1、Designation: D6213 97 (Reapproved 2009)D6213 17Standard Practice forTests to Evaluate the Chemical Resistance of Geogrids toLiquids1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6213; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of re
2、vision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the procedures for testing of geogrids for chemical resistance to liquids.1.2
3、 This practice describes methods for measuring changes in physical and mechanical properties caused by immersion in testsolutions that may be representative of anticipated end-use conditions.1.3 This practice describes procedures for required and recommended testing of geogrids.1.4 Evaluation or int
4、erpretation of test data is beyond the scope of this practice.1.5 This practice is intended to be used in conjunction with Practice D5322, or Practice D5496, or both. The scope of thispractice is limited to testing and reporting procedures for unexposed and exposed geogrid coupons.1.6 This standard
5、does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements
6、are given in Section 7.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization T
7、echnical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, and ApplicationsD76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for TextilesD123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1238 Tes
8、t Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplastics by Extrusion PlastometerD1695 Terminology of Cellulose and Cellulose DerivativesD4439 Terminology for GeosyntheticsD4595 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Geotextiles by the Wide-Width Strip MethodD4603 Test Method for Determining Inherent Viscosity
9、 of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) (PET) by Glass Capillary ViscometerD5322 Practice for Laboratory Immersion Procedures for Evaluating the Chemical Resistance of Geosynthetics to LiquidsD5496 Practice for In Field Immersion Testing of GeosyntheticsD5747 Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Res
10、istance of Geomembranes to LiquidsE375 Definitions of Terms Relating to Resinography (Withdrawn 1992)33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 chemical resistance, nfor geosynthetics, the extent to which a material or product retains its original physical andchemical characteristics as a function of imme
11、rsion in, or contact with, a foreign substance. (D5747, D35)1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.02 on Endurance Properties.Current edition approved June 1, 2009July 1, 2017. Published July 2009July 2017
12、. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 20032009 as D6213 - 97(2003).D6213 97 (2009). DOI: 10.1520/D6213-97R09.10.1520/D6213-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM St
13、andardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what c
14、hanges have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the of
15、ficial document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to Terminologies D16, D123, D883, D1695, D4439, and E375.3.1.2 coating, na liquid, liquefiable or mastic compo
16、sition that is converted to a solid protected, decorative, or functionaladherent film after application as a thin layer. (D16, D01)3.1.3 coupon, na portion of a material or laboratory sample, from which multiple specimens can be taken for testing. (D5747,D35)3.1.4 composite, na material made up of d
17、istinct parts which contribute, either proportionately, or synergistically, to theproperties of the combination. (E375, D20)3.1.5 geogrid, na reinforcing geosynthetic comprised of integrally connected elements with in-plane apertures betweenelements. (D4439, D35)3.1.6 geosynthetic, na planar product
18、 manufactured from polymeric material used with soil, rock, earth, or other geotechnicalengineering related material as an integral part of a man made project, structure, or system. (D4439, D35)3.1.7 inherent viscositythe quotient of the natural logarithm of relative viscosity by the concentration,
19、that is in rel/c. (D1695,D01)3.1.8 integral, adjin geosynthetics, forming a necessary part of the whole; a constituent. (D4439, D35)3.1.9 relative viscositythe ratio of the viscosity of a solution to that of the pure solvent. (D1695, D01)3.1.10 melt index, nthe flow rate of PE material when measured
20、 in accordance with Test Method D1238.3.1.11 polyester, na polymer in which the repeated structural unit in the chain is of the ester type. (D883, D20)3.1.12 polyolefin, na polymer prepared by the polymerization of an olefin(s) as the sole monomer(s). (D883, D20)3.1.13 sample, na portion of a lot of
