1、Designation: D 6232 03Standard Guide forSelection of Sampling Equipment for Waste andContaminated Media Data Collection Activities1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6232; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of re
2、vision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers criteria that should be consideredwhen selecting sampling equipment for collect
3、ing environmen-tal and waste samples for waste management activities (seeGuides D 4687, D 5730, D 6009, D 6051, and PracticeD 5283). This guide includes a list of equipment that is usedand is readily available. Many specialized sampling devices arenot specifically included in this guide. However, th
4、e factorsthat should be weighed when choosing any piece of equipmentare covered and remain the same for the selection of any pieceof equipment. Sampling equipment described in this guideincludes automatic samplers, pumps, bailers, tubes, scoops,spoons, shovels, dredges, coring and augering devices.
5、Theselection of sampling locations is outside the scope of thisguide.1.1.1 Table 1 lists selected equipment and its applicability tosampling matrices, including water (surface and ground),sediments, soils, liquids, multi-layered liquids, mixed solid-liquid phases, and consolidated and unconsolidated
6、 solids. Theguide does not address specifically the collection of samples ofany suspended materials from flowing rivers or streams. Referto Guide D 4411 for more information.1.2 Table 2 presents the same list of equipment and itsapplicability for use based on compatibility of sample andequipment; vo
7、lume of the sample required; physical require-ments such as power, size, and weight; ease of operation anddecontamination; and whether it is reusable or disposable.1.3 Table 3 provides the basis for selection of suitableequipment by the use of an Index.1.4 Lists of advantages and disadvantages of se
8、lected sam-pling devices and line drawings and narratives describing theoperation of sampling devices are also provided.1.5 The values stated in both inch-pound and SI units are tobe regarded separately as the standard. The values given inparentheses are for information only.1.6 This guide offers an
9、 organized collection of informationor a series of options and does not recommend a specific courseof action. This guide cannot replace education or experienceand should be used in conjunction with professional judge-ment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in allcircumstances. This gui
10、de is not intended to represent orreplace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a givenprofessional service must be judged, nor should this documentbe applied without consideration of a projects many uniqueaspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this guide meansonly that it has been app
11、roved through the ASTM consensusprocess.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory
12、limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1452 Practice for Soil Investigation and Sampling byAuger BoringsD 1586 Test Method for Penetration Test and Split-BarrelSampling of SoilsD 1587 Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Geotechnical Sam-pling of SoilsD 3550 Practice for Ring
13、-Lined Barrel Sampling of SoilsD 4136 Practice for Sampling Phytoplankton with Water-Sampling BottlesD 4342 Practice for Collecting of Benthic Macroinverte-brates with Ponar Grab SamplerD 4343 Practice for Collecting Benthic Macroinvertebrateswith Ekman Grab SamplerD 4348 Practice for Collecting Ben
