1、Designation: D6158 16Standard Specification forMineral Hydraulic Oils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6158; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses ind
2、icates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers mineral and synthetic oils ofthe types API groups I, II, III, and IV used in hydraulicsystems, where the performance requirements dem
3、and fluidswith one of the following characteristics:1.1.1 A refined base oil or synthetic base stock (Class HH),1.1.2 A refined mineral base oil or synthetic base stock withrust and oxidation inhibitors (Class HL),1.1.3 A refined mineral base oil or synthetic base stock withrust and oxidation inhibi
4、tors plus anti-wear characteristics(Class HM),1.1.4 A refined mineral base oil or synthetic base stock withrust and oxidation inhibitors, anti-wear characteristics, andincreased viscosity index higher than 140 (Class HV),1.1.5 A refined mineral base oil or synthetic base stock withrust and oxidation
5、 inhibitors plus anti-wear characteristicsmeeting a higher performance level than an HM fluid toaddress higher demanding hydraulic systems (Class HMHP),and1.1.6 A refined mineral base oil with rust or synthetic basestock and oxidation inhibitors, anti-wear characteristics, andincreased viscosity ind
6、ex higher than 140 meeting a higherperformance level than an HV fluid to address higher demand-ing hydraulic systems (Class HVHP).1.2 This specification defines the requirements of mineraloil-based or synthetic-based hydraulic fluids that are compat-ible with most existing machinery components when
7、there isadequate maintenance.1.3 This specification defines only new lubricating oilsbefore they are installed in the hydraulic system.1.4 This specification defines specific types of hydraulicoils. It does not include all hydraulic oils. Some oils that are notincluded may be satisfactory for certai
8、n hydraulic applications.Certain equipment or conditions of use may permit or requirea wider or narrower range of characteristics than those de-scribed herein.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5.1 ExceptionIn
9、 X1.3.9 on Wear Protection, the valuesof pump pressure are in MPa, and the psi follows in brackets asa reference point immediately recognized by a large part of theindustry.1.6 The following safety hazard caveat pertains to the testmethods referenced in this specification. This standard doesnot purp
10、ort to address all of the safety concerns, if any,associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practicesand determine the applicability of regulatory limitation priorto use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D92 Test
11、 Method for Flash and Fire Points by ClevelandOpen Cup TesterD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-leum Products by Copper Strip TestD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dyn
12、amic Viscos-ity)D471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics ofInhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of WaterD892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of L
13、ubricat-ing OilsD943 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of InhibitedMineral OilsD974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator TitrationD1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or APIGravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-ucts by Hydrometer Method1This spec
14、ification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.N0 on Hydraulic Fluids.Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2016. Published February 2016. Originallyapproved in 1997. Last previous edition a
15、pproved in 2014 as D6158 14. DOI:10.1520/D6158-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary
16、of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D1401 Test Method for Water Separability of Petroleum Oilsand Synthetic FluidsD2070 Test Method for Thermal Stability of Hydraulic O
17、ilsD2270 Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kine-matic Viscosity at 40 and 100CD2422 Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Vis-cosity SystemD2619 Test Method for Hydrolytic Stability of HydraulicFluids (Beverage Bottle Method)D2983 Test Method for Low-Temperature Viscosity of L
18、u-bricants Measured by Brookfield ViscometerD3427 Test Method for Air Release Properties of Hydrocar-bon Based OilsD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4310 Test Method for Determination of Sludging andCorrosion Tendencies of Inhibited M
