1、Designation: D 6237 03Standard Guide forPainting Inspectors (Concrete and Masonry Substrates)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6237; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide is intended as an information aid to paintinginspectors in carrying out the task efficiently. It includes thekey elements o
3、f surface preparation, coatings application, andfinal approval for both field and shop work. The items shouldbe selected that are pertinent to a particular job.NOTE 1For additional helpful information, refer to the followingdocuments:Manual of Concrete Practice ACI 515R American Concrete Institute2M
4、anual of Coating Work for Light Water Nuclear Power Plant PrimaryContainment and Other Safety Related Facilities3C 811 Practice for Surface Preparation of Concrete for Application ofChemical-Resistant Resin Monolithic Surfacings4SSPC-PA Guide 3 - A Guide to Safety in Paint Application5Steel Structur
5、es Painting Manual Vol. 1- Good Painting Practices5Steel Structures Painting Manual Vol. 2 - Systems and Specifications5Manufacturers Specifications and Instructions (made available to theinspector for reference to special requirements for proper application)Material Safety Data Sheets (needed to in
6、sure that personnel takenecessary precautions in handling hazardous materials) Available fromMaterials manufacturer.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesaf
7、ety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of whomever uses this standard to consult andestablish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This guide is arranged in the following order:SectionRefer
8、enced Documents 2ASTM Standards 2.1OSHA Standards 2.2ICRI Standards 2.3SSPC Standards 2.4Significance and Use 3Preparation for Inspection 4Surface Preparation Methods and Requirements 5Surface Preparation 5.1Factors Affecting Coating Performance 5.2Surface Condition 5.2.1Cleanliness 5.2.2Moisture 5.
9、2.3Surface Preparation Procedures 5.3Dry Surface Cleaning 5.3.1Water and Steam Cleaning 5.3.2Mechanical Tool Cleaning 5.3.3Hand Tool Cleaning 5.3.3.1Power Tool Cleaning 5.3.3.2Scarifying Machines 5.3.3.3Pre- and Post-Surface Preparation 5.3.3.4Finished Surface 5.3.3.5Blast Cleaning 5.3.4Water Blast
10、Cleaning 5.3.5Acid Etching 5.3.6Precautions in Preparing Unpainted andPreviously Painted Surfaces 5.4Inspection of Surfaces Prior to Field Painting 5.5New Construction 5.5.1Maintenance Repainting 5.5.2Cracks and Voids 6Cracks 6.1Cracks in Concrete 6.1.1Joints in Concrete 6.1.2Voids 6.2Recoat Interva
11、ls 6.3Coating Storage and Handling 7Storage of Coating and Thinner 7.1Mixing of Coatings 7.2Thinning 7.3Initial Samples 7.3.1Thinning of Coating 7.3.2Sampling of Thinned Coating 7.3.3Heating of Coating 7.4Weather Considerations 8Drying 8.1Low Temperature 8.2High Temperature 8.3Moisture 8.4Wind 8.5Co
12、ating Application 9Residual Contaminants 9.1Quality Assurance 9.2Film Defects 9.2.1Brush Application 9.3Spray Application 9.4Roller Application 9.5Miscellaneous Methods 9.6Rate of Application 9.7Additional Considerations 10Ventilation 10.1Painting Schedule 10.2Film Integrity 10.3Recoat Time 10.41Thi
13、s guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.46 on Industrial Protective Coatings.Current edition approved July 10, 2003. Published September 2003. Originallyapproved in 1998. Las
14、t previous edition approved in 1998 as D 6237 - 98.2American Concrete Institute, P.O. Box 19150, Detroit, MI 48219.3ASTM, 1979.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.05.5SSPC: The Society for Protective Coatings, 40 24th Street, Pittsburgh, PA15222.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Driv
15、e, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Coating System Failure 10.5Inspection Equipment 11General 11.1Adhesion of Existing Coating 11.1.1Portable Pull-Off Adhesion 11.1.2Field Inspection Equipment 11.2Drying and Curing Times 11.2.1Thermometers 11.2.1.1Relative Humidity and De
16、w Point 11.2.1.2Viscosity Cups 11.2.2Wet-Film Thickness Gages 11.2.3Interchemical Gage 11.2.3.1Notched Gage 11.2.3.2Dry-Film Thickness Gages 11.2.4Destructive Thickness Gage 11.2.4.1Nondestructive Film Thickness Gages 11.2.4.2Discontinuity (Holiday) Tester 11.3Inspection Checklist Appendix2. Referen
17、ced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C 811 Practice for Surface Preparation of Concrete forApplication of Chemical-Resistant Resin Monolithic Sur-facings4D 1212 Test Methods for Measurement of Wet Film Thick-ness of Organic Coatings6D 1475 Test Methods for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,and Related Pro
18、ducts6D 4138 Test Methods for Measurement of Dry Film Thick-ness of Protective Coating Systems by Destructive Means7D 4212 Test Method for Viscosity by Dip-Type ViscosityCups6D 4258 Practice for Surface Cleaning Concrete for Coating7D 4259 Practice for Abrading Concrete7D 4260 Practice for Acid Etch