14、thic Macroinvertebrateswith Holme (Scoop) Grab SamplerD 4387 Guide for Selecting Grab Sampling Devices forCollecting Benthic Macroinvertibrates1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on WasteManagement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.01 onPlanning for Samp
15、ling.Current edition approved March 10, 2003. Published May 2003. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 6232 00.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards
16、 volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.TABLE 1 Equipment SelectionMatrix GuideEquipment(May be used for discrete samplecollectionWater and
17、Waste Water Sediment Soil WasteSurfaceWaterGroundWaterPointDischargeLiquidMulti-LayerLiquidMixed PhaseSolid/LiquidConsolidatedSolidUnconsolidatedSolidPumps and SiphonsAutomatic SamplerNon volatiles *D 6538G*D 6538G-NNN - - -Automatic Composite SamplerVolatiles*-Air/Gas Displacement Pump *D 4448G*- *
18、 - - -Piston Displacement Pump *D 4448GNBladder Pumps *D 4448G*-N - - -D 6771P- -Peristaltic Pump * *D 4448G*-* * N - -Centrifugal Submersible Pump * * * - - N N - - -Gear Drive Pump * * * - - N N - - -Progressing Cavity Pump * * * - - N N - - -Inertia Lift Pump - * - - - - - - - -DredgesEkman Dredg
19、e - - - *D 4387GD 4343P- - - - -Petersen Dredge - - - *D 4387G- - - - -Ponar Dredge - - - *D 4387GD 4342PDiscrete Depth SamplersBacon Bomb *D 6759P- -*D 6759PN- - -Kemmerer Sampler *D 4136PD 6759PD 6759P- - - - - -Syringe Sampler *D 5743G-N *D 6759P*D 6759P*D 6759P-D 6759P- - - - - -Peristaltic Pump
20、 *D 6759P*D 4448G*D 6759P-*D 6759P*D 6759PN-Lidded Sludge/Water Sampler - - - - - N N *D 6759P-NDiscrete Level Sampler *D 6759P*D 6759P-*D 6759P*D 6759P- -Push Coring DevicesTemporary G.W. Sampler - * - - - N - - - -Penetrating Probe Sampler - - - N * - - N - *Split Barrel Sampler - - - * *D 1586TM*
21、D 4700G- NConcentric Tube Thief - - - - - - - - - *Trier - - - - * - - N - *D 5451P*E 300PThin Walled Tube - - - *D 4823G*D 1587PD 4700G- - - *Coring Type w/Valve - - - N *D 4823G- * - *Miniature Core Sampler - - - N *D 4547GD 6418P- NModified Syringe Sampler - - - N *D 4547G- - - NSoft Sediment Sam
22、pler - - - * N - - N - NRotating Coring DevicesScrew Auger - - - - - - - - * -Rotating Corer - - - *D 4823G*D 4700G-Augering DevicesBucket Auger - - - N *D 1452PD 4700G- - - *D 1452P*D 6907P*D 6907PFlighted Auger - - - * * - - - N NCaptive Screw Auger - - - - - - - - N *Peat Borer - - - * * - - - -
23、NLiquid Profile DevicesCOLIWASA - - - - - *D 5495PD 5743G*D 5495PD 5743G-Reuseable Point Sampler N - N - - * * * - -Drum Thief - - - - - * * * - -Valved Drum Sampler - - - - - * * * - -Plunger Type Sampler N - N - - *D 5743G*D 5743G*D 5743G-Liquids Profiler N - N - - *D 6759P*D 6759P*D 6759PSurface
24、Sampling Devices (Liquids)Bailer N *D 4448G-NN - - -*D 6699P- -Point Sampling Bailer N *D 4448G-NN - - -*D 6699P- -D6232032D 4411 Guide for Sampling Fluvial Sediment in MotionD 4448 Guide for Sampling Groundwater Monitoring WellsD 4547 Practice for Sampling Waste and Soils for VolatileOrganicsD 4687
25、 Guide for General Planning of Waste SamplingD 4700 Guide for Soil Sampling from the Vadose ZoneD 4823 Guide for Core Sampling Submerged, Unconsoli-dated SedimentsD 5013 Practices for Sampling Wastes from Pipes andOther Point DischargesD 5079 Practices for Preserving and Transporting RockCore Sample
26、sD 5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field EquipmentUsed at Nonradioactive Waste SitesD 5283 Practice for Generation of Environmental DataRelated to Waste Management Activities: Quality Assur-ance and Quality Control Planning and ImplementationD 5314 Guide for Soil Gas Monitoring in the Vadose Zo