19、ineral OilsD5182 Test Method for Evaluating the Scuffing Load Ca-pacity of Oils (FZG Visual Method)D5950 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products(Automatic Tilt Method)D6080 Practice for Defining the Viscosity Characteristics ofHydraulic FluidsD6973 Test Method for Indicating Wear Characteri
20、stics ofPetroleum Hydraulic Fluids in a High Pressure ConstantVolume Vane PumpD7043 Test Method for Indicating Wear Characteristics ofNon-Petroleum and Petroleum Hydraulic Fluids in aConstant Volume Vane PumpD7752 Practice for Evaluating Compatibility of Mixtures ofHydraulic Fluids2.2 Other Standard
21、s:ISO 13357-1 Petroleum ProductsDetermination of theFilterability of Lubricating OilsPart 1: Procedure forOils in the Presence of Water3ISO 13357-2 Petroleum ProductsDetermination of theFilterability of Lubricating oilsPart 2: Procedure forDry Oils3DIN 51350-6 Testing of Shear Stability of Lubricati
22、ng OilsContaining Polymers4CEC L-45-A-99 Viscosity Shear Stability of TransmissionLubricants (KRL Taper Roller Bearing Rig)53. Classification3.1 Type HH Hydraulic OilsNon-inhibited refined mineraloils or synthetic base stock for hydraulic systems that do nothave specific requirements of oxidation st
23、ability, rustprotection, or anti-wear properties. Type HH oils are usuallyintended for total loss systems or very light-duty equipment.3.2 Type HL Hydraulic OilsRefined mineral oils or syn-thetic base stock with improved rust protection and oxidationstability for hydraulic systems where relatively h
24、igh tempera-tures and long periods of operation time are expected, andwhere there is the possibility of water or humidity that couldrust metal parts of the machinery. These oils are intended foruse in systems where no metal-to-metal contact is expectedbetween the moving parts. Usually, systems worki
25、ng at lowpressures specify HL oils. Some high-pressure piston pumpscan operate satisfactorily on these oils.3.3 Type HM Hydraulic OilsOils of HL type with im-proved anti-wear properties, for general hydraulic systems,especially for those working at high pressures and where thepossibility of metal-to
26、-metal contact between the moving partsexists. Type HM oils are usually specified for hydraulicsystems with vane pumps, or when the system is intended towork at maximum pump capacity for long periods of time.3.4 Type HV Hydraulic OilsOils of HM type with im-proved viscosity/temperature properties, f
27、or general hydraulicsystems where equipment is intended to operate over a widerange of ambient temperatures.3.5 Type HMHP Hydraulic OilsOils of HM meeting ahigher performance level to meet the changing needs ofhydraulic systems, especially for those working at high pres-sures and temperatures intend
28、ed to work at maximum pumpcapacity for long periods of time.3.6 Type HVHP Hydraulic OilsOils of HMHP type withimproved viscosity/temperature properties, for more demand-ing hydraulic systems where equipment is intended to operateover a wide range of ambient temperatures.4. Classification Requirement
29、s4.1 Type HHThe requirements for this type of oil arepresented in Table 1 and include Viscosity Grades ISO VGfrom 10 to 150, in accordance with Classification D2422.4.2 Type HLThe requirements for this type of oil arepresented in Table 2 and include Viscosity Grades ISO VGfrom 10 to 150, in accordan
30、ce with Classification D2422.4.3 Type HMThe requirements for this type of oil arepresented in Table 3 and include Viscosity Grades ISO VGfrom 10 to 150, in accordance with Classification D2422.4.4 Type HVThe requirements for this type of oil arepresented in Table 4 and include Viscosity Grades ISO V
31、Gfrom 10 to 150, in accordance with Classification D2422.4.5 Type HMHPThe requirements for this type of oil arepresented in Table 5 and include Viscosity Grades ISO VGfrom 22 to 150 in accordance with Classification D2422.4.6 Type HVHPThe requirements for this type of oil arepresented in Table 6 and
32、 include Viscosity Grades ISO VGfrom 22 to 150 in accordance with Classification D2422.5. Inspection5.1 Inspection of the material shall be agreed upon betweenthe purchaser and the supplier.6. Packaging and Package Marking6.1 The material shall be suitably packaged to permitacceptance by the carrier
33、 and to afford adequate protection3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from Deutsches Institut fr Normung e.V.(DIN), Am DIN-Platz,Burggrafenstrasse 6, 10787 Berlin, Germany, http:/www.din.de.5Availab
34、le from Coordinating European Council (CEC), Services provided byKellen Europe, Avenue Jules Bordet 142 - 1140, Brussels, Belgium, http:/www.cectests.org.D6158 162TABLE1RequirementsforTypeHHMineralOilorSyntheticBaseStockHydraulicFluidsTestMethodPropertiesASTM(Other)ParametersLimitsPhysical:ISO-visco
