1、Designation: D6104 97 (Reapproved 2017)1Standard Practice forDetermining the Performance of Oil/Water SeparatorsSubjected to Surface Run-Off1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6104; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the c
2、ase of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEThe Keywords Section was added editorially in December 2017.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the
3、 procedure, any necessary re-lated apparatus, and the sampling technique to be used indetermining the performance characteristics of oil/water sepa-rators subjected to contaminated run-off.1.2 This practice does not address the determination of theperformance characteristics of an oil/water separato
4、r subjectedto the sudden release of a relatively large quantity of hydro-carbons that may appear, in pure form or at high concentration,in the influent to the separator. In this case, refer to PracticeD6157.1.3 This practice does not address the determination of theperformance characteristics of an
5、oil/water separator subjectedto a mechanically emulsified influent such as provided by apump.1.4 This practice does not investigate the ability of theseparator to handle debris or suspended solids, that is, grit ortree leaves.1.5 While the effluent may meet code requirements for totaloil and grease
6、content, this practice does not address thepresence of soluble organics, that is, benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene, and zylene (BTEXs) which may be detected in theeffluent. It also does not make any provisions for the effects ofdetergents, surfactants, soaps, or any water soluble matter (thatis, salt
7、s), or any portion of an essentially insoluble matter thatmay be found in solution on separation. (Effects of certainwater soluble chemicals or solids may be investigated byadding them to the water at predetermined constant concentra-tions.)1.6 In order to estimate the effect of water temperature on
8、the performance of the separator, the tests described in thispractice must be performed at two water temperatures. Theselected temperatures must be at least 10C (18F) apart, withthe temperature ranging from a minimum of 0C (32F) to amaximum of 50C (122F).1.7 This practice does not make any provision
9、s for thevariation of pH or temperature during a test run. Refer toAppendix X1 for further detail.1.8 This practice can be used with a variety of hydrocar-bons. It adopts No. 2 fuel oil with a density2of 845 kg/m3(52.73 lbm/ft3) and a viscosity2of 1.9 to 4.1 centistokes at 40C(104F) and SAE 90 lubri
10、cating oil with a density2of 930kg/m3(58 lbm/ft3) at 15.5C (60F) and a viscosity (see SAEJ313) of 13.5 to 24 centistokes at 100C (212F) as thecomparative testing media. It is understood that the resultsobtained from this practice are only directly applicable to No.2 fuel oil and SAE 90 lubricating o
11、il for the tested concentra-tions and only careful interpolation or extrapolation, or both, isallowed to other hydrocarbons. Low viscosity or high densityhydrocarbons or hydrocarbons that contain a larger fraction ofhighly soluble compounds may need to be tested separately.NOTE 1No extrapolation out
12、side the range of the tested influent oreffluent oil concentrations is allowed as performance may not be linear.Hence, to establish performance at a higher or lower concentration, theseparator shall be tested for that specific condition. In addition, linearitymust be established prior to using linea
13、r interpolation.1.9 Since regulations are based on effluent total hydrocar-bon content, this practice does not set forth any lower limits onoil particle size for the evaluation of separator efficiency.However, a standardized means for mixing oil and water shallbe specified to ensure repeatability. I
14、t must be noted howeverthat smaller particles, having a greater surface area to volumeratio, rise at a slower rate than their larger counterparts. (GuideF933 requires that 20 % of all oil particles be smaller than orequal to 50 m and IMO MEPC 60 (30) does not mention anyparticle size requirements bu
15、t asks the user to avoid emulsioncausing chemicals.)1.10 Although the tests described in this practice intend tosimulate contaminated storm water run-off separation1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water andis the direct responsibility of D19.06 on Methods for Analysi
16、s for OrganicSubstances in WaterCurrent edition approved Dec. 15, 2017. Published January 2018. Originallyapproved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D6104 97 (2011).DOI: 10.1520/D6104-97R17E01.2Bolz, R. E., and Tuve, G. L., CRC Handbook of tables for Applied EngineeringScience, 2nd
17、Edition, CRC Press, 1981.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles fo
18、r theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1requirements, they do not cover all possible applications. It isthe end users responsibility to determine whether his separa-tion requirements a
19、re within the scope of this practice.1.11 A product different from the general description hereinmay be tested and found to be in compliance with theperformance criteria set forth.1.12 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconver
20、sions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-tion only and are not considered standard.1.13 This practice does not purport to address all theenvironmental hazards, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate environmental
21、ly responsible practices and to determinethe applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.14 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health,
22、and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.15 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of Internation
23、al Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed ConduitsD4281 Test Method for Oil and Grease (Fluor
24、ocarbon Ex-tractable Substances) by Gravimetric Determination(Withdrawn 2012)4D6157 Practice for Determining the Performance of Oil/Water Separators Subjected to a Sudden ReleaseF933 Guide for Evaluation of Oil Water Separation Systemsfor Spilled Oil Recovery Applications (Discontinued2001) (Withdra
25、wn 2001)42.2 EPA Standards:5EPA-413.1 “Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water andWastes,” EPA 600/4-79-020, revised March 1983EPA-413.2 “Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water andWastes,” EPA 600/4-79-020, revised March 1983EPA-1664 H-Hexane Extractable Material (HEM) and SilicaGel Treated N-Hexane
26、Extractable Material (SGT-HEM)by Extraction and Gravimetry (Oil and Grease and TotalPetroleum Hydrocarbons) EPA-821-B-94-004B, April19952.3 SAE Standards:6SAE J306 Axle and Manual Transmission Lubricant Viscos-ity ClassificationSAE J313 Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice (R) Die-sel Fuels3. Termin
