1、Designation: D6197 99 (Reapproved 2011)Standard Test Method forClassifying and Counting Faults in Spun Yarns in ElectronicTests1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6197; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisi
2、on, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the classifying and counting offaults in spun yarns using capacitance testers.
3、1.1.1 Protruding fibers or yarn hairiness, or both, are notdetermined as part of this method.NOTE 1For measuring protruding fibers or hairiness, or both, refer toGuide D5647.1.2 This test method provides for grading yarns by faultlevel and type.1.3 This test method is applicable to all single or pli
4、ed spunyarns from natural or manufactured fibers or blends of each.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard; the values in inch-pound units are provided asinformation only and are not exact equivalents.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if
5、 any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD2258 Prac
6、tice for Sampling Yarn for TestingD5647 Guide for Measuring Hairiness of Yarns by thePhoto-Electric Apparatus3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 spun yarn, nin a staple system, a continuous strandof fibers held together by some binding mechanism.3.1.2 yarn fault, nin textile strands, a change in thi
7、cknesssufficient to be visible to the normal human eye.3.1.2.1 DiscussionIn this test method, a visible change inthickness, such as an abnormal thick or thin place in the yarnresulting in a large change in yarn diameter or any foreignmatter affixed to or spun into the yarn, such as a nep, isconsider
8、ed to be a fault. Thick faults are reported as eithermajor or minor depending on the combination of length anddiameter. The most accepted criterion for major faults (infre-quent thick places) is 250 to 400 % larger than yarn diameterand 20 to 40- mm (0.8 to 1.5-in.) long. The minor faults(frequent t
9、hick places) are 100 to 150 % larger than yarndiameter and 1.0 to 40-mm (0.04 to 1.5- in.) long. The thinplace classes are arranged and considered separately. Thecriteria for thin places may vary with manufacturers, but willgenerally fall in the category of less than 30 % of diameter andgreater in l
10、ength than 10 mm.3.1.3 yarn fault count, nthe number of faults per specifiedlength of product.3.1.4 For definitions of other textile terms used in thismethod, refer to Terminology D123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A specimen is passed through the sensing device of aclassifying instrument at a consta
11、nt speed. The electroniccounting instrument records the faults and classifies themaccording to their length and relative diameter. The faults forthe most part are in the form of thick places, thin places andneps in yarns spun on various spinning systems.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is
12、 considered satisfactory for accep-tance testing of commercial shipments of spun yarns byagreement between purchaser and supplier.5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences inreported test results when using this test method for acceptancetesting of commercial shipments, the purchaser and s
13、upplier1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011. Published January 2012. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D619799
14、(2005).DOI: 10.1520/D6197-99R11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International
15、, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is astatistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statisticalassistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As aminimum, the two parties sho
16、uld take a group of test speci-mens that are as homogenous as possible and that are from a lotof material of the type in question. The test specimens shouldthen be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratoryfor testing. The average result from the two laboratories shouldbe compared using s
17、tatistical analysis and a probability levelchosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a biasis found, either its cause must be found and corrected or thepurchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future testresults with consideration to the known bias.5.2 Yarn faults are a fac
18、tor in determining yarn and fabricquality.6. Apparatus6.1 Electronic Measuring DeviceA capacitance or opticalunit with guide alignment of the yarn in a straight path throughthe measuring zone.6.2 Control UnitA device that supplies the signal tooperate the measuring device and, also in return, receiv
19、es theregistration signal from the measuring device, stores theinformation received, responds to this information according toa predetermined setup, and outputs computed data at the end ofthe test.6.3 WinderA power driven take-up device equipped witha winding drum of uniform diameter and capable of
20、operatingat constant take-up speed.6.4 Yarn Tensioning DeviceA unit for the control of theyarn in the measuring zone so that the yarn travels in a straightpath, free from kinks, without stretching the yarn.7. Sampling7.1 Lot SampleUnless otherwise agreed upon, as whenspecified in an applicable mater
21、ial specification, take a lotsample as directed in Practice D2258.7.1.1 For production test, take lot samples and laboratorysamples in multiples of spindle positions on the tester.NOTE 2An adequate specification or other agreement between thepurchaser and the supplier requires taking into account va
22、riability betweenshipping units, between packages or ends within a shipping unit, andbetween specimens from a single package to provide a sampling plan witha meaningful producers risk, an acceptable quality level, and a limitingquality level.7.2 Laboratory SampleFor acceptance testing take suffi-cie
23、nt packages from each laboratory sample unit to obtain inexcess of 100 000 m of yarn, that may consist of more than onepackage.7.3 Test SpecimenThe test specimen is 100 000 m(100 000 yd) of yarn. The number of metres per package testedis dependent upon the number of testing positions used.7.3.1 When