27、neD 5358 Practice for Sampling with a Dipper or PondSamplerD 5451 Practice for Sampling Using a Trier SamplerD 5495 Practice for Sampling with a Composite LiquidWaste Sampler COLIWASAD 5633 Practice for Sampling with a ScoopD 5679 Practice for Sampling Consolidated Solids inDrums or Similar Containe
28、rsD 5680 Practice for Sampling Unconsolidated Solids inDrums or Similar ContainersD 5730 Guide for Site Characterization for EnvironmentalPurposes with Emphasis on Soil, Rock, the Vadose Zoneand Ground WaterD 5743 Practice for Sampling Single or Multilayered Liq-uids, With or Without Solids, in Drum
29、s or Similar Con-tainersD 5784 Guide for Use of Hollow-Stem Augers for Geoen-vironmental Exploration and the Installation of SubsurfaceWater-Quality Monitoring DevicesD 6001 Guide for Direct-Push Water Sampling for Geoen-vironmental InvestigationsD 6009 Guide for Sampling Waste PilesD 6044 Guide for
30、 Representative Sampling and Manage-ment of Waste and Contaminated MediaD 6051 Guide for Composite Sampling and Field Subsam-pling for Environmental Waste Management ActivitiesD 6063 Guide for of Sampling Drums and Similar Contain-ers by Field PersonnelD 6151 Practice for Using Hollow-Stem Augers fo
31、r Geo-technical Exploration and Soil SamplingD 6282 Guide for Direct Push Soil Sampling for Environ-mental Site CharacterizationsD 6286 Guide for Selection of Drilling Methods of Envi-ronmental Site CharacterizationD 6418 Practice for Using the Disposable En Core Samplerfor Sampling and Storing Soil
32、 for Volatile Organic Analy-sisD 6538 Guide for Sampling Wastewater with AutomaticSamplersD 6634 Guide for the Selection of Purging and SamplingDevices for Ground Water Monitoring WellsD 6640 Practice for the Collection and Handling of SoilsObtained in Core Barrel Samplers for EnvironmentalInvestiga
33、tionsD 6661 Practice for Field Collection of Organic Com-pounds from Surfaces Using Wipe SamplingD 6699 Practice for Sampling Liquids Using BailersD 6759 Practice for Sampling Liquids using Grab andDiscrete Depth SamplersD 6771 Practice for Low-Flow Purging and Sampling forWells and Devices Used for
34、 Ground-Water Qualtiy Inves-tigationsD 6907 Practice for Sampling Soils and Contaminated Me-dia with Hand-Operated Bucket AugersE 300 Practice for Sampling Industrial ChemicalsE 1391 Guide for Collection, Storage, Characterization, andTABLE 1 ContinuedEquipment(May be used for discrete samplecollect
35、ionWater and Waste Water Sediment Soil WasteSurfaceWaterGroundWaterPointDischargeLiquidMulti-LayerLiquidMixed PhaseSolid/LiquidConsolidatedSolidUnconsolidatedSolidDifferential Pressure Bailer - *D 6699P-NN - - -Dipper *D 5358P-*D 5013P-*D 5358P-*D 5358P-Liquid Grab Sampler * - N - - * * * - -Swing J
36、ar Sampler * - N N - * * N - -Passive Sampler, Bag Type * * - - - - - - - -Passive Sampler, Chamber Type - * - - - - - - - -Surface Sampling Devices (Solids)Impact Devices - - - - - - - - * -Spoon N - N - *D 4700GNN - NScoops and Trowel - - - N *D 4700GN- N *Shovels - - - N *D 4700G- -Multi-Level Sa
37、mpling DevicesDedicated Type 1 - * - - N - - - - -Dedicated Type 2 - * - - N - - - - -Portable - N - - * - - - - -* Equipment may be used with this matrix N =Not equipment of choice but use is possible -As indicatedG=ASTM GuideTM=ASTM Test MethodP= ASTM PracticeD6232033TABLE 2 Sampling Equipment Sel
38、ection GuideEquipmentChemical Physical Effect on Sample Volume Range PhysicalEase ofOperation DeconDisposal orReusePumps and SiphonAutomatic SamplerNonvolatiles = U B/P RAutomatic Composite SamplerVolatiles = U B/P RAir/Gas Displacement Pump U P/S/W RPiston Displacement Pump U P/S/W RBladder Pumps =
