1、Designation: D 6197 99 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Test Method forClassifying and Counting Faults in Spun Yarns in ElectronicTests1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6197; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revi
2、sion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the classifying and counting offaults in spun yarns using capacitance teste
3、rs.1.1.1 Protruding fibers or yarn hairiness, or both, are notdetermined as part of this method.NOTE 1For measuring protruding fibers or hairiness, or both, refer toGuide D 5647.1.2 This test method provides for grading yarns by faultlevel and type.1.3 This test method is applicable to all single or
4、 plied spunyarns from natural or manufactured fibers or blends of each.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard; the values in inch-pound units are provided asinformation only and are not exact equivalents.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns
5、, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 225
6、8 Practice for Sampling Yarn for TestingD 5647 Guide to Measuring Hairiness of Yarns by thePhoto-Electric Apparatus3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 spun yarn, nin a staple system, a continuous strandof fibers held together by some binding mechanism.3.1.2 yarn fault, nin textile strands, a change
7、in thicknesssufficient to be visible to the normal human eye.3.1.2.1 DiscussionIn this test method, a visible change inthickness, such as an abnormal thick or thin place in the yarnresulting in a large change in yarn diameter or any foreignmatter affixed to or spun into the yarn, such as a nep, isco
8、nsidered to be a fault. Thick faults are reported as eithermajor or minor depending on the combination of length anddiameter. The most accepted criterion for major faults (infre-quent thick places) is 250 to 400 % larger than yarn diameterand 20 to 40- mm (0.8 to 1.5-in.) long . The minor faults(fre
9、quent thick places) are 100 to 150 % larger than yarndiameter and 1.0 to 40-mm (0.04 to 1.5- in.) long . The thinplace classes are arranged and considered separately. Thecriteria for thin places may vary with manufacturers, but willgenerally fall in the category of less than 30 % of diameter andgrea
10、ter in length than 10 mm.3.1.3 yarn fault count, nthe number of faults per specifiedlength of product.3.1.4 For definitions of other textile terms used in thismethod, refer to Terminology D 123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A specimen is passed through the sensing device of aclassifying instrument at
11、 a constant speed. The electroniccounting instrument records the faults and classifies themaccording to their length and relative diameter. The faults forthe most part are in the form of thick places, thin places andneps in yarns spun on various spinning systems.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test
12、method is considered satisfactory for accep-tance testing of commercial shipments of spun yarns byagreement between purchaser and supplier.5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences inreported test results when using this test method for acceptancetesting of commercial shipments, the purcha
13、ser and supplier1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarn Test Methods,General.Current edition approved April 1, 2005. Published June 2005. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in
14、 1999 as D 619799.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Har
15、bor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is astatistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statisticalassistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As aminimum, the two parties should take a gro
16、up of test speci-mens that are as homogenous as possible and that are from a lotof material of the type in question. The test specimens shouldthen be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratoryfor testing. The average result from the two laboratories shouldbe compared using statistical ana
17、lysis and a probability levelchosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a biasis found, either its cause must be found and corrected or thepurchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future testresults with consideration to the known bias.5.2 Yarn faults are a factor in determi
18、ning yarn and fabricquality.6. Apparatus6.1 Electronic Measuring DeviceA capacitance or opticalunit with guide alignment of the yarn in a straight path throughthe measuring zone.6.2 Control UnitA device that supplies the signal tooperate the measuring device and, also in return, receives theregistra
19、tion signal from the measuring device, stores theinformation received, responds to this information according toa predetermined setup, and outputs computed data at the end ofthe test.6.3 WinderA power driven take-up device equipped witha winding drum of uniform diameter and capable of operatingat co
20、nstant take-up speed.6.4 Yarn Tensioning DeviceA unit for the control of theyarn in the measuring zone so that the yarn travels in a straightpath, free from kinks, without stretching the yarn.7. Sampling7.1 Lot SampleUnless otherwise agreed upon, as whenspecified in an applicable material specificat
21、ion, take a lotsample as directed in Practice D 2258.7.1.1 For production test, take lot samples and laboratorysamples in multiples of spindle positions on the tester.NOTE 2An adequate specification or other agreement between thepurchaser and the supplier requires taking into account variability bet
22、weenshipping units, between packages or ends within a shipping unit, andbetween specimens from a single package to provide a sampling plan witha meaningful producers risk, an acceptable quality level, and a limitingquality level.7.2 Laboratory SampleFor acceptance testing take suffi-cient packages f
23、rom each laboratory sample unit to obtain inexcess of 100 000 m of yarn, that may consist of more than onepackage.7.3 Test SpecimenThe test specimen is 100 000 m (100000 yd) of yarn. The number of metres per package tested isdependent upon the number of testing positions used.7.3.1 When using equipm