24、 using equipment not programmed to give indi-vidual package data, consider the lot sample as the testspecimen.8. Conditioning8.1 Preconditioning and conditioning are not required. Atemperature of 21C (70F) and 65 % relative humidity,maintained as constant as possible is recommended. Theconditions at
25、 time of testing should be recorded.9. Procedure9.1 Calibrate the testing instrument as prescribed by theinstrument manufacturer.9.2 Make proper selections for material value, yarn number,and the coding plug, if one is used. Review the tables providedby manufacturer for further details.9.3 Set the t
26、ake-up mechanism to the speed of travelrecommended by the testers manufacturer. If a nonstandardset-up is used it should be reported.9.3.1 Verify that control unit speed selection is set to thesame speed as the take-up mechanism.9.4 Check the package to ensure that no shipping material orother conta
27、minant is present and that no damage is apparent onthe package. If contaminants or damage are detected, selectanother package for testing.NOTE 3Do not separate the length of yarn from the packages prior totesting.9.5 Mount the package on a suitable holder. Thread the freeend of the yarn directly fro
28、m the package through the instru-ment.9.6 Start the take-up mechanism of the tester.9.7 Test the total predetermined yarn length, that mayrequire more than one package.9.8 Follow the tester instruction manual for operationalprocedures not outlined in this test method.9.9 For testers not equipped wit
29、h automatic data calcula-tions, weigh the yarn tested to the nearest 0.001 kg or 0.1 oz todetermine the length.10. Calculation10.1 For testers not equipped with automatic data output,calculate the yarn fault and express in terms of yarn faults per100 000 m or yarn faults per 100 000 yd using Eq 1 or
30、 Eq 2 andEq 3.Nm3 kg 3 100 000 5 m (1)oz 3 52.5 3 Ne5 yd (2)counter reading3 100 00Tested length m yd!5Yarn faults100 000 myd!(3)where:Nm= yarn number, metric count,Ne= yarn number, English cotton countkg = kilograms, andoz = ounces (pounds/16).11. Report11.1 State that the specimens were tested as
31、directed in thistest method. Describe the material or product sampled and themethod of sampling used.11.2 Report the following information:11.2.1 Yarn number,11.2.2 Type and model of tester,11.2.3 Material setting of tester,11.2.4 Yarn travel speed,11.2.5 Length of specimen tested,D6197 99 (2011)211
32、.2.6 Major yarn faults per 100 000 m or yd,11.2.7 Minor yarn faults per 100 000 m or yd,11.2.8 Total yarn faults per 100 000 m or yd.12. Precision and Bias12.1 Single Laboratory Test DataA replicated study wasperformed in a single laboratory using one operator on a singleinstrument to measure four m
33、aterials. Each material was testedfour times with no cutting. The test results by percent thicknessof yarn diameter are shown in Table 1.12.2 Critical DifferencesSame instrument.12.2.1 Same SpecimenWhen comparing totals obtainedon the same specimen of yarn by the same operator using aninstrument cap
34、able of reading each position independently, orelse results obtained from one position, the difference shouldnot exceed three faults.12.2.2 Different SpecimensTwo fault totals obtained fromdifferent specimens representing the same batch of materialshould be considered different at the 95 % probabili
35、ty level, ifthe smallest value is less than or equal to the tabulated value forb located in Table 2.12.3 Critical DifferencesTwo instruments each capable ofreading each position independently.12.3.1 Same Specimen (Paired Test)Two fault totalsshould be considered different at the approximate 95 % pro
36、b-ability level if the difference exceeds five faults.12.3.2 Different SpecimensTwo fault totals should beconsidered different at the approximate 95 % probability level,if the smallest value is less than or equal to the result obtainedby rounding to the lowest whole number of the tabulated valuefor
37、b found in Table 2 minus 10 % of b.12.4 BiasA systematic difference exists between ma-chines capable of reading each position independently andthose that cannot. The difference becomes apparent when thenumber of faults occur frequent enough that more than onefault may appear simultaneously in more t
38、han one position. Forthis reason, comparisons between different instrument manu-facturers is not recommended.13. Keywords13.1 classification; yarn fault count; yarn faults; yarn spunASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item
39、 mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical commi
40、ttee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a me
41、eting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,
42、 PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org)
43、. Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).TABLE 1 Results from Repeated Trials for the Conditions Notedon the Same Length of YarnTrial +100 % to 150 % +150 % to +400 % TOTAL FAULTSMATERIAL 1 1 15 4 19Polyester 2 15 4 19318 3 214
44、15 4 9Avg. 15.75 3.75 . . .MATERIAL 2 1 170 42 212Cotton 2 167 44 2113 169 42 2114 165 43 208Avg. 167.75 42.75MATERIAL 3 1 19 4 23Cotton 2 19 5 24320 3 3419 4 2Avg. 19.25 4 . . .MATERIAL 4 1 5 0 5Polyester 2 3 2 535 044 1 5Avg. 4.25 0.75 . . .TABLE 2 Values of b for Critical Differences in Entanglem
45、entCounts, a and b, for Two-Sided Tests at the 95 % ProbabilityLevelAr = a + bbr= a + bbr= a + bbr= a + bb8 0 24 6 3912531811 1 27 7 41 13 55 1914 2 29 8 43 14 57 2016 3 32 9 46 15 60 2119 4 410481662222 5 3611501764 3AIf the observed value of b # the tabulated value, the two results should beconsid
46、ered significantly different at the 95 % probability level.a = the larger of two defect counts, each of which is the total count for allspecimens in a test result and each of which is based on the same number ofspecimens,b = the smaller of the two defect counts taken as specified for a, andr =a+b.For additional values of a and b please see Table 6 in ASTM D290691.D6197 99 (2011)3
