1、Designation: D 6121 08An American National StandardStandard Test Method forEvaluation of Load-Carrying Capacity of Lubricants UnderConditions of Low Speed and High Torque Used for FinalHypoid Drive Axles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6121; the number immediately following the
2、 designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is commo
3、nly referred to as the L-37test.2This test method covers a test procedure for evaluatingthe load-carrying, wear, and extreme pressure properties of agear lubricant in a hypoid axle under conditions of low-speed,high-torque operation.1.2 This test method also provides for the running of the lowaxle t
4、emperature (Canadian) L-37 test. The procedure for thelow axle temperature (Canadian) L-37 test is identical to thestandard L-37 test with the exceptions of the items specificallylisted in Annex A6. The procedure modifications listed inAnnex A6 refer to the corresponding section of the standardL-37
5、test method.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,
6、if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warninginformation is given in Sections 4 and 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 AST
7、M Standards:3D 235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications2.2 Military Specification:4MIL-PRF-2105E Lubricating Oil, Gear, Multipurpose2.3 AGMA National S
8、tandard:5Nomenclature of Gear Tooth Failure Modes2.4 SAE Standard:6SAE J308 Information Report on Axle and Manual Trans-mission LubricantsSAE J2360 Lubricating Oil, Gear Multipurpose (Metric)Military Use3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 abrasive wear, non ring an
9、d pinion gears, removalof material from the operating surface of the gear caused bylapping of mating surfaces by fine particles suspended inlubricant, fuel, or air or imbedded in a surface.CRC Rating Manual No. 2173.1.2 adhesive wear, non ring and pinion gears, removalof material from the operating
10、surface of the gear caused byshearing of junctions formed between operating surfaces indirect metal-to-metal contact; sheared-off particles either re-main affixed to the harder of the mating surfaces or act as wearparticles between the surfaces. CRC Rating Manual No. 213.1.3 burnish, non ring and pi
11、nion gears, an alteration ofthe original manufactured surface to a dull or brightly polishedcondition. CRC Rating Manual No. 213.1.4 corrosion, nin final drive axles, a general alterationof the finished surfaces of bearings or gears by discoloration,accompanied by roughening not attributable to mech
12、anicalaction. CRC Rating Manual No. 211This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0.03 on Automotive Gear Lubricants adhesive wear; bearing failure; finaldrive axle; gear; gear failure; hyp
13、oid axle; L-37; lubricants;surface fatigueTABLE 1 Reference Oil Test Precision DataTransformed UnitsNOTEThese statistics are based on the L-37 Standard version test results obtained on Test Monitoring Center Reference Oils 1512, 1513, 152, and153 as of March 29, 2005. There are no statistics for the
14、 Canadian version test at this time.Legend:Si.p.= intermediate precision standard deviation,i.p. = intermediate precision,SR= reproducibility standard deviation, andR = reproducibility.Hardware Type Variable Si.p.i.p.ASRRALubrited Pinion ridging,B-ln(10.5-merit) 0.2612 0.7314 0.2719 0.7613Pinion rip
15、pling,B-ln(10.5-merit) 0.2341 0.6555 0.2341 0.6555Pinion wear, merit 0.548 1.534 0.589 1.649Pinion pitting/spalling,B-ln(10.5-merit) 0.4038 1.1306 0.4095 1.1466Non-lubrited Pinion ridging,B-ln(10.5-merit) 0.5323 1.4904 0.5323 1.4904Pinion rippling,B-ln(10.5-merit) 0.3480 0.9744 0.3480 0.9744Pinion w
16、ear, merit 0.694 1.943 0.694 1.943Pinion pitting/spalling,B-ln(10.5-merit) 0.4603 1.2888 0.4603 1.2888AThis value is obtained by multiplying the standard deviation by 2.8.BThis parameter is transformed using a natural log. When comparing two test results on this parameter, first apply this transform
17、ation to each test result. Compare theabsolute difference between the transformed results with the appropriate (intermediate precision or reproducibility) precision limit.D6121087ANNEXES(Mandatory Information)A1. THE ROLE OF THE ASTM TEST MONITORING CENTER (TMC)A1.1 The TMC is a nonprofit organizati
18、on located at 6555Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206. It is staffed to administerengineering studies; conduct laboratory visits; perform statis-tical analysis of test; to blend, store, and ship reference oils;and to provide associated administrative functions connectedwith the referencing and calibrati
