1、Designation: D6140 00 (Reapproved 2014)Standard Test Method toDetermine Asphalt Retention of Paving Fabrics Used inAsphalt Paving for Full-Width Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6140; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adop
2、tion or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining theasphalt retention
3、 for paving fabrics. Paving fabrics are used ina fabric membrane interlayer system in pavements before theplacement of an asphaltic overlay.1.2 This test method shows the values in both SI units andinch-pound units. SI Units is the name for the system of metricunits known as the International System
4、 of Units. Inch-poundunits is the correct name for the customary units used in theUnited States. The values in inch-pound units are provided forinformation only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the us
5、er of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD3381/D3381M Specification for Viscosity-Graded AsphaltCement for Use in P
6、avement ConstructionD4439 Terminology for GeosyntheticsD4632/D4632M Test Method for Grab Breaking Load andElongation of Geotextiles3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 asphalt retention, nthe volume of asphalt cementretained by paving fabrics per unit area of specimen aftersubmersion in asphalt cemen
7、t.3.1.2 atmosphere for testing geotextiles, nair maintainedat a relative humidity of 50 to 70 % and a temperature of 21 62C (70 6 4F).3.1.3 paving fabrics, ngeotextile used for paving applica-tions.3.2 For definitions of other terms relating to geotextiles,refer to Terminology D4439. For definitions
8、 of other termsrelating to textiles, refer to Terminology D123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Test specimens are individually weighed prior to beingsubmerged in an asphalt cement that will be used for theoverlay. The asphalt cement is maintained at a specifiedtemperature. After submerging the specimen
9、s in the asphaltcement test, the specimens are hung to drain in the oven for aspecified period of time at the same oven temperature.4.2 Upon completion of specimen submersion in asphalt,and draining, the individual specimens are weighed and asphaltretention is determined.5. Significance and Use5.1 T
10、he asphalt retention is a test procedure for full-widthpaving fabrics. The use of this test method is to establish anindex value by providing standard criteria and a basis foruniform reporting.5.2 This procedure is applicable for testing conditionedspecimens (see 8.1). The results obtained may vary,
11、 dependingon which type of asphalt cement is used for the test. Unlessstated otherwise, use A.C. 20 as defined in SpecificationD3381/D3381M or equivalent asphalt cement.5.3 This procedure is applicable whenever it is desired todetermine an index asphalt retention of paving fabric.5.4 If it becomes n
12、ecessary for the purchaser and the sellerto use this test method for acceptance testing, the statisticalbias, if any, between the purchasers and sellers laboratoriesshould be determined. Such comparison is to be based onspecimens randomly drawn from the sample of geotextilebeing evaluated.1This test
13、 method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onGeosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.03 on Perme-ability and Filtration.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2014. Published January 2014. Originallyapproved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D614000
14、(2009).DOI: 10.1520/D6140-00R14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,
15、 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16. Apparatus6.1 Scale or Balance, with a capacity and sensitivity suffi-cient to weigh the specimens to within 60.1 g. The accuracy ofthe scale should be certified by a recognized authority.6.2 Cutting Die or Cuttin
16、g Template, measuring 100 by 200mm (4 by 8 in.) with a tolerance of 61mm(116 in.) in eachlinear dimension.6.3 Mechanical Convection Oven, capable of maintainingthe required test temperature within 62C (4F).6.4 Asphalt Cement, viscosity Grade A.C.20, or equivalent,as recommended by the specifying age
17、ncy.6.4.1 Asphalt cement should not be used for more than threeseries of tests. Repeated heating and cooling may change thetest results due to handling of the asphalt.NOTE 1Repeated heating and cooling of the asphalt can change theviscosity of the asphalt and lead to higher values of asphalt retenti
18、on. If anincreasing trend in asphalt retention values is observed the asphalt cementshould be changed.7. Sampling and Test Specimens7.1 As a lot sample for acceptance testing, take at randomthe number of rolls of fabric directed in an applicable materialspecification or other agreement between the p
19、urchaser and thesupplier. Consider rolls of fabric to be the primary samplingunits. If the specification requires sampling duringmanufacture, select the rolls for the lot sample at uniformlyspaced time intervals throughout the production period.7.2 Take for the laboratory sample, a sample extending
20、thefull width of the fabric of sufficient length along the selvagefrom each sample roll such that the requirements of 8.1 aremet. The sample shall exclude material from the outer wrap ofthe roll or the inner wrap around the core unless the sample istaken at the production site, at which point inner
21、and outerwrap material may be used.7.3 Test SpecimensCut four specimens in the cross-machine direction and four specimens in the machine directionfrom each sample.8. Conditioning8.1 Condition the specimens by bringing them to approxi-mate moisture equilibrium in the standard atmosphere fortesting.8.