39、 = U P/S/W RPeristaltic Pump = U B/P = RCentrifugal Submersible Pump U P/S/W = RGear Drive Pump U B/P = D/RProgressive Cavity Pump U P = RInertia Lift Pump = UB/N= RDredgesEkman Dredge = 0.5-3.0 N RPetersen Dredge 0.5-3.0 W RPonar Dredge = 0.5-3.0 W RDiscrete Depth SamplersBacon Bomb =0.1-0.5 N = RK
40、emmerer Sampler 1.0-2.0 N =Syringe Sampler = = 0.2-0.5 N = RLidded Sludge/Water Sampler = 1.0 S/W RDiscrete Level Sampler = = 0.2-0.5 N = RPush Coring DevicesTemporary G.W. Sampler = = 0.1-0.3 P/S/W RPenetrating Probe Sampler 0.2-2.0 S/W = RSplit Barrel Sampler = 0.5-30.0 S/W = RConcentric Tube Thei
41、f = 0.5-1.0 N RTrier = 0.1-0.5 N = RThin Walled Tube 0.5-5.0 S/W RCoring Type w/Valve = = 0.2-1.5 N = RMiniature Core Sampler 0.01-0.05 N DModified Syringe Sampler = =0.01-0.05 N = DSoft Sediment Sampler 1.6-7.0 N RRotating Coring DevicesScrew Auger = 0.1-0.3 N = RRotating Coring Device 0.5-1.0 B/P
42、= RAugering DevicesBucket Auger = 0.2-1.0 N = RFlighted Auger = U P/S/W = RCaptive Screw Auger = = 1-2 P = RPeat Borer 0.3 S RLiquid Profiling DevicesCOLIWASA = = 0.5-3.0 N = D/RReuseable Point Sampler = 0.2-0.6 N = RDrum Thief = = 0.1-0.5 N = D/Valved Drum Sampler = 0.3-1.6 N =D/RPlunger Type Sampl
43、er = = 0.2-U N D/RLiquids Profiler =1.3-4.0 N = RSurface Sampling Devices (Liquids)Bailer = 0.5-2.0 N =D/RPoint Sampling Bailer =0.5-2.0 N RDifferential Pressure Bailer = =0.04-1.0 N = RDipper 0.5-1.0 N RLiquid Grab Sampler = = 0.5-1.0 N = RSwing Jar Sampler =0.5-1.0 N RPassive Sampler, Bag Type = =
44、 0.1-0.2 N =D/RPassive Sampler, Chamber Type 1-4 W/S D/RSurface Sampling Devices (Solids)Impact Devices N/A B/P = RSpoon = N/A N RScoops and Trowel 0.1-0.6 N = RShovels = 1.0-5.0 N RMulti-Level Sampling DevicesDedicated Type 1 = = U W/S D/RDedicated Type 2 U W/S - DPortable = = 0.01 N DR= Significan
45、t operation consideration= = Not a significant operational considerationRange of Volume (liters)U = UnlimitedN/A = Not ApplicablePhysical Requirements:B = Battery W = WeightP = Power S = SizeN = No limitationsDisposal and Reuse:R = ReusableD = Single-UseD6232034Manipulation of Sediments for Toxicolo
46、gical Testing3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 consolidated, adja compact solid not easily com-pressed or broken into smaller particles.3.1.2 decontamination, nthe process of removing or re-ducing to a known level undesirable physical or chemicalconstituents, or
47、both, from a sampling apparatus to maximizethe representativeness of physical or chemical analyses pro-posed for a given sample.3.1.3 data quality objectives (DQOs), nqualitative orquantitative statement(s) derived from the DQO process de-scribing the problem(s), the decision rule(s) and the uncerta
48、in-ties of the decision(s) stated in the context of the problem.3.1.4 environmental data, ndefined for use in this docu-ment to mean data in support of environmental activities.3.1.5 matrix, nthe principal constituent(s) of a material.3.1.6 unconsolidated, adjdefined for use in this guide tomean unc
49、emented or uncompacted material that is easilyseparated into smaller portions.3.1.7 representative sample, na sample collected in such amanner that it reflects one or more characteristics of interest (asdefined by the project objectives) of a population from whichit was collected. (D 6044)4. Summary of Guide4.1 This guide discusses important criteria which should beconsidered when choosing sampling equipment.4.1.1 Criteria discussed in this guide include physical
