1、Designation: D6227 10An American National StandardStandard Specification forGrades UL82 and UL87 Unleaded Aviation Gasoline1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6227; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers Grades UL82 and UL87 un-leaded aviation gasolines, which are defined by this sp
3、ecifica-tion and are only for use in engines and associated aircraft thatare specifically approved by the engine and aircraft manufac-turers, and certified by the National Certifying Agencies to usethese fuels. Components containing hetro-atoms (oxygenates)may be present within the limits specified.
4、1.2 A fuel may be certified to meet this specification by aproducer as Grade UL82 or UL87 aviation gasoline only ifblended from component(s) approved for use in these grades ofaviation gasoline by the refiner(s) of such components, becauseonly the refiner(s) can attest to the component source andpro
5、cessing, absence of contamination, and the additives usedand their concentrations. Consequently, re-classifying of anyother product to Grade UL82 or Grade UL87 aviation gasolinedoes not meet this specification.1.3 Appendix X1 contains an explanation for the rationaleof the specification. Appendix X2
6、 details the reasons for theindividual specification requirements.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are provided forinformation only.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
7、Atmospheric PressureD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Pe-troleum Products by Copper Strip TestD357 Method of Test for Knock Characteristics of MotorFuels Below 100 Octane Number by the Motor Method3D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-rationD873 Test Method for Oxid
8、ation Stability of Aviation Fuels(Potential Residue Method)D909 Test Method for Supercharge Rating of Spark-Ignition Aviation GasolineD910 Specification for Aviation GasolinesD1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products(Lamp Method)D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravi
9、ty), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and LiquidPetroleum Products by Hydrometer MethodD2386 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation FuelsD2392 Test Method for Color of Dyed Aviation GasolinesD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectromet
10、ryD2699 Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in LightLiquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-lometryD3231 Test Method for Phosphorus in G
11、asolineD3237 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline by Atomic Ab-sorption SpectroscopyD3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus-tion of Aviation FuelsD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petrol
12、eum andPetroleum ProductsD4171 Specification for Fuel System Icing InhibitorsD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD4529 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus-tion of Aviation FuelsD4809 Test Method for Heat of
13、 Combustion of LiquidHydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (PrecisionMethod)1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM CommitteeD02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.J0.02 on Aviation Gasoline.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Publi
14、shed November 2010. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D622704a. DOI:10.1520/D6227-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refe
15、r to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshoh
16、ocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D4815 Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE,TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol and C1to C4Alco-hols in Gasoline by Gas ChromatographyD4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline andGasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)D5059 Test Methods for Lead in Gasol
17、ine by X-Ray Spec-troscopyD5190 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Automatic Method)D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Mini Method)D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, an
18、d Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5482 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Mini MethodAtmospheric)D5599 Test Method for Determination of Oxygenates inGasoline by Gas Chromatography and Oxygen SelectiveFlame Ionization DetectionD5845 Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ET
19、BE,TAME, DIPE, Methanol, Ethanol and tert-Butanol inGasoline by Infrared SpectroscopyD5983 Specification for Methyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether(MTBE) for Downstream Blending for Use in AutomotiveSpark-Ignition Engine FuelD6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels andFuel SystemsE29 Practice for Using
20、 Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications2.2 Military Standard:4MIL-PRF-25017F Performance Specification for Inhibitor,Corrosion/Lubricity Improver, Fuel SolubleQPL-25017 Qualified Products List of Products QualifiedUnder Performance Specification MIL-PRF-25017F3.
21、Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 aviation gasoline, ngasoline possessing specificproperties suitable for fueling aircraft powered by reciprocat-ing spark ignition engines.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThe principal properties of aviationgasoline include volatility limits, stability, detonation-freeperformance i
22、n the engine for which it is intended, andsuitability for low temperature performance.3.1.2 oxygenate, nan oxygen-containing ashless organiccompound, such as an alcohol or ether, which may be used asfuel or fuel supplement.4. Grades4.1 The specification covers two grades of unleaded avia-tion gasoli
23、ne designated Grade UL82 and Grade UL87.5. General5.1 This specification, unless otherwise provided, prescribesthe required properties of unleaded aviation gasoline at thetime and place of delivery.6. Material6.1 Aviation gasoline, except as otherwise specified in thisspecification, shall consist of
24、 blends of refined hydrocarbonsderived from crude petroleum, natural gasoline or blends,thereof, with specific aliphatic ethers, synthetic hydrocarbons,or aromatic hydrocarbons. When applicable, methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) shall conform to the requirements ofSpecification D5983. Types and qua
25、ntities of trace alcoholsshall meet the requirements of Table 1 and 6.2.4.2.6.2 Only additives approved by this specification are per-mitted. In addition to identification dyes, corrosion inhibitors,antioxidants, and metal deactivators, fuel system icing inhibitoradditives are permitted under 6.2.4.
