ASTM D6172-1998(2010) 6875 Standard Test Method for Determining the Volume of Bulk Materials Using Contours or Cross Sections Created by Direct Operator Compilation Using Photogram.pdf
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1、Designation: D6172 98 (Reapproved 2010)Standard Test Method forDetermining the Volume of Bulk Materials Using Contoursor Cross Sections Created by Direct Operator CompilationUsing Photogrammetric Procedures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6172; the number immediately following t
2、he designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers
3、 procedures concerning sitepreparation, technical procedures, quality control, and equip-ment to direct the efforts for determining volumes of bulkmaterial. These procedures include practical and acceptedmethods of volumetric determination.1.2 This test method allows for only two volume computa-tion
4、 methods.1.2.1 Contour Test MethodSee 8.1.1 and 9.1.1.2.2 Cross-Section Test MethodSee 8.1.2 and 9.21.2.3 This test method requires direct operator compilationfor both contours and cross-section development.1.2.4 The use of Digital Terrain Model software and proce-dures to create contours or cross s
5、ections for volume calcula-tion is NOT encompassed in this test method.NOTE 1Atask group has been established to develop a test method forDigital Terrain Modeling (DTM) procedures. It will address all knowndata collection procedures such as conventional ground survey, photo-grammetry, geodetic posit
6、ioning satellite (GPS), and so forth.1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, theSI units are shown in parentheses. The values stated in eachsystem are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system is usedindependently of
7、 the other. Combining values from the twosystems can result in nonconformance with the specification.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and hea
8、lth practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Terminology2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:2.1.1 base mapa map showing the soil surface of a siteused for material storage including control monument locationsand values and surface elevations
9、.2.1.2 calibration forms/reportsequipment calibrationsperformed by federal agencies or equipment manufacturers.2.1.3 check panela target used for the sole purpose ofmarking a point on the surface of the stockpile whose value isused to verify the setup of the stereo model.2.1.4 check pointtargeted po
10、ints within the stockpile areafor the purpose of checking the accuracy of the photogramme-try. Elevations are established by ground surveying at thesepoints. Points should be evenly spaced at various differentelevations in the stockpile.2.1.5 ground controlsurveyor provided xyz values oftargets or s
11、pecific points near the project area necessary toscale and level the stereo model.2.1.6 monumenta ground control point used to be areference position of survey values.2.1.7 peripheral materialmaterial existing within the sitethat is above the recognized base and outside of the obviousstockpile perim
12、eter.2.1.8 stereo modelthe overlapping area covered by twoadjacent aerial photographs used to create measurement obser-vation.2.1.9 stereo operatora person who is trained and compe-tent to make quality measurement observations from aerialphotographs, using a stereo instrument, for the purpose ofcrea
13、ting volume computations.2.1.10 stereo report forma formal document that displayspertinent information required to evaluate and reestablish thestereo model setup parameters.2.1.11 sweepsrepetitive traverse of a pile, by equipment,to create a cleaner geometric shape.2.1.12 targeta geometric shape of
14、contrasting color usedto mark a ground feature such as a monument, or check pointthat otherwise would not be visible on the aerial photograph.2.1.13 topographic mapa drawing that uses contours todefine graphically the shape of a surface.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D
15、05 on Coaland Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.07 on PhysicalCharacteristics of Coal.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2010. Published January 2011. Originallypublished approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2004 asD617298(2004). DOI: 10.1520/D6172-98R10.1Copyri
16、ght ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3. Summary of Test Method3.1 Contour Test MethodThe contour test method is thehorizontal slice method of determining volume. After creatinga new contour map of the pile, the cubic volume is co
17、mputedby averaging the areas of adjacent contours and multiplying bythe vertical distance between them. See 9.1.3.2 Cross-Section Test MethodThe cross-section testmethod is the vertical slice method of determining volume.Using elevations obtained in parallel lines across the surfaceand base of the p
18、ile the cubic volume is computed by averagingthe areas of adjacent cross sections and multiplying by thehorizontal distance between them. See 9.2.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method audits the volume of material in astockpile and is used with a density value to calculate a tonnagecalculation
19、 value used to compare the book value to thephysical inventory results. This test method is used to deter-mine the volume of coal or other materials in a stockpile.5. Required Preproject Setup Data5.1 The following information is required from the owner toconduct and evaluate the work effort properl
20、y:5.1.1 Geographic location,5.1.2 Report completion date,5.1.3 Date, time, and preflight notification procedure,5.1.4 Size of overall stock area (length, width, height, andapproximate volume),5.1.5 Configuration (clean or rough),5.1.6 Type of base map (grid, flat, or contour),5.1.7 Number of piles a
21、nd separate computations required,including the approximate number of surge piles and peripheralmaterial computations,5.1.8 The location of the pile in relation to cooling towersand stacks,5.1.9 The basic ground control configuration or who willestablish required control,5.1.10 The placement of cont
22、rol and check panels andresponsibility for placement,5.1.11 The number of photographs, maps, and computationsrequired by the owner as the final report.6. Apparatus6.1 Aircraft, fixed wing equipped for aerial photographymissions and carrying a Code One Air Space Avionics.6.2 Aerial camera, first orde
23、r, precision, cartographic cam-era for obtaining photography usable for mapping and havinga U.S. Geologic Survey calibration report date within the lastthree years.6.3 Stereo-plotting instrument, optic train analog, or ana-lytical instrument equipped with encoders and interfaced witha three-axis dig
24、itizer, computer collection with storage capa-bility, having a certificate of calibration less than three yearsold, issued by a manufacturer trained technician. When thecross section is used, the instrument shall have an electronic ormechanical cross-section guide device that locks the operatoron sp
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