27、ology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer toTerminology D1129.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 calibration, nthe certified evaluation of the accuracyof a measuring instrument as performed by its manufacturer oran independent licensed or
28、accredited third party.3.2.2 contaminated run-off, nrain water which has col-lected oily contaminants from the surfaces it came in contactwith and which may appear in the influent to a separator.Unlike a release, the level of contamination in this case is muchlower.3.2.3 effluent, nthe aqueous relea
29、se from a separator.3.2.4 flow totalizer, na counter, usually attached to a flowmeter, that evaluates the total volume of the fluid that hasflowed through over a given time period.3.2.5 influent, nthe oily aqueous input to a separator.3.2.6 oily discharge, nany release of oily contaminantsinto the e
30、nvironment that exceeds the allowable limit.3.2.7 re-entrainment, nthe condition in which the level ofcontamination of the effluent water of a separator containing oilis higher than the influent contamination level due to internalremixing. This definition usually applies to situations whereclean wat
31、er passes through a separator that already containshydrocarbons stored within and atop the water so as to form aninterface.3.2.8 release, nany sudden discharge of an oily substancefrom vessels that are specifically designed to store, contain, ortransfer oily products such as storage tanks, pipelines
32、, dikedareas, and transfer equipment and which may appear in theinfluent to a separator.3.2.9 separator, na flow through primary treatment devicethe primary purpose of which is to separate oil from water.4. Summary of Practice4.1 The practice evaluates a separators ability to reduce thetotal hydroca
33、rbon content of contaminated run-off. For this, aninfluent is supplied at the separators rated flow for the selectedhydrocarbon content (either 350 or 1000 mg/L). The corre-sponding effluent hydrocarbon content is determined by ob-taining and analyzing grab samples.4.2 The practice also evaluates th
34、e effluent of a separator atrated oil storage capacity in relation to a non-contaminatedinfluent and its corresponding rated flow in order to establishits re-entrainment characteristics.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceas
35、tm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.5Available from United States Environmental ProtectionAgency (EPA), WilliamJefferson Clinto
36、n Bldg., 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460,http:/www.epa.gov.6Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale,PA 15096, http:/www.sae.org.D6104 97 (2017)124.3 The data generated in this practice are considered validfor the separators tested only. However, the
37、results of thesetests may be extrapolated to smaller or larger size separatorsprovided that applicable geometric and dynamic similitude aremaintained. Where the use of extrapolation is not applicable,that size unit must be subjected to testing.4.4 The flow rate for these tests must equal the manufac
38、tur-ers rated flow for the given separator at the given influentcontamination level and for the selected effluent peak contami-nation concentration.4.5 For the purpose of this test, the water temperatureshould be between 10C (50F) and 21.1C (70F) and the pHof the water between 6 and 9.5. Significanc
39、e and Use5.1 The Clean Water Act promulgated the implementationof water quality standards and contamination limits for a widerange of pollutants including oil and grease. Specifically, theEPA prohibits “the discharges of oil that cause a film or sheenupon or cause discoloration of the surface of the
40、 water.”Several state and local agencies have adopted this statement inaddition to setting concentration limits, that is, 15 mg/Lor even5 mg/L. The purpose of this practice is to evaluate theperformance of a separator in regards to the regulations anduser requirements.5.2 Another purpose of this pra
41、ctice is to establish that aseparator containing oil at its rated capacity would still becapable of meeting the above criteria when subjected torun-off.5.3 This practice is not applicable if the influent to aseparator contained a sudden release as much higher concen-trations would be expected. For t
42、his case, see Practice D6157.5.4 This practice is not applicable if the influent to aseparator is conveyed by a pumping means.5.5 The data generated in this method is valid for theseparators tested only. The results of these tests may beextrapolated to smaller or larger size separators provided that
43、applicable geometric and dynamic similitude are maintained.Where sound engineering method limits the use ofextrapolation, that size unit must be subjected to testing.5.6 The flow rate for all the tests must equal the manufac-turers total rated flow for the given separator at a giveninfluent contamin
44、ation level and for the selected effluent peakcontamination concentration.6. Test Set-Up and Apparatus6.1 Water SupplyThe water supply can be either a watermain, a water reservoir and a pump, or an elevated storage tankcapable of providing the volume and flow rate of waternecessary for a test run as
45、 described in the procedure. If eithera storage tank or reservoir is used, the volume shall be at leastthree times the liquid volume of the separator.6.1.1 Flow Totalizer or Sight GlassThe water supplyshould be equipped with a calibrated means of indicating thetotal volume of water dispensed, that i
46、s, a flow totalizer or asight glass. The selected device should be within 5 % accuracy.6.1.2 Flow Rate IndicatorThe water supply must also beequipped with a calibrated means of controlling and indicatingthe flow rate, that is, throttling valve and flow meter, orificeplates or, venturis. The means us
47、ed for controlling the flow ratemust be capable of maintaining the flow within 5 % of thedesired value.6.2 Oil SupplyThe oil supply should be large enough tostore the quantity required for the larger concentration test andfor its entire duration. A minimum estimate could be based onthree separator l
48、iquid volumes.6.2.1 Flow Totalizer or Sight GlassThe oil storage tankshould be equipped with a calibrated sight glass or flowtotalizer. The selected device should be within 5 % accuracy.6.2.2 Flow Rate IndicatorThe oil supply should also beequipped with a calibrated means of controlling and indicati
49、ngthe flow rate, that is, throttling valve and flow meter, orificeplates or, venturis. The means used for controlling the flow ratemust be capable of maintaining the flow within 5 % of thedesired value.6.3 SeparatorA separator with an outlet pipe extendingfar enough to allow grab sampling as described in PracticesD3370.6.4 MixerA means for mixing the hydrocarbons with thewater consisting of a commercially available horizontal PVCpipe section with a minimum surface roughness of 0.00015 cm(0.000005 ft) having a length of at least 20 diamet