24、ent not programmed to give indi-vidual package data, consider the lot sample as the testspecimen.8. Conditioning8.1 Preconditioning and conditioning are not required. Atemperature of 21C (70F) and 65 % relative humidity,maintained as constant as possible is recommended. Theconditions at time of test
25、ing should be recorded.9. Procedure9.1 Calibrate the testing instrument as prescribed by theinstrument manufacturer.9.2 Make proper selections for material value, yarn number,and the coding plug, if one is used. Review the tables providedby manufacturer for further details.9.3 Set the take-up mechan
26、ism to the speed of travelrecommended by the testers manufacturer. If a nonstandardset-up is used it should be reported.9.3.1 Verify that control unit speed selection is set to thesame speed as the take-up mechanism.9.4 Check the package to ensure that no shipping material orother contaminant is pre
27、sent and that no damage is apparent onthe package. If contaminants or damage are detected, selectanother package for testing.NOTE 3Do not separate the length of yarn from the packages prior totesting.9.5 Mount the package on a suitable holder. Thread the freeend of the yarn directly from the package
28、 through the instru-ment.9.6 Start the take-up mechanism of the tester.9.7 Test the total predetermined yarn length, that mayrequire more than one package.9.8 Follow the tester instruction manual for operationalprocedures not outlined in this test method.9.9 For testers not equipped with automatic d
29、ata calcula-tions, weigh the yarn tested to the nearest 0.001 kg or 0.1 oz todetermine the length.10. Calculation10.1 For testers not equipped with automatic data output,calculate the yarn fault and express in terms of yarn faults per100 000 m or yarn faults per 100 000 yd using Eq 1 or Eq 2 andEq 3
30、.Nm3 kg 3 100 000 5 m (1)oz 3 52.5 3 Ne5 yd (2)counter reading3 100 00Tested length m yd!5Yarn faults100 000 myd!(3)where:Nm= yarn number, metric count,Ne= yarn number, English cotton countkg = kilograms, andoz = ounces (pounds/16).11. Report11.1 State that the specimens were tested as directed in t
31、histest method. Describe the material or product sampled and themethod of sampling used.11.2 Report the following information:11.2.1 Yarn number,11.2.2 Type and model of tester,11.2.3 Material setting of tester,D 6197 99 (2005)211.2.4 Yarn travel speed,11.2.5 Length of specimen tested,11.2.6 Major y
32、arn faults per 100 000 m or yd,11.2.7 Minor yarn faults per 100 000 m or yd,11.2.8 Total yarn faults per 100 000 m or yd.12. Precision and Bias12.1 Single laboratory test dataA replicated study wasperformed in a single laboratory using one operator on a singleinstrument to measure four materials. Ea
33、ch material was testedfour times with no cutting. The test results by percent thicknessof yarn diameter are shown in Table 1.12.2 Critical differencesSame instrument.12.2.1 Same specimenWhen comparing totals obtainedon the same specimen of yarn by the same operator using aninstrument capable of read
34、ing each position independently, orelse results obtained from one position, the difference shouldnot exceed three faults.12.2.2 Different specimensTwo fault totals obtained fromdifferent specimes representing the same batch of materialshould be considered different at the 95% probability level, ifth
35、e smallest calue is less than or equal to the tabulted value forb located in Table 2.12.3 Critical differencesTwo instruments each capable ofreading each position independently.12.3.1 Same specimen (paired test)Two fault totals shoudbe condisered different at the approximate 95% probabilitylevel if
36、the differnece exceeds five faults.12.3.2 Different specimensTwo fault totals should be con-sidered different at the approximate 95% prbability level, if thesmallest value is less than or equal to the result obtained byrounding to the lowest whole number of the tabulated value forb found in Table 2
37、minus 10% of b.12.4 BiasA systematic difference exists between ma-chines capable of reading each position independently andthose that cannot. The difference becomes apparent when thenumber of faults occur frequent enough that more than onefault may appear simultaneously in more than one position. Fo
38、rthis reason, comparisons between different instrument manu-facturers is not recommended.13. Keywords13.1 classification; yarn fault count; yarn faults; yarn spunTABLE 1 Results from Repeated Trials for the Conditions Notedon the Same Length of YarnTrial +100 % to 150 % +150 % to +400 % TOTAL FAULTS
39、MATERIAL 1 1 15 4 19Polyester 2 15 4 19318 3 21415 4 9Avg. 15.75 3.75 . . .MATERIAL 2 1 170 42 212Cotton 2 167 44 2113 169 42 2114 165 43 208Avg. 167.75 42.75MATERIAL 3 1 19 4 23Cotton 2 19 5 24320 3 3419 4 2Avg. 19.25 4 . . .MATERIAL 4 1 5 0 5Polyester 2 3 2 535 044 1 5Avg. 4.25 .75 . . .D 6197 99
40、(2005)3ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such righ
41、ts, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional
42、standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM
43、Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the abovea
44、ddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE 2 Values of b for Critical Differences in EntanglementCounts, a and b, for Two-Sided Tests at the 95 % ProbabilityLevelAr = a + bbr= a + bbr= a + bbr= a + bb8 0 24 6 39
45、12531811 1 27 7 41 13 55 1914 2 29 8 43 14 57 2016 3 32 9 46 15 60 2119 4 410481662222 5 361 50176423AIf the observed value of b # the tabulated value, the two results should beconsidered significantly different at the 95 % probability level.a = the larger of two defect counts, each of which is the total count for allspecimens in a test result and each of which is based on the same number ofspecimens,b = the smaller of the two defect counts taken as specified for a, andr = a +b.For additional values of a and b please see Table 6 in ASTM D 290691D 6197 99 (2005)4
