1、Designation: D6121 09Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Load-Carrying Capacity of Lubricants UnderConditions of Low Speed and High Torque Used for FinalHypoid Drive Axles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6121; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
2、 oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the L-37test
3、.2This test method covers a test procedure for evaluatingthe load-carrying, wear, and extreme pressure properties of agear lubricant in a hypoid axle under conditions of low-speed,high-torque operation.1.2 This test method also provides for the running of the lowaxle temperature (Canadian) L-37 test
4、. The procedure for thelow axle temperature (Canadian) L-37 test is identical to thestandard L-37 test with the exceptions of the items specificallylisted in Annex A6. The procedure modifications listed inAnnex A6 refer to the corresponding section of the standardL-37 test method.1.3 The values stat
5、ed in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3.1 ExceptionsIn Table A9.1, the values stated in SIunits are to be regarded as standard. Also, no SI
6、unit isprovided where there is not a direct SI equivalent.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bil
7、ity of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warninginformation is given in Sections 4 and 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermi
8、ne Conformance with Specifications2.2 Military Specification:4MIL-PRF-2105E Lubricating Oil, Gear, Multipurpose2.3 AGMA National Standard:5Nomenclature of Gear Tooth Failure Modes2.4 SAE Standard:6SAE J308 Information Report on Axle and Manual Trans-mission LubricantsSAE J2360 Lubricating Oil, Gear
9、Multipurpose (Metric)Military Use3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 abrasive wear, non ring and pinion gears, removalof material from the operating surface of the gear caused bylapping of mating surfaces by fine particles suspended inlubricant, fuel, or air or imb
10、edded in a surface.CRC Rating Manual No. 2173.1.2 adhesive wear, non ring and pinion gears, removalof material from the operating surface of the gear caused byshearing of junctions formed between operating surfaces indirect metal-to-metal contact; sheared-off particles either re-main affixed to the
11、harder of the mating surfaces or act as wearparticles between the surfaces. CRC Rating Manual No. 213.1.3 burnish, non ring and pinion gears, an alteration ofthe original manufactured surface to a dull or brightly polished1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum
12、Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0.03 on Automotive Gear Lubricants adhesive wear; bearing failure; finaldrive axle; gear; gear failure; hypoid axle; L-37; lubricants;surface fatigueANNEXES(Mandatory Information)A1. THE ROLE OF THE ASTM TEST MONITORING CEN
13、TER (TMC)A1.1 The TMC is a nonprofit organization located at 6555Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206. It is staffed to administerengineering studies; conduct laboratory visits; perform statis-tical analysis of test; to blend, store, and ship reference oils;and to provide associated administrative functi
14、ons connectedwith the referencing and calibration of various lubricant tests.The TMC maintains a close connection with test sponsors, testdevelopers, the surveillance panels, and the testing laborato-ries. The management of these functions is vested in the TestMonitoring Board, whose members are ele
15、cted by Subcommit-tee D02.B0. The TMC operates under the ASTM Charter andits associated bylaws and regulations, the bylaws of CommitteeD02 and Subcommittee D02.B0, and the Rules and Regula-tions of the Test Monitoring Board. The operating income ofthe TMC is obtained from fees levied on the referenc
16、e oilssupplied and on the conduct of the calibration tests. These feesare set by Subcommittee D02.B0 and are regularly reviewed.A1.2 Information LettersA1.2.1 It occasionally becomes necessary to change a testprocedure and to notify test laboratories of the change beforethe change can be considered
17、by Subcommittee D02.B0 onAutomotive Lubricants or Committee D02 on Petroleum Prod-ucts and Lubricants. In such a case, the TMC will issue anInformation Letter. Subsequently, prior to each semiannualCommittee D02 meeting, the accumulated Information Lettersare balloted in Subcommittee D02.B0. This ba
18、llot is reviewedat the Subcommittee D02.B0 meeting, and the actions taken arethen considered by Committee D02. In this way, theASTM dueprocess procedures are applied to the Information Letters.A1.2.2 The review of an Information Letter prior to itsoriginal issue will differ in accordance with its na
19、ture. In thecase of an Information Letter that does not affect test results,such as notification of a part number change, the TMC isauthorized to issue an Information Letter. A survey or studyconducted by the Surveillance Panel resulting in a recommen-dation for a change in hardware or procedure may
20、 results in theissuance of an Information Letter. If an urgent change tohardware or procedure are obviously necessary, the test spon-sor and the TMC may issue an Information Letter and presentit for approval, with the background and data, for approval bythe Surveillance Panel prior to the next semia
21、nnual CommitteeD02 meeting.A1.2.3 Authority for the issue of Information Letters wasgiven by the Committee on Technical Committee Operations(COTCO) in 1984, as follows: “COTCO recognizes that D02has a unique and complex situation. The use of InformationLetters is approved provided that each letter (
22、at its initial issue)contains a disclaimer to the effect that it has not obtainedASTM consensus. These Information Letters should be movedto such consensus as rapidly as possible.”A1.3 TMC MemorandaIn addition to the InformationLetter system, the TMC will provide information to theSurveillance Panel
23、 and to participating laboratories in the formof ASTM TMC memoranda. These are used to convey suchinformation as batch approvals for test parts or materials, toclarify misunderstandings concerning the test procedure, toprovide notes and suggestions for the collection and analysis ofspecial data that
24、 the TMC may call for, or for any other mattershaving no direct effect on the test performance results orprecision and bias.A1.4 Precision DataOne measure of test precision isestablished on the basis of reference oils (calibration) testresults monitored by the ASTM TMC. Current data may beobtained f
25、rom the TMC.D6121 098A2. AXLE COVER EXAMPLEin. mm in. mm116 (1.6) 1 (25.4)38 (9.5) 258 (66.7)78 (22.2) 312 (88.9)FIG. A2.1 Axle Cover ExampleD6121 099A3. RIGID AXLE MOUNT EXAMPLEFIG. A3.1 Example of Rigid Axle Mount on Test StandD6121 0910A4. COVER PLATE TEMPERATURE SENSOR LOCATING DEVICEin. mm in.
