1、Designation: D 6166 08Standard Test Method forColor of Naval Stores and Related Products (InstrumentalDetermination of Gardner Color)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6166; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、 revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determinationof the color of clear, yellow/brown, liqu
3、id materials using colormeasuring instruments. The results may be invalid if othermaterials are used. The test uses the Gardner color scaledescribed in Test Method D 1544. This test method applies tonaval stores products including tall oil, tall oil fatty acids,rosin, and related products.1.2 The va
4、lues stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, problems associated with its use. It isthe responsibility of the user of this standard to establishapprop
5、riate safety and health practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1544 Test Method for Color of Transparent Liquids(Gardner Color Scale)E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE 308 P
6、ractice for Computing the Colors of Objects byUsing the CIE SystemE 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Summary of Test Method3.1 The color of a liquid sample is measured using aninstrument capable of measuring transmitted color and repor
7、t-ing in Gardner colors or in a color system that can be convertedto Gardner colors.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method provides a more precise way ofmeasuring Gardner color than described in Test MethodD 1544. It is applicable to naval stores products having colorsfrom Gardner 1 to Gardner
8、18. The Gardner scale is notapplicable to materials with colors lighter than 1 or darker than18.5. Apparatus5.1 An instrument capable of measuring transmitted colorand reporting the results in the Gardner color scale described inTest Method D 1544. If such an instrument is not available, onemay be u
9、sed which is capable of measuring transmitted colorand reporting in tristimulus values or chromaticity coordinatesusing standard illuminant C and the 2 observer, described inPractice E 308.5.2 Glass Cuvets, 10mm path length, unless a differentpath length is specified by the manufacturer, or5.3 Glass
10、 Tubes, clear. Standard Gardner tubes, as describedin Test Method D 1544, or other glass tubes designed for aspecific instrument may be used. Gardner tubes may provideless accuracy than glass cuvets and should be used only whena decrease in accuracy is acceptable. Glass cuvets should beused for refe
11、ree situations.6. Calibration and Standardization6.1 Calibrate the instrument following the manufacturersrecommendations.6.1.1 Test sample preparation for rosin and rosin deriva-tives.6.1.1.1 As most rosins and rosin derivatives are solids it isnecessary to introduce a molten sample into the tube or
12、 cuvet.6.1.1.2 If the sample is available in molten form the testsample should be poured into the cuvet or tube and the colormeasured while the rosin is still molten.6.1.1.3 If the sample is in solid form it has to be melted inorder to be introduced into the tube or cuvet. The sample to betested sha
13、ll consist of freshly broken lumps and free of dust andfinely divided material. Select a quantity at least twice thatnecessary required to fill the test tubes or cuvets and melt it ina clean container using an oven, hot plate, heat gun, sand bathor oil bath taking care to avoid overheating. Stir slo
14、wly1This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.34 on Naval Stores.Current edition approved July 1, 2008. Published July 2008. Originally approvedin 1997. Last previous editi
15、on approved in 2003 as D 6166 - 97 (2003).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM Int
16、ernational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.avoiding the formation of bubbles. Melt the sample completely,but do not heat it above the temperature necessary for thesample to pour readily. The time from the beginning of heatingto the pouring of the
17、sample should not exceed 15 min. Pourthe molten test sample into the cuvet or tube and measure thecolor while the rosin is still molten.7. Procedure7.1 Taking care not to touch the measurement area of thesample cell, fill a clean tube or cuvet with the material to betested. If the material is cloudy
18、, first filter it.7.2 Insert the glass tube or cuvet in the instrument andmeasure the color, following the manufacturers recommendedprocedure.8. Report8.1 Report the color in Gardner color units to a tenth of aGardner unit as given by the instrument or as calculated by themethod in the appendix. Not