35、sitygradeD2422101522324668100150ViscosityD445kinematicviscosityat40C,mm2/s9.011.013.516.519.824.228.835.241.450.661.274.890.0110135165Viscosity,#750mPasD2983temperature,CreportreportreportreportreportreportreportreportViscosityindexD2270reportreportreportreportreportreportreportreportSpecificgravity
36、D1298AreportreportreportreportreportreportreportreportAppearanceVisualclearandbrightclearandbrightclearandbrightclearandbrightclearandbrightclearandbrightclearandbrightclearandbrightFlashpointD92temperature,C,min125145165175185195205215PourpointD97Btemperature,C,max1512966666Chemical:AcidnumberD974/
37、D664KOH,mg/g,max0.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.05Performance:ElastomercompatibilityD471100C1C288h2hNBR-1Elastomerrelativevolumechange,percentreportreport0to150to120to120to100to100to10changeinShoreAhardness, ratingreportreport0to80to70to70to60to60to6ATestMethodD4052canalsobeused.BTestMethodD5950canals
38、obeused.D6158 163TABLE2RequirementsforTypeHLMineralOilorSyntheticBaseStockHydraulicFluids(RustandOxidation)TestMethodPropertiesASTM(Other)ParametersLimitsPhysical:ISO-viscositygradeD2422101522324668100150ViscosityD445kinematicviscosityat40C,mm2/s9.011.013.516.519.824.228.835.241.450.661.274.890.0110
39、135165Viscosity,#750mPasD2983temperature,C,max3323158241016ViscosityindexD2270min9090909090909090SpecificgravityD1298AreportreportreportreportreportreportreportreportAppearancevisual, at20Cclearandbrightclearandbrightclearandbrightclearandbrightclearandbrightclearandbrightclearandbrightclearandbrigh
40、tFlashpointD92temperature,C,min125145165175185195205215PourpointD97Btemperature,C,max3324211815121212Chemical:AcidNumberD974/D664KOH,mg/greportreportreportreportreportreportreportreportPerformance:RustpreventionD665ACvisualevaluationpassorfailpasspasspasspasspasspasspasspassD665BCvisualevaluationpas
41、sorfailpasspasspasspasspasspasspasspassCorrosionD130coppercorrosion,3hat100C,visual,max22222222WaterseparationD1401time(mins)to3mLemulsionat54C,max303030303030.time(mins)to3mLemulsionat82C,max.6060ElastomercompatibilityD471100C1C288h2hNBR-1Elastomerrelativevolumechange,percentreportreport0to150to120
42、to120to100to100to10changeinShoreAhardness,ratingreportreport0to80to70to70to60to60to6FoamD892SequenceI,tendency/stability,mL,max150/0150/0150/0150/0150/0150/0150/0150/0SequenceII,tendency/stability,mL,max75/075/075/075/075/075/075/075/0SequenceIII,tendency/stability,mL,max150/0150/0150/0150/0150/0150
43、/0150/0150/0AirreleaseD3427time,mins.at50C,max55551010.time,mins.at75C.reportreportOxidationstabilityD943timeforKOHacidnumberof2mg/kg,h,min10001000100010001000100010001000SludgetendencyD4310totalinsolublesludge,mg,max200200200200200200200200copperinoil/water/sludge,mgreportreportreportreportreportre
44、portreportreportThermalstabilityD2070copperappearance,visualmaxreportreportreport555reportreportsteelappearance,visualmaxreportreportreport222reportreportsludge,mg/100mL,maxreportreportreport252525reportreportATestMethodD4052canalsobeused.BTestMethodD5950canalsobeused.CTestMethodD665soaktimeis24h.D6
45、158 164TABLE3RequirementsforTypeHMMineralOilorSyntheticBaseStockHydraulicFluids(Anti-wear)TestMethodPropertiesASTM(Other)ParametersLimitsPhysical:ISO-viscositygradeD2422101522324668100150ViscosityD445kinematicviscosityat40C,mm2/s9.011.013.516.519.824.228.835.241.450.661.274.890.0110135165Viscosity#7
46、50mPasD2983temperature,C,max332315(8)241016ViscosityindexD2270min9090909090909090SpecificgravityD1298AreportreportreportreportreportreportreportreportAppearanceVisual,at20CclearandbrightclearandbrightclearandbrightclearandbrightclearandbrightclearandbrightclearandbrightclearandbrightFlashpointD92tem
47、perature,C,min125145165175185195205215PourpointD97Btemperature,C,max3324211815121212Chemical:AcidnumberD974/D664KOH,mg/greportreportreportreportreportreportreportreportPerformance:RustpreventionD665ACvisualevaluation,passorfailpasspasspasspasspasspasspasspassD665BCvisualevaluation,passorfailpasspass
48、passpasspasspasspasspassCorrosionD130coppercorrosion,3hat100C,visual,max22222222WaterseparabilityD1401time(mins)to3mLemulsion303030303030.maxat54Ctime(mins)to3mLemulsion.6060maxat82CElastomercompatibilityD471100C1C288h2hNBR-1Elastomerrelativevolumechange,percentreportreport0to150to120to120to100to100
49、to10changeinShoreAhardness,ratingreportreport0to80to70to70to60to60to6FoamD892SequenceItendency/stabilitymLmax150/0150/0150/0150/0150/0150/0150/0150/0SequenceIItendency/stabilitymLmax75/075/075/075/075/075/075/075/0SequenceIIItendency/stabilitymLmax150/0150/0150/0150/0150/0150/0150/0150/0AirreleaseD3427time(mins)at50C,max55551013.time(mins)at75C.reportreportOxidationstabilityD943timeforKOHacidnumberof2mg/kg,h,min