19、ing Concrete7D 4262 Test Method for pH of Chemically Cleaned orEtched Concrete Surfaces7D 4263 Test Method for Indicating Moisture in Concrete bythe Plastic Sheet Method7D 4285 Test Method for Indicating Oil or Water Com-pressed Air7D 4414 Practice for Measurement of Wet Film Thickness byNotch Gages
20、6D 4541 Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of CoatingsUsing Portable Adhesion Testers7D 4787 Practice for Continuity Verification of Liquid orSheet Linings Applied to Concrete Substrates7D 5064 Practice for Conducting a Patch Test to AssessCoating Compatibility7D 6132 Test Method for Nondestructive M
21、easurement ofDry Film Thickness of Applied Organic Coatings OverConcrete Using an Ultrasonic Gage6E 1907 Practices for Determining Moisture-Related Accept-ability of Concrete Floors to Receive Moisture-SensitiveFinishes8F 1869 Test Method for Measuring Moisture Vapor Emis-sion Rate of Concrete Subfl
22、oor Using Anhydrous CalciumChloride8F 2170 Test Method for Determining Relative Humidity inConcrete Floor Slabs Using in situ Probes82.2 Occupational Safety and Health Administration(OSHA) Standard:29 CFR 1910.1200, Hazard Communication92.3 International Concrete Repair InstituteGuideline No. 03732
23、Selecting and Specifying ConcreteSurface Preparation for Sealers, Coatings, and PolymerOverlays102.4 SSPC Standards:5SSPC-SP1 Solvent CleaningSSPC-SP7/NACE No. 4 Brush-off Blast CleaningSSPC-PA1 Paint Application SpecificationsSSPC-Guide 6 (CON) Guide for Containing Debris Gener-ated During Paint Re
24、moval OperationsSSPC-Guide 7 (DIS) Guide for the Disposal of Lead-Contaminated Surface Preparation DebrisSSPC-SP12/NACE No. 5 Surface Preparation and Cleaningof Steel and Other Hard Materials by High- and Ultrahigh-Pressure Water Jetting Prior to RecoatingSSPC-SP13/NACE No. 6 Surface Preparation of
25、Concrete3. Significance and Use3.1 This guide is intended as a reference for those concernedwith the inspection of thin- or thick-film coating application toconcrete and masonry substrates. It does not cover the appli-cation of cement-type coatings. A checklist is included asAppendix X1.1. Many of t
26、he details covered may be in aspecification for a particular project. A specification for coatingprojects should include the coatings to be used.4. Preparation for Inspection4.1 The guide describes the duties of the inspector anddiscusses inspection methods, both visual and instrumental,that can be
27、used to determine that the specification require-ments have been met by the painting contractor.4.2 Before the start of the job, the inspector should beprovided information by the project engineer from the officialplans and specifications as to surface preparation requirements,coating type, thinner
28、to be used, mixing ratios to be used,recommended application thickness, recommended primer, tiecoat, topcoat, time between coats, method of application,ambient condition restrictions, and any special precautions tobe followed. These details should be recorded in an inspectorsrecord book to eliminate
29、 any misunderstanding between theinspector and the contractor.4.3 The inspector should obtain copies of Materials SafetyData Sheets for all products that will be used on the project,review any hazard communications program in accordancewith 29 CFR 1910.1200 that will apply to the project, andreview
30、other safety information related to the work that will beperformed by the contractor. The inspector should examinethese materials and be supplied with appropriate protectiveequipment and devices.6Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.7Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.02.8Annual Book of ASTM
31、Standards, Vol 15.04.9Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.10Available from International Concrete Repair Institute, 3166 S. River Rd.,Suite 132, Des Plaines, IL 60018.D62370325. Surface Preparation Me
32、thods and Requirements5.1 Surface PreparationOne of the most important factorsaffecting the performance of coatings is surface preparation.The specifier determines the proper level according to theexpected service life and type of coating specified. Informationon selection of the level of surface pr
33、eparation can be found inSSPC-SP13/NACE No. 6 and ICRI Guide No. 03732.5.2 Factors Affecting Coating PerformanceThere are anumber of factors that must be considered to ensure a properpainting project.5.2.1 Surface ConditionConcrete and masonry haveunique properties associated with them due to their
34、physicalnature and method of formation. New concrete may be verysmooth and hard if hard trowel finished, or have cavities andholes at or just below the surface if poured. As with surfacepreparation of other substrates, contaminants must be removedand the surface suitably roughened. All protrusions s
35、hould beremoved by suitable hand or power tool technique prior tocleaning. Visible holes should be filled with a patchingcompound compatible with the coating to be applied.5.2.2 CleanlinessMany materials, if not removed fromthe surface, will affect the life of the coating. These includeform release
36、agents, surface hardeners, laitance, efflorescence,grease, soil, fungus, mold, and mildew, which