1、Designation: D 6227 04aAn American National StandardStandard Specification forGrade 82 Unleaded Aviation Gasoline1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6227; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers Grade 82 unleaded aviationgasoline, which is defined by this specification as for use o
3、nlyin engines and associated aircraft that are specifically approvedby the engine and aircraft manufacturers, and certified by theNational Certifying Agencies to use this fuel. This fuel is notconsidered suitable for use in other engines and associatedaircraft that are certified to use aviation gaso
4、lines meetingSpecification D 910.1.2 A fuel may be certified to meet this specification by aproducer as Grade 82 UL aviation gasoline only if blendedfrom component(s) approved for use in Grade 82 UL aviationgasoline by the refiner(s) of such components, because only therefiner(s) can attest to the c
5、omponent source and processing,absence of contamination, and the additives used and theirconcentrations. Consequently, re-classifying of any other prod-uct to Grade 82 UL aviation gasoline does not meet thisspecification.1.3 Appendix X1 contains an explanation for the rationaleof the specification.
6、Appendix X2 details the reasons for theindividual specification requirements.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are provided forinformation only.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum
7、 Products atAtmospheric PressureD 130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper fromPetroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD 357 Method of Test for Knock Characteristics of MotorFuels Below 100 Octane Number by the Motor Method3D 381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by JetEvaporationD 873 Test Met
8、hod for Oxidation Stability ofAviation Fuels(Potential Residue Method)D 909 Test Method for Knock Characteristics of AviationGasolines by the Supercharge MethodD 910 Specification for Aviation GasolinesD 1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products(Lamp Method)D 2386 Test Method for Freezing Po
9、int of Aviation FuelsD 2392 Test Method for Color of Dyed Aviation GasolinesD 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD 2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD 3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Su
10、lfur in LightLiquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-lometryD 3231 Test Method for Phosphorus in GasolineD 3237 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline by AtomicAbsorption SpectroscopyD 3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Com-bustion of Aviation FuelsD 4057 Practice for Manual Sampli
11、ng of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD 4171 Specification for Fuel System Icing InhibitorsD 4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spec-troscopyD 4529 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Com-bustion of Aviation FuelsD 4809 Test Me
12、thod for Heat of Combustion of LiquidHydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (PrecisionMethod)D 4815 Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE,TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol and C1to C4Alco-hols in Gasoline by Gas ChromatographyD 4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline andGasoline-Oxygena
13、te Blends (Dry Method)D 5059 Test Methods for Lead in Gasoline by X-RaySpectroscopyD 5190 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Automatic Method)1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
14、SubcommitteeD02.J0 on Aviation Fuels.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2004. Published November 2004. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 622704.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org
15、. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Uni
16、ted States.D 5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Mini Method)D 5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Motor Fuels and Oils by UltravioletFluorescenceD 5482 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Mini Method-Atmospheric)D 5599
17、Test Method for Determination of Oxygenates inGasoline by Gas Chromatography and Oxygen SelectiveFlame Ionization DetectionD 5845 Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE,TAME, DIPE, Methanol, Ethanol and tert-Butanol inGasoline by Infrared SpectroscopyD 5983 Specification for Methyl tertiary-But
18、yl Ether(MTBE) for Downstream Blending for Use in AutomotiveSpark-Ignition Engine FuelD 6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels andFuel SystemsE 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications2.2 Military Standard:4MIL-PRF-25017F Performance
19、Specification for Inhibitor,Corrosion/Lubricity Improver, Fuel SolubleQPL-25017 Qualified Products List of Products QualifiedUnder Performance Specification MIL-PRF-25017F3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 aviation gasoline, ngasoline possessing specificproperties suitable for fueling aircraft powe
20、red by reciprocat-ing spark ignition engines.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThe principal properties of aviationgasoline include volatility limits, stability, detonation-freeperformance in the engine for which it is intended, andsuitability for low temperature performance.4. Grades4.1 The specification covers on
21、e grade of unleaded aviationgasoline designated Grade 82 UL. Grade 82 UL is the onlyaviation gasoline defined by this specification and the gradeshows the minimum motor octane rating.5. General5.1 This specification, unless otherwise provided, prescribesthe required properties of unleaded aviation g
22、asoline at thetime and place of delivery.6. Material6.1 Aviation gasoline, except as otherwise specified in thisspecification, shall consist of blends of refined hydrocarbonsderived from crude petroleum, natural gasoline or blends,thereof, with specific aliphatic ethers, synthetic hydrocarbons,or ar
23、omatic hydrocarbons. When applicable, methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) shall conform to the requirements ofSpecification D 5983. Types and quantities of trace alcoholsshall meet the requirements of Table 1 and 6.2.4.2.6.2 Only additives approved by this specification are per-mitted. In addition to
24、 identification dyes, corrosion inhibitors,antioxidants, and metal deactivators, fuel system icing inhibitoradditives are permitted under 6.2.4. Permitted additives may beadded to aviation gasoline in the amount and of the composi-tion specified in the following list of approved materials. Thequanti
25、ties and types shall be declared by the manufacturer.Additives added after the point of manufacture shall also bedeclared.6.2.1 AntioxidantsThe following oxidation inhibitors maybe added to the gasoline separately or in combination in totalconcentration not to exceed 12 mg of inhibitor (not includin
26、gweight of solvent) per litre of fuel.6.2.1.1 2,6-ditertiary-butyl-phenol.6.2.1.2 2,6-ditertiary-butyl-4-methyl-phenol.6.2.1.3 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary-butyl-phenol.6.2.1.4 2,6-ditertiary-butyl-phenol, 75 % minimum.Tertiary and tritertiary-butyl-phenols, 25 % maximum.6.2.1.5 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary-b
27、utyl-phenol, 55 % mini-mum; 4-methyl-2,6-ditertiary-butyl phenol 15 % minimum; theremainder as a mixture of monomethyl and dimethyl-tertiary-butyl-phenols.6.2.1.6 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary-butyl-phenol, 72 % mini-mum.Mixture of tertiary-butyl-methyl-phenols and tertiary-butyl-dimethyl-phenols, 28 % ma
28、ximum.6.2.1.7 2,6-ditertiary-butyl-4-methyl-phenol, 35 % mini-mum.Mixed methyl, ethyl, and dimethyl tertiary-butyl-phenols,65 % maximum.6.2.1.8 2,4-di-tertiary butyl-phenol, 60 % minimum.Mixed tertiary-butyl-phenol, 40 % maximum.6.2.1.9 Butylated ethyl-phenols, 55 % minimum.Butylated methyl and dime
29、thyl-phenols, 45 % maximum.6.2.1.10 Mixture of a di- and tri-isopropyl-phenols, 75 %minimum.Mixture of di- and tri-tertiary butyl-phenols, 25 % maxi-mum.6.2.1.11 N,N di-secondary butyl-para phenylene diamine.6.2.1.12 N,N di-isopropyl-para-phenylene-diamine.6.2.1.13 N-secondary butyl, N-phenyl ortho-
30、phenylenediamine.6.2.2 Metal DeactivatorsA metal deactivator, N,N-disalicylidene-1,2-propane diamine may be added to the gaso-line in an amount not to exceed 3.0 mg/L.6.2.3 Corrosion InhibitorsCorrosion inhibitors that con-form to MIL-PRF-25017F may be added to the gasoline inamounts not exceeding t
31、he maximum allowable concentrationslisted in the latest revision of QPL-25017.6.2.4 Fuel System Icing Inhibitor:6.2.4.1 Diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, conforming tothe requirements of Specification D 4171 (Type III), may beused in concentrations of 0.10 to 0.15 volume %.4Available from Standard
32、ization Document Order Desk, 700 Robbins Ave.,Bldg. 4D, Philadelphia, PA 191115094 Attn: NPODS.D 6227 04a26.2.4.2 Isopropyl alcohol conforming to the requirements ofSpecification D 4171 (Type II) may be used in concentrationsrecommended by the aircraft manufacturers when required bythe aircraft owne
33、r operator.7. Detailed Requirements7.1 The aviation gasoline shall conform to the requirementsin Table 1.8. Workmanship8.1 The finished fuel shall be visually free of water, sedi-ment, and suspended matter.NOTE 1See Practice D 4057 for appropriate sampling procedures.9. Reports9.1 The type and numbe
34、r of reports to ensure conformancewith the requirements of this specification shall be mutuallyagreed to by the purchaser and the supplier of the aviationgasoline.10. Test Methods10.1 The requirements enumerated in this specification shallbe determined in accordance with the following ASTM testmetho