21、 material that is taken for incubation, testing, or for record purposes. (D123, D13)3.1.14 specimen, na specific portion of a material or laboratory sample upon which a test is performed or which is taken forthat purpose. (D4439, D35)4. Summary of Practice4.1 This practice defines test methods and p
22、rocedures for evaluating the resistance of geogrids to liquid exposure by monitoringphysical and chemical properties of geogrid coupons after immersion in a test liquid. The physical condition of the geogrid ismonitored as a function of cumulative exposure time by means of visual observations, and m
23、echanical and chemical property tests.5. Significance and Use5.1 This practice is intended to provide a list of standard procedures for test programs investigating the chemical resistance ofa geogrid to a liquid. This practice should be used in the absence of other specifications required for the pa
24、rticular situation beingaddressed.5.2 This practice is intended to provide a basis of standardization for those wishing to compare or investigate the chemicalresistance of a geogrid. It should be recognized that chemical resistance is a user judgment evaluation and that this practice doesnot offer p
25、rocedures for interpreting the results obtained from test procedures contained in this practice. As a practice, this doesnot produce a test result.5.3 This practice is for the chemical resistance assessment of geogrids and is written in parallel to similar practices forgeomembranes, geotextiles, geo
26、nets, and geopipes. Each practice is to be considered individually for the geosynthetic underinvestigation and collectively for all geosynthetics exposed to the potentially harsh chemical environment under consideration.6. Apparatus6.1 Tensile Testing MachineA constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) or con
27、stant-rate-of-traverse (CRT) type with autographicrecorder conforming to the requirements of Specification D76 shall be used.6.2 Testing ClampsThese clamps shall be sufficiently wide to grip the entire rib specimen and with appropriate clampingpower to prevent slipping or crushing (damage). The sugg
28、ested style of clamp is wedge action type, commonly available from themanufacturer of the tensile testing machine.6.3 All other required equipment is specified in the referenced test method standards. Refer to the appropriate standards for adescription of the apparatus necessary to perform those tes
29、ts.7. Hazards7.1 Geogrids may be exposed to liquids that may contain hazardous chemicals. Appropriate precautions must be taken whenhandling hazardous waste, chemicals, and the immersion solutions. Protective equipment suitable for the chemicals being usedmust be worn by all personnel handling or ex
30、posed to the chemicals. Particular care should be taken when opening storage vesselsat elevated temperatures due to the increased volatility of organics and the increased activity of acids and bases. Care must alsobe taken to prevent the spilling of hazardous materials and provisions must be made to
31、 clean up any accidental spills that do occur.D6213 1727.2 Before carrying out any test, safety precautions and disposal procedures for hazardous waste, chemicals or immersionliquids, and any contaminated geogrid materials should be identified and implemented to provide full protection to all person
32、neland to comply with applicable disposal regulations.8. Sample Preparation8.1 Sample product as received.9. Sampling9.1 Geogrid:9.1.1 Determine the number and dimensions of the test specimens according to the requirements of property tests,tests listedin Section 14, to be performed, the duration of
33、 the immersion, and the number of test intervals.9.1.2 SampleSample in accordance with the respective test methods selected for the geogrid.9.1.3 CouponsCut coupons from geogrid sample representative of the geogrids being evaluated so as to provide a sufficientnumber of specimens for each chosen pro
34、perty test and test interval. Discard any coupons that contain scratches or otherimperfections that might affect the test results, and cut replacement coupons.9.1.4 Mix the selected coupons in a random fashion and re-select coupons for the immersion and baseline testing.9.1.5 SpecimensAfter exposure
35、, test specimens are cut from the coupons.9.1.6 Interrelationship between product, sample, coupon, and specimen is illustrated in Fig. 1.9.2 Test LiquidFollow procedures established in Section 6 of Practice D5322, Section 6.10. Conditioning Before Immersion10.1 GeogridsCondition samples at 21 6 2C2
