe flow rate, that is, throttling valve and flow meter, orificeplates or, venturis. The means used for controlling the flow ratemust
47、 be capable of maintaining the flow within 5 % of thedesired value.6.3 SeparatorA separator with an outlet pipe extendingfar enough to allow grab sampling as described in Test MethodD3370.6.4 MixerA means for mixing the hydrocarbons with thewater consisting of a commercially available horizontal PVC
48、pipe section with a minimum surface roughness of 0.000 15 cm(0.000 005 ft.) having a length of at least 20 diameters with oneend connected directly to the inlet of the separator. An oilinjection port shall be provided at the other end of the pipe andat its bottom portion and shall not extend into th
49、e pipe morethan one third its diameter in order to prevent stratification7.The pipe diameter shall be selected such that it runs full and ata Reynolds number, based on the hydraulic diameter, in excessof 70 000 and a velocity in excess of 1 m/s (3.28 ft/s). Theinjection port diameter shall be sized to provide, at the highertest concentration, an injection velocity approximately equal to1 m/s.6.5 Influent Sampling PortAn influent sampling port fortemperature and pH reading. (If on-line temperature and pHreaders are not available, a small samp