35、ds:10.1.1 Motor OctaneTest Method D 2700.10.1.2 ColorTest Method D 2392.10.1.3 DistillationTest Method D 86.10.1.4 Net Heat of CombustionTest Method D 3338,D 4529, or D 4809.10.1.5 Freezing PointTest Method D 2386.10.1.6 Vapor PressureTest Method D 4953, D 5190,D 5191 or D 5482.10.1.7 Lead ContentTe
36、st Method D 3237 or D 5059 (TestMethod C).10.1.8 Copper Strip CorrosionTest Method D 130 (3hat50C (122F).10.1.9 SulfurTest Method D 1266, D 2622, D 3120,D 4294, or D 5453.10.1.10 Potential GumTest Method D 873, except thatwherever the letter X occurs (referring to oxidation time),TABLE 1 Requirement
37、s for Grade 82 UL Aviation GasolineAProperty Requirement ASTM Test MethodBKnock value, lean mixture D 2700Motor method octane number, min 82.0Color purple D 2392Dye contentCBlue dyeD, mg/L, max 7.5Red dyeE, mg/L, max 1.9Distillation temperature, C (F) at % evaporated D8610 volume %, max 70 (158)50 v
38、olume % 66 (150)121 (250)90 volume %, max 190 (374)End point, max 225 (437)Residue, volume % max 2Distillation recovery, volume %, min 95Distillation loss, volume %, max 3.0Net heat of combustion, min MJ/kg (BTU/lb) 40.8 (17 540) D 3338F, D 4529F,orD 4809GFreezing point, C (F), max 58 (72) D 2386Vap
39、or pressure, kPa (psi), max 62 (9.0)HD 4953, D 5190, D 5191,orkPa (psi), min 38 (5.5) D 5482Lead content, g/L (g/U.S. gal), maxI0.013 (0.05) D 3237 or D 5059Copper strip corrosion, 3 h at 50C (122F), max No. 1 D 130Sulfur, mass %, max 0.07 D 1266, D 2622, D 3120,D 4294,orD 5453Potential gum (5-h agi
40、ng), max, mg/100mLJ6 D 873Alcohols and ether contentK,LD 4815, D 5599,orD 5845Total combined methanol and ethanol, mass %, max 0.3Combined aliphatic ethers, methanol, and ethanol, as mass % oxygen, max 2.7AThe requirements stated herein are subject to rounding in accordance with Practice E29and are
41、not subject to correction for tolerance of the test method.BThe test methods indicated in this table are referred to in Section 10.CThe maximum dye concentrations shown do not include solvent in dyes supplied in liquid form.DEssentially 1,4-dialkylamino-anthraquinone.EEssentially alkyl derivatives o
42、f azobenzene-4-azo-2-naphthol.FUse either Eq 1 or Table 1 in Test Method D 4529, or Eq 2 in Test Method D 3338. See X2.7.2 for limitations and oxygen corrections required when Test MethodsD 3338 and D 4529 are applied to fuels blended with aliphatic ethers.GTest Method D 4809 may be used as an alter
43、native. In case of dispute, Test Method D 4809 shall be used.HFuel with a vapor pressure greater than 62 kPa (9.0 psi) but not exceeding 93 kPa (13.5 psi) is permissible, if the ambient temperature is not more than 29C (85F)at the time and place of delivery and all federal and local regulations are
44、met. The vapor pressure of permissible fuel exceeding 62 kPa (9.0 psi) shall be shown on allproduct transfer documents, including the delivery document to the aircraft.ISee X2.10.1 for maximum limits for lead and phosphorus in unleaded gasoline.JTest Method D 381 existent gum test can provide a mean
45、s of detecting deteriorated quality or contamination, or both, with heavier products following distribution fromrefinery to airport; refer to X2.9.1.KNo deliberate addition of alcohols is allowed except for isopropyl alcohol, which is allowed as an additive (see 6.2.4.2)LFor additional information a
46、nd limitations, see X2.8D 6227 04a3insert the number 5, designating the number of hours pre-scribed in this specification.10.1.11 Alcohols/Ethers DetectionTest Method D 4815,D 5599, or D 5845.11. Keywords11.1 aviation gasoline; ether, fuel; gasoline/alcohol blends;gasoline/ether blends; gasoline/oxy
47、genate blends, octane re-quirement; unleaded aviation gasolineAPPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. REASONS FOR SPECIFICATIONX1.1 IntroductionAviation gasoline defined by this speci-fication is for use only in engines and associated aircraftspecifically designed to operate on Grade 82 ULdefined by
48、 thisspecification.X1.2 To ensure ready identification of fuel meeting thisspecification, it is dyed purple.X2. SIGNIFICANT FACTORS FOR UNLEADED AVIATION GASOLINEX2.1 IntroductionX2.1.1 This specification was developed to identify broaddistillation range refinery products, including refined hydrocar
49、-bons derived from crude petroleum, or blends thereof, withsynthetic hydrocarbons and specific aliphatic ether blends,suitable for low octane unleaded aviation gasoline applications.The requirements of Table 1 are quality limits established onthe basis of development and certification tests performed onairframes and engines specifically designed to use these fuels.X2.1.2 Engines certified for low octane fuels and theirassociated aircraft operate within a variety of mechanical,physical, and chemical environments. The properties of un-leaded aviati