26、 Permitted additives may beadded to aviation gasoline in the amount and of the composi-tion specified in the following list of approved materials. Thequantities and types shall be declared by the manufacturer.Additives added after the point of manufacture shall also bedeclared.6.2.1 AntioxidantsThe
27、following oxidation inhibitors maybe added to the gasoline separately or in combination in totalconcentration not to exceed 12 mg of inhibitor (not includingweight of solvent) per litre of fuel.6.2.1.1 2,6-ditertiary-butyl-phenol.6.2.1.2 2,6-ditertiary-butyl-4-methyl-phenol.6.2.1.3 2,4-dimethyl-6-te
28、rtiary-butyl-phenol.6.2.1.4 2,6-ditertiary-butyl-phenol, 75 % minimum.Tertiary and tritertiary-butyl-phenols, 25 % maximum.6.2.1.5 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary-butyl-phenol, 55 % mini-mum; 4-methyl-2,6-ditertiary-butyl phenol 15 % minimum; theremainder as a mixture of monomethyl and dimethyl-tertiary-but
29、yl-phenols.6.2.1.6 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary-butyl-phenol, 72 % mini-mum.Mixture of tertiary-butyl-methyl-phenols and tertiary-butyl-dimethyl-phenols, 28 % maximum.6.2.1.7 2,6-ditertiary-butyl-4-methyl-phenol, 35 % mini-mum.Mixed methyl, ethyl, and dimethyl tertiary-butyl-phenols,65 % maximum.6.2.1.8
30、2,4-di-tertiary butyl-phenol, 60 % minimum.Mixed tertiary-butyl-phenol, 40 % maximum.6.2.1.9 Butylated ethyl-phenols, 55 % minimum.Butylated methyl and dimethyl-phenols, 45 % maximum.6.2.1.10 Mixture of a di- and tri-isopropyl-phenols, 75 %minimum.Mixture of di- and tri-tertiary butyl-phenols, 25 %
31、maxi-mum.6.2.1.11 N,N di-secondary butyl-para phenylene diamine.6.2.1.12 N,N di-isopropyl-para-phenylene-diamine.6.2.1.13 N-secondary butyl, N-phenyl ortho-phenylenediamine.6.2.2 Metal DeactivatorsA metal deactivator, N,N-disalicylidene-1,2-propane diamine may be added to the gaso-line in an amount
32、not to exceed 3.0 mg/L.6.2.3 Corrosion InhibitorsCorrosion inhibitors that con-form to MIL-PRF-25017F may be added to the gasoline inamounts not exceeding the maximum allowable concentrationslisted in the latest revision of QPL-25017.4Available from Standardization Document Order Desk, 700 Robbins A
33、ve.,Bldg. 4D, Philadelphia, PA 191115094 Attn: NPODS.D6227 1026.2.4 Fuel System Icing Inhibitor:6.2.4.1 Diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, conforming tothe requirements of Specification D4171 (Type III), may beused in concentrations of 0.10 to 0.15 volume %.6.2.4.2 Isopropyl alcohol conforming to t
34、he requirements ofSpecification D4171 (Type II) may be used in concentrationsrecommended by the aircraft manufacturers when required bythe aircraft owner operator.7. Detailed Requirements7.1 The aviation gasoline shall conform to the requirementsin Table 1.8. Workmanship8.1 The finished fuel shall b
35、e visually free of water, sedi-ment, and suspended matter.NOTE 1See Practice D4057 for appropriate sampling procedures.9. Reports9.1 The type and number of reports to ensure conformancewith the requirements of this specification shall be mutuallyagreed to by the purchaser and the supplier of the avi
36、ationgasoline.10. Test Methods10.1 The requirements enumerated in this specification shallbe determined in accordance with the following ASTM testmethods:10.1.1 Research OctaneTest Method D2699.10.1.2 Motor OctaneTest Method D2700.10.1.3 ColorTest Method D2392.10.1.4 DistillationTest Method D86.TABL
37、E 1 Requirements for Grades UL82 and UL87 Aviation GasolineAGrade UL82 Grade UL87 ASTM Test MethodBOctane RatingsKnock value, lean mixture,Motor method octane numbermin 82.0 87.0 D2700Knock value,Research method octane numbermin . 95.0 D2699Color purple yellow D2392Dye contentCBlue dye,Dmg/L max 7.5