26、mm14 (6.4) 318 (79.4)38 (9.5) 3516 (84.1)12 (12.7) 4516 (109.5)1116 (27.0) 41316 (122.2)112 (38.1) 478 (123.8)1916 (39.7) 6316 (157.2)158 (41.3) 81764 (209.9)11116 (42.9) 1058 (269.9)218 (54.0) 13 (330.2)21516 (76.6)FIG. A4.1 Cover Plate Temperature Sensor Locating DeviceD6121 0911A5. AXLE COOLING S
27、YSTEMin. mm38 (10)112 (42)3 (76)5 (127)718 (181)834 (222)914 (235)FIG. A5.1 Location of Spray Nozzles on AxleD6121 0912FIG. A5.2 Axle Box CoverD61210913A6. TEST VERSIONS AND AXLE PART NUMBERSA6.1 Axle Used in TestTwo types of test axle are run inthis test.A6.1.1 Uncoated AxleDana Model 60, 5.86 rati
28、o, stan-dard differential with uncoated ring gear and uncoated pinion,Part No. 060AA100-2.10Also referred to as plain or greenaxles.A6.1.2 Coated Axle (manganese phosphate coating)DanaModel 60, 5.86 ratio, standard differential with coated ring gearand coated pinion, Part No. 060AA100-4.10Also refer
29、red to aslubrited or lubrized axles.A6.2 Test VersionsThis test has four commonly usedversions. The test procedures and conditions described previ-ously in this test method will be referred to as the standardversion. All versions maintain the same test procedures, wheelload, and wheel speed conditio
30、ns. The differences occur in theaxle oil temperature and axle type used. Table A6.1 describeseach version.A6.3 L-37 Canadian Version Test RequirementsA6.3.1 Calibration Test Acceptance (see Section 9):A6.3.1.1 Calibration status of the L-37 Canadian Versiontest is determined by successfully calibrat
31、ing a test standaccording to the L-37 Standard Version test requirementsdetailed in Section 9. In other words, a stand that is calibratedfor the L-37 Standard Version test is automatically calibratedfor the L-37 Canadian Version test.A6.3.2 Apparatus:A6.3.2.1 Use five spray nozzles to distribute wat
32、er over thecover late and axle housing as shown in Fig. A5.1. Actuate thewater control valves by the temperature PID control system(see 6.2.4.3).A6.3.2.2 Use two control valves to control the cooling watersupply. The control valves shall be a12 in. two-way, C lineartrim, air to close, Research Contr
33、ol valve. Use only one PIDloop to maintain axle lubricant temperature control (see6.2.4.3(2).A6.3.3 Test Procedure:A6.3.3.1 Operate the test as outlined in 10.1 through 10.3 ofthe L-37 Standard Version test with the exceptions of thefollowing sections. The procedure modifications listed in thisannex
34、 refer to the corresponding section of the L-37 StandardVersion test.A6.3.3.2 Set the temperature control to maintain a lubricanttemperature of 220 6 3F (104.4 6 1.7C) (see 10.1.1).A6.3.3.3 At the end of the 100 min, set the temperaturecontrol to maintain a lubricant temperature of 200 6 3F (93.36 1
35、.7C), close the throttle smoothly, shift transmission toneutral, and record ending time and temperature of the lubri-cant (see 10.1.7).A6.3.3.4 Ensure that the axle temperature control is still setto maintain a lubricant temperature of 200 6 3F (93.3 61.7C) (see 10.2.1).A6.3.4 Determination of Test
36、ResultsWhen using thelubrited hardware, gear set V1L686/P4L626A, for non-reference oil tests, add a correction factor of 0.6065 to thepinion and ring transformed ridging test result (see 12.2.3.3).Record these results on Form 1 of the test report (see AnnexA7).A6.3.4.1 When using the lubrited hardwa
37、re gear set L247/T758A, for non-reference oil tests, add a correction factor of0.5878 to the transformed pinion ridging test result and add acorrection factor of 0.7340 to the transformed pinion pitting/spalling test result. Record these results on Form 1 of the testreport (see Annex A7).TABLE A6.1