19、e if the material was filtered.9. Precision and Bias39.1 Interlaboratory Test ProgramAn interlaboratorystudy of the color of three materials was run in 1996. Each of13 laboratories tested each of the three materials. The design ofthe experiment, similar to that of Practice E 691 and awithin-between
20、analysis of the data are given in ASTMResearch Report.9.2 Test ResultThe precision information given below forGardner color is for the comparison of three test results, eachof which is the average of three test determination as follows:9.2.1 Repeatability Limit, 95 % (within laboratory) = 0.06Gardne
21、r units.9.2.2 Reproducibility Limit, 95 % (between laboratories) =0.50 Gardner units.9.3 These terms (repeatability limit and reproducibilitylimit) are used as specified in Practice E 177. The respectivestandard deviations among test results, related to the abovenumbers by the factor of 2.8, are as
22、follows:9.3.1 Repeatability standard deviation = 0.02 Gardner units.9.3.2 Reproducibility standard deviation = 0.18 Gardnerunits.9.4 BiasSince there is no accepted reference materialsuitable for determining the bias for the procedures in this testmethod, bias has not been determined.10. Keywords10.1
23、 instrumental Gardner color; rosin; tall oil; tall oil fattyacidsAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. CALCULATING GARDNER COLOR FROM CHROMATICITY COORDINATESX1.1 For instruments reporting in tristimulus values orchromaticity coordinates, measure the tristimulus values orchromaticity coordinates usi
24、ng 10mm cuvets or standardGardner tubes. Sample cells with larger or smaller path lengthswill produce tristimulus values and chromaticity coordinatesthat will not convert, using Table X1.1, to the true Gardnercolor of the test material.X1.2 Record the tristimulus values X, Y, Z, or the chroma-ticity
25、 coordinates x, y, Y for the test material.X1.3 If the instrument reports tristimulus values, convertthem to chromaticity coordinates using the procedure inPractice E 308.X1.4 The Gardner value of the test material is determinedas follows:GTM5 GI1 GF(X1.1)where:GTM= the Gardner color of the test mat
26、erial,GI= the integer portion of the test materials Gardnercolor value, andGF= the fractional portion of the Gardner color value.X1.5 By comparing the x-chromaticity coordinate of thetest material with the x-chromaticity coordinate in Table 1 ofTest Method D 1544, determine the integer portion of th
27、e testmaterials Gardner color using the relationship as follows:3Supporting data are available from ASTM International Headquarters. RequestRR:D011106.TABLE X1.1 Chromaticity Coordinates of Gardner ColorsAGardner color x y Y1 0.3177 0.3303 802 0.3233 0.3352 793 0.3329 0.3452 764 0.3437 0.3644 755 0.
28、3558 0.3840 746 0.3767 0.4061 717 0.4044 0.4352 678 0.4207 0.4498 649 0.4343 0.4640 6110 0.4503 0.4760 5711 0.4842 0.4818 4512 0.5077 0.4638 3613 0.5392 0.4458 3014 0.5646 0.4270 2215 0.5857 0.4089 1616 0.6047 0.3921 1117 0.6290 0.3701 618 0.6477 0.3521 4ASee Test Method D 1544.D6166082GI5 Gn, where
29、: xn#xTM, xn11(X1.2)where:Gn= the Gardner color value which is lighter than thetest material,xn= the x chromaticity coordinate of the Gardner colorvalue which is lighter than the test material,xTM= the x chromaticity coordinate of the test material,andxn+1= the x chromaticity coordinate of the Gardn
30、er colorvalue which is darker than the test material.X1.6 Calculate the fractional portion of the test materialsGardner color as follows:GF5xn11 xn!xTM xn! 1 yn11 yn!yTM yn!xn11 xn!21 yn11 yn!2(X1.3)where:yn= the y chromaticity coordinate of theGardner color value which is lighterthan the test mater
31、ial,yTM= the y chromaticity coordinate of thetest material, andyn+1= the y chromaticity coordinate of theGardner color value which is darkerthan the test material.xn,xn+1, and xTM= definition of Eq X1.3.Example 1. For a test material with chromaticity coordinatesof xTM= 0.3685, yTM= 0.3998. From Tab
32、le X1.1, xTMisbetween the chromaticity coordinates for Gardner color values5 and 6, therefore GI= 5 andGF50.3767 0.3558!0.3685 0.3558! 1 0.4061 0.3840!0.3998 0.3840!0.3767 0.3558!21 0.4061 0.3840!2(X1.4)soGF5 0.7 (X1.5)andGTM5 5.7ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any pa
33、tent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revisio
34、n at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your com
35、ments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyright
36、ed by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D6166083