38、 .Red dye,Emg/L max 1.9 .Yellow dye,Fmg/L max . 2.8Requirements for All GradesDensity at 15C, kg/m3Report D1298 or D4052Distillation D86Fuel Evaporated10 volume % at C max 7050 volume % at C min 66max 12190 volume % at C max 190End point, C max 225Recovery, volume % min 95.0Residue, volume % max 2.0
39、Loss, volume % max 3.0Vapor pressure 38C, kPa min 38 D4953, D5190, D5191max 62GD2386Freezing point, C max 58 D1266, D2622, D3120Sulfur, mass % max 0.07 D4294, D5453Lead content, g/L 0.013HD3237 or D5059Net heat of combustion, MJ/kg 40.8 D3338,ID4529,Ior D4809ICorrosion, copper strip (3 h at 50C) max
40、 No. 1 D130Potential gum (5h aging) mg/100 mLJmax 6 D873Alcohols and ether contentK,LD4815, D5599,orD5845Total combined methanol and ethanol, mass %, max 0.3Combined aliphatic ethers, methanol, and ethanol,as mass % oxygen, max2.70.3AThe requirements stated herein are subject to rounding in accordan
41、ce with Practice E29 and are not subject to correction for tolerance of the test method.BThe test methods indicated in this table are referred to in Section 10.CThe maximum dye concentrations shown do not include solvent in dyes supplied in liquid form.DEssentially 1,4-dialkylamino-anthraquinone.EEs
42、sentially alkyl derivatives of azobenzene-4-azo-2-naphthol.FEssentially p-diethylaminoazobenzene or 1,3 benzenediol 2, 4bis(alkylphenyl) azo-.GFuel with a vapor pressure greater than 62 kPa (9.0 psi) but not exceeding 93 kPa (13.5 psi) is permissible, if the ambient temperature is not more than 29C
43、(85F)at the time and place of delivery and all federal and local regulations are met. The vapor pressure of permissible fuel exceeding 62 kPa (9.0 psi) shall be shown on allproduct transfer documents, including the delivery document to the aircraft.HSee X2.10.1 for maximum limits for lead and phosph
44、orus in unleaded gasoline.IUse either Eq 1 or Table 1 in Test Method D4529, or Eq 2 in Test Method D3338. See X2.7.2 for limitations and oxygen corrections required when Test Methods D3338and D4529 are applied to fuels blended with aliphatic ethers.JTest Method D381 existent gum test can provide a m
45、eans of detecting deteriorated quality or contamination, or both, with heavier products following distribution fromrefinery to airport; refer to X2.9.1.KNo deliberate addition of alcohols is allowed except for isopropyl alcohol, which is allowed as an additive (see 6.2.4.2)LFor additional informatio
46、n and limitations, see X2.8D6227 10310.1.5 Net Heat of CombustionTest Method D3338,D4529,orD4809.10.1.6 Freezing PointTest Method D2386.10.1.7 Vapor PressureTest Method D4953, D5190,D5191 or D5482.10.1.8 Lead ContentTest Method D3237 or D5059 (TestMethod C).10.1.9 Copper Strip CorrosionTest Method D
47、130 (3hat50C (122F).10.1.10 SulfurTest Method D1266, D2622, D3120,D4294,orD5453.10.1.11 Potential GumTest Method D873, except thatwherever the letter X occurs (referring to oxidation time),insert the number 5, designating the number of hours pre-scribed in this specification.10.1.12 Alcohols/Ethers
48、DetectionTest Method D4815,D5599,orD5845.11. Keywords11.1 aviation gasoline; ether, fuel; gasoline/alcohol blends;gasoline/ether blends; gasoline/oxygenate blends, octane re-quirement; unleaded aviation gasolineAPPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. REASONS FOR SPECIFICATIONX1.1 IntroductionAviatio
49、n gasoline defined by this speci-fication is for use only in engines and associated aircraftspecifically designed or approved to operate on Grade UL82 orGrade UL87 defined by this specification.X1.2 To ensure ready identification of fuels meeting thisspecification, Grade UL82 is dyed purple and Grade UL87 isdyed yellow.X2. SIGNIFICANT FACTORS FOR UNLEADED AVIATION GASOLINEX2.1 IntroductionX2.1.1 This specification was developed to identify broaddistillation range refinery products, including refined hydrocar-bons derived from crude petrole