38、Test VersionsA,BTestVersionGear Conditioning Gear Test PhaseAxle Type Axle Temperature Axle TemperatureStandard uncoated 297 6 3F (147.2 6 1.7C) 275 6 3F (135.0 6 1.7C)Standard coated 297 6 3F (147.2 6 1.7C) 275 6 3F (135.0 6 1.7C)Canadian uncoated 220 6 3F (104.4 6 1.7C) 200 6 3F (93.3 6 1.7C)Canad
39、ian coated 220 6 3F (104.4 6 1.7C) 200 6 3F (93.3 6 1.7C)AAll versions use the same wheel speed, load conditions, and test procedures,which are described in Section 10.BBoth Canadian test versions typically used for evaluation of 75W lubricants.D6121 0914A7. L-37 TEST REPORT FORMS and DATA DICTIONAR
40、YA7.1 The required report forms and data dictionary areavailable on the ASTM Test Monitoring Center web page athttp:/www.astmtmc.cmu.edu/, or they can be obtained inhardcopy format from the TMC.Form 0 Test Report CoverForm 1 Test Result Summary PageForm 2 Gear Tooth Surface ConditionForm 3 Operation
41、al Summary SheetForm 4 Operational Summary SheetForm 5 Operational Validity SummaryA8. TEST VALIDITY CALCULATION AND LIMITSA8.1 For a test to be operationally valid it shall not exceedthe limits on unscheduled downtime and deviation from criticaloperating parameters.A8.2 Downtime LimitsA8.2.1 During
42、 the warm-ups of the gear conditioning andtest phases of the test, there is no limit on number ofoccurrences.A8.2.2 During the test, a maximum number of two down-time occurrences are permitted in addition to the shutdownbetween the gear conditioning and gear test phases.A8.3 Deviation from Test Oper
43、ating ParametersA8.3.1 Axle sump temperature, wheel speed, and wheeltorque are considered critical operating parameters for this testmethod.A8.3.2 Calculate the percent deviation as follows:percent out 5(i 5 1nSMi0.5R3TiDD3 100 (A8.1)where:Mi = magnitude of test parameter out from specificationlimit
44、 at occurrence, i,R = test parameter specification range,Ti = length of time the test parameter was outside ofspecification range at occurrence, i,(Ti is assumed tobe no less than the recorded dtas-acquisition fre-quency unless supplemental readings are docu-mented), andD = test or test phase durati
45、on in same units as Ti.A8.3.3 Areading out of specification using once-every-hourdata recording is considered to be out for the full hour unlessotherwise documented.A8.3.4 The deviation percentages for the critical operatingparameters are shown in Table A8.1.A8.3.5 The test is considered invalid if
46、the axle oil tempera-ture reaches 325F (162.7C) any time during the test.A8.3.6 Calculate axle oil temperature percent deviationafter 294F (145.6C) is reached for the gear conditioningphase.A9. GEAR RATING RULESA9.1 Additional descriptions have been developed to aidthe rater in accurately assessing
47、the distress on the ring gearand pinion following the completion of the test. The definitionsdescribed in this annex supersede those found in CRC RatingManual 21 where applicable.A9.2 Severity LevelsA9.2.1 Document the most severe level for each individualdistress. Use the photographs in CRC Manual
48、21 as examples.A9.2.2 NoneAbsence of distress.A9.2.3 TraceBarely discernible, may need magnification(4x maximum).A9.2.4 LightDiscernible without magnification.A9.2.5 MediumEasily discernible, midway between lightand heavy.A9.2.6 HeavyIntense or severe (the severity level is suchthat the distress is
49、instantaneously recognizable).A9.3 Severity levels applied to distress types. When ratingthe following distresses types, the definitions described super-sede those found in CRC Rating Manual 21.A9.3.1 DiscolorationSeverity level definitions describedin A9.2.A9.3.2 Pitting/SpallingUse the numerical values pro-vided in Table A9.1 in accordance with the level of distress.A9.3.2.1 Spalling severity levels definitions described inA9.2.A9.3.3 RidgingSeverity level definitions described inA9.2.A9.3.4 Rippling