36、C (70 6 4F)4 F) and a relative humidity between 50 and 70 % for not lessthan 40 h prior to weighing or baseline testing and immersion, or all of these.10.2 Test LiquidCondition the test liquid (that is, immersion liquid) in the exposure tank, with stirring, for a period of not lessthan 24 h at a rec
37、ommended immersion temperature in Practice D5322 or Practice D5496, or both.11. Procedure11.1 Geogrid:11.1.1 Immerse a sufficient number of coupons in the test solution as specified in Practice D5322 or Practice D5496, or both,to perform the required statistical testing for each immersion period cal
38、led for in 11.4.11.1.2 Immerse additional coupons for weight changes and volatile loss during each immersion period. Record the weight ofthe coupon to an accuracy of at least 0.1 % of the coupons weight.NOTE 1Roll product is supplied by the manufacturer. Samples are cut from the roll product. Coupon
39、s are cut from samples and immersed in liquid.Specimens are cut from coupons for testing.FIG. 1 Relationship Between Roll, Sample, Coupon, and SpecimenD6213 17311.1.3 Remove the required and recommended number of coupons for testing at the prescribed test period. Elevated temperaturecoupons should b
40、e allowed to cool to room temperature in a sample of the immersion fluid. Rinse each coupon withde-ionizeddeionized water and remove any visible liquid residue on the coupon surface by blotting lightly with water-absorbent,lint free lint-free paper towels. Coupons should be stored in a sealed contai
41、ner with minimum void volume so as to minimizemoisture or volatile(s) loss, or both.NOTE 1The prescribed test period is to be determined by the parties involved.NOTE 2Coupons sealed in a zip-lock polyethylene bagsbag and then placed within a container to shield against ultraviolet exposure has been
42、anacceptable practice.11.2 Test LiquidMaintain test liquid chemistry and concentration as established in Practice D5322 or Practice D5496, or both.D6213 17411.3 Test Specimen Preparation:11.3.1 Remove coupons, one at a time, from storage in the same order that they entered storage; that is, first in
43、 becomes firstout.11.3.2 Cut test specimens from coupons.11.3.3 Between tests, specimens should be kept in an airtight container.11.4 The tests to be performed on a geogrid are listed in Section 16. All tests should be completed on the exposed specimensafter each test period. Only one set of tests m
44、ust be completed on the unexposed specimens to establish a baseline of data. For theinitial data base, twice as many specimens as listed below should be tested on the unexposed material in order to produce astatistical base.11.5 Testing of the material exposed to the leachate must be done within 24
45、h of removal from the test solution.12. Required Product Testing12.1 Visual ObservationsWritten description of the samples before and after immersion. Visual appearance can help in theinterpretation of the data and may explain anomalous test results. Appearance items to be considered may include cha
46、nge fromoriginal color, including any mottling, change in surface gloss, change in surface roughness, swelling or other change at the edgesof the specimen, scratches, scoring, fracture initiation,initiation or splitting of specimen into separate parts, and gross specimenchanges such as wrinkling, di
47、mensions, or noticeable curling.12.2 Tensile Testing Options:12.2.1 Rib Tensile Test (Option 1):12.2.1.1 Calibrate and balance the tensile testing system.12.2.1.2 Mount the specimen centrally in the clamps and tighten sufficiently to prevent damage to the specimen.12.2.1.3 Set the CRE to be 50 mm/mi
48、n.mm/min (2 in./min.).12.2.1.4 Rebalance the test system and initiate the test by starting the testing machine and continue running until rupture occurs.Record and report the tensile vs.versus elongation response up to, and including failure.12.2.1.5 Repeat 12.2.1.2 12.2.1.4 until ten acceptable bre
49、aks have been obtained.NOTE 3If a specimen slips in the jaws, breaks at the edge of, or within the jaws, or if for any reason attributed to faulty operation, the results fallmarkedly below the average of the set of specimens, discard the result and test another specimen.12.2.1.6 See 14.1 for calculating rib tensile strength.12.2.2 Wide Width Wide-Width Tensile Test (Option 2)Use Test Method D4595, but modify for geogrids (that is, adjusted forwidth and gage length).12.3 Resin Properties:12.3.1 Polyolefin Geogrids:12.3.1.1 Melt Index:12.3.1.