22、1.1 Equilibrium is considered to have been reached whenthe increase in weight of the specimen in successive weighingmade at intervals of not less than 2 h does not exceed 0.1 % ofthe weight of the specimen.8.2 Paving fabrics that are not significantly affected byminor variations in atmospheric condi
23、tions may be tested inprevailing room atmospheres.8.3 If the samples cannot be properly conditioned in areasonable time with the facilities available, perform the testdeterminations on the material without conditioning. Whentests are carried out under conditions which vary from thestandard, report t
24、he actual conditions prevailing at the time oftest. It must be recognized that such results may not correspondwith the results obtained from testing specimens conditionedand tested in the standard atmosphere for testing.9. Preparation of Test Specimens9.1 Prepare the specimens in accordance with Tes
25、t MethodD4632/D4632M.10. Procedure10.1 Select at random four machine direction and fourcross-machine direction specimens measuring 100 by 200 mm(4 by 8 in.) from the individual test sample.10.2 Condition the individual test specimens in accordancewith 8.1, and then individually weigh to the nearest
26、0.1 g.10.3 Preheat asphalt cement to 135 6 2C (275 6 4F).10.4 Then submerge the individual test specimens in thespecified asphalt cement maintained at a temperature of 135 62C (275 6 4F) in a mechanical convection oven. Keep thespecimens submerged for 30 min. Two clamps may be placedon the fabric, o
27、ne on each end to facilitate handling thespecimen.10.5 After the required submersion, remove the asphaltcement-coated, saturated test specimens and hang to drain(long axis vertical) in the oven at 135 6 2C (275 6 4F).Hang the test specimens for 30 min from one end and then 30min from the other end t
28、o obtain a uniform saturation of thefabric. Before reversing the hanging direction, also place twoclamps on the bottom side which will make it easier to hang thespecimen. After securing the specimen, remove the firstclamps.10.6 Allow the asphalt cement-coated, saturated test speci-mens to cool for a
29、 minimum of 30 min and then trim anyexcess asphalt cement, such as edge drippings, after removingthe clamps that were holding the samples.10.7 Weigh the trimmed asphalt cement-coated, saturatedtest specimens to the nearest 0.1 g.NOTE 2It has been observed that this procedure may not result incomplet
30、e saturation of paving fabrics with a mass per unit area greaterthan about 170 g/m2(5 oz/yd2). For these fabrics the interior of thespecimens should be inspected visually for dry fibers, not coated withasphalt. If this condition is observed it should be reported with the testresults.11. Calculation1
31、1.1 Asphalt Retention, l/m2(gal/yd2)Calculate the aver-age of the asphalt retention observed for all acceptable testspecimens. Calculate the asphalt retention for individual testspecimens as follows:RA5Wsat2 WgAgwhere:RA= asphalt retention, l/m2,Wsat= weight of saturated test specimens, g,Wg= weight
32、 of geotextile test specimen before saturation,g,Ag= area of geotextile test specimen before test, m2, andD6140 00 (2014)2G = specific gravity of asphalt cement at 21C. g/l.NOTE 3If the specific gravity of the asphalt cement is not known, adefault specific gravity of 1 or 1000 g/l can be used.NOTE 4
33、To convert from l/m2to gal/yd2multiply by 0.221.12. Report12.1 Report the following information:12.1.1 The specimens were tested as directed in test methodD6140.12.1.2 Average value of four test specimens in the machinedirection.12.1.3 Average value of four test specimens in the cross-machine direct
34、ion.12.1.4 Average asphalt retention, l/m2(gal/yd2). (The aver-age of both 12.1.2 and 12.1.3 test results.)12.1.5 Any deviation from the described test method.12.1.6 The type or grade of asphalt cement used.NOTE 5If dimensional stability of the fabric is a concern, it can beevaluated by determining
35、change in area after the test. Remove all thewrinkles and flatten the specimen before checking the dimensions.13. Precision and Bias13.1 The precision of this test method is being established.13.2 This test method has no bias because the value ofasphalt retention can be defined only in terms of this
36、 testmethod.14. Keywords14.1 asphalt; full width; geosynthetic; geotextile; pavingasphalt; retentionASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that dete
37、rmination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or
38、 withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel tha
39、t your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints
40、(single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D6140 00 (2014)3