19、on of various lubricant tests.The TMC maintains a close connection with test sponsors, testdevelopers, the surveillance panels, and the testing laborato-ries. The management of these functions is vested in the TestMonitoring Board, whose members are elected by Subcommit-tee D02.B0. The TMC operates
20、under the ASTM Charter andits associated bylaws and regulations, the bylaws of CommitteeD02 and Subcommittee D02.B0, and the Rules and Regula-tions of the Test Monitoring Board. The operating income ofthe TMC is obtained from fees levied on the reference oilssupplied and on the conduct of the calibr
21、ation tests. These feesare set by Subcommittee D02.B0 and are regularly reviewed.A1.2 Information LettersA1.2.1 It occasionally becomes necessary to change a testprocedure and to notify test laboratories of the change beforethe change can be considered by Subcommittee D02.B0 onAutomotive Lubricants
22、or Committee D02 on Petroleum Prod-ucts and Lubricants. In such a case, the TMC will issue anInformation Letter. Subsequently, prior to each semiannualCommittee D02 meeting, the accumulated Information Lettersare balloted in Subcommittee D02.B0. This ballot is reviewedat the Subcommittee D02.B0 meet
23、ing, and the actions taken arethen considered by Committee D02. In this way, theASTM dueprocess procedures are applied to the Information Letters.A1.2.2 The review of an Information Letter prior to itsoriginal issue will differ in accordance with its nature. In thecase of an Information Letter that
24、does not affect test results,such as notification of a part number change, the TMC isauthorized to issue an Information Letter. A survey or studyconducted by the Surveillance Panel resulting in a recommen-dation for a change in hardware or procedure may results in theissuance of an Information Lette
25、r. If an urgent change tohardware or procedure are obviously necessary, the test spon-sor and the TMC may issue an Information Letter and presentit for approval, with the background and data, for approval bythe Surveillance Panel prior to the next semiannual CommitteeD02 meeting.A1.2.3 Authority for
26、 the issue of Information Letters wasgiven by the Committee on Technical Committee Operations(COTCO) in 1984, as follows: “COTCO recognizes that D02has a unique and complex situation. The use of InformationLetters is approved provided that each letter (at its initial issue)contains a disclaimer to t
27、he effect that it has not obtainedASTM consensus. These Information Letters should be movedto such consensus as rapidly as possible.”A1.3 TMC MemorandaIn addition to the InformationLetter system, the TMC will provide information to theSurveillance Panel and to participating laboratories in the formo
28、f ASTM TMC memoranda. These are used to convey suchinformation as batch approvals for test parts or materials, toclarify misunderstandings concerning the test procedure, toprovide notes and suggestions for the collection and analysis ofspecial data that the TMC may call for, or for any other matters
29、having no direct effect on the test performance results orprecision and bias.A1.4 Precision DataOne measure of test precision isestablished on the basis of reference oils (calibration) testresults monitored by the ASTM TMC. Current data may beobtained from the TMC.D6121088A2. AXLE COVER EXAMPLEin. m
30、m in. mm116 1.6 1 25.438 9.5 258 66.778 22.2 312 88.9FIG. A2.1 Axle Cover ExampleD6121089A3. RIGID AXLE MOUNT EXAMPLEFIG. A3.1 Example of Rigid Axle Mount on Test StandD61210810A4. COVER PLATE TEMPERATURE SENSOR LOCATING DEVICEin. mm in. mm14 6.4 318 79.438 9.5 3516 84.112 12.7 4516 109.51116 27.0 4
31、1316 122.2112 38.1 478 123.81916 39.7 6316 157.2158 41.3 81764 209.911116 42.9 1058 269.9218 54.0 13 330.221516 76.6FIG. A4.1 Cover Plate Temperature Sensor Locating DeviceD61210811A5. AXLE COOLING SYSTEMFIG. A5.1 Location of Spray Nozzles on AxleD61210812FIG.A5.2AxleBoxCoverD61210813A6. TEST VERSIO
32、NS AND AXLE PART NUMBERSA6.1 Axle Used in TestTwo types of test axle are run inthis test.A6.1.1 Uncoated AxleDana Model 60, 5.86 ratio, stan-dard differential with uncoated ring gear and uncoated pinion,Part No. 060AA100-2.10Also referred to as plain or greenaxles.A6.1.2 Coated Axle (manganese phosp
33、hate coating)DanaModel 60, 5.86 ratio, standard differential with coated ring gearand coated pinion, Part No. 060AA100-4.10Also referred to aslubrited or lubrized axles.A6.2 Test VersionsThis test has four commonly usedversions. The test procedures and conditions described previ-ously in this test m
34、ethod will be referred to as the standardversion. All versions maintain the same test procedures, wheelload, and wheel speed conditions. The differences occur in theaxle oil temperature and axle type used. Table A6.1 describeseach version.A6.3 L-37 Canadian Version Test RequirementsA6.3.1 Calibratio
35、n Test Acceptance (see Section 9):A6.3.1.1 Calibration status of the L-37 Canadian Versiontest is determined by successfully calibrating a test standaccording to the L-37 Standard Version test requirementsdetailed in Section 9. In other words, a stand that is calibratedfor the L-37 Standard Version
36、test is automatically calibratedfor the L-37 Canadian Version test.A6.3.2 Apparatus:A6.3.2.1 Use five spray nozzles to distribute water over thecover late and axle housing as shown in Fig. A5.1. Actuate thewater control valves by the temperature PID control system(see 6.2.4.3).A6.3.2.2 Use two contr
37、ol valves to control the cooling watersupply. The control valves shall be a12 in. two-way, C lineartrim, air to close, Research Control valve. Use only one PIDloop to maintain axle lubricant temperature control (see6.2.4.3(2).A6.3.3 Test Procedure:A6.3.3.1 Operate the test as outlined in 10.1 throug
38、h 10.3 ofthe L-37 Standard Version test with the exceptions of thefollowing sections. The procedure modifications listed in thisannex refer to the corresponding section of the L-37 StandardVersion test.A6.3.3.2 Set the temperature control to maintain a lubricanttemperature of 220 6 3F (104.4 6 1.7C)
39、 (see 10.1.1).A6.3.3.3 At the end of the 100 min, set the temperaturecontrol to maintain a lubricant temperature of 200 6 3F (93.36 1.7C), close the throttle smoothly, shift transmission toneutral, and record ending time and temperature of the lubri-cant (see 10.1.7).A6.3.3.4 Ensure that the axle te
40、mperature control is still setto maintain a lubricant temperature of 200 6 3F (93.3 61.7C) (see 10.2.1).A6.3.4 Determination of Test ResultsWhen using thelubrited hardware, gear set V1L686/P4L626A, for non-reference oil tests, add a correction factor of 0.6065 to thepinion and ring transformed ridgi
41、ng test result (see 12.2.3.3).Record these results on Form 1 of the test report (see AnnexA7).A6.3.4.1 When using the lubrited hardware gear set L247/T758A, for non-reference oil tests, add a correction factor of0.5878 to the transformed pinion ridging test result and add acorrection factor of 0.734
42、0 to the transformed pinion pitting/spalling test result. Record these results on Form 1 of the testreport (see Annex A7).TABLE A6.1 Test VersionsA,BTestVersionGear Conditioning Gear Test PhaseAxle Type Axle Temperature Axle TemperatureStandard uncoated 297 6 3F (147.2 6 1.7C) 275 6 3F (135.0 6 1.7C
43、)Standard coated 297 6 3F (147.2 6 1.7C) 275 6 3F (135.0 6 1.7C)Canadian uncoated 220 6 3F (104.4 6 1.7C) 200 6 3F (93.3 6 1.7C)Canadian coated 220 6 3F (104.4 6 1.7C) 200 6 3F (93.3 6 1.7C)AAll versions use the same wheel speed, load conditions, and test procedures,which are described in Section 10
44、.BBoth Canadian test versions typically used for evaluation of 75W lubricants.D61210814A7. L-37 TEST REPORT FORMS and DATA DICTIONARYA7.1 The required report forms and data dictionary areavailable on the ASTM Test Monitoring Center web page athttp:/www.astmtmc.cmu.edu/, or they can be obtained inhar
45、dcopy format from the TMC.Form 0 Test Report CoverForm 1 Test Result Summary PageForm 2 Gear Tooth Surface ConditionForm 3 Operational Summary SheetForm 4 Operational Summary SheetForm 5 Operational Validity SummaryA8. TEST VALIDITY CALCULATION AND LIMITSA8.1 For a test to be operationally valid it
46、shall not exceedthe limits on unscheduled downtime and deviation from criticaloperating parameters.A8.2 Downtime LimitsA8.2.1 During the warm-ups of the gear conditioning andtest phases of the test, there is no limit on number ofoccurrences.A8.2.2 During the test, a maximum number of two down-time o
47、ccurrences are permitted in addition to the shutdownbetween the gear conditioning and gear test phases.A8.3 Deviation from Test Operating ParametersA8.3.1 Axle sump temperature, wheel speed, and wheeltorque are considered critical operating parameters for this testmethod.A8.3.2 The percent deviation
48、 of these parameters is calcu-lated as follows:% 5(abs amount out of specification!1/2 specification range(A8.1)3out of specification, htest length, h3 100A8.3.3 Areading out of specification using once-every-hourdata recording is considered to be out for the full hour unlessotherwise documented.A8.
49、3.4 The deviation percentages for the critical operatingparameters are shown in Table A8.1.A8.3.5 The test is considered invalid if the axle oil tempera-ture reaches 325F (162.7C) any time during the test.A8.3.6 Calculate axle oil temperature percent deviationafter 294F (145.6C) is reached for the gear conditioningphase.A9. GEAR RATING RULESA9.1 Additional descriptions have been developed to aidthe rater in accurately assessing the distress on the ring gearand pinion following the completion of the test. The definit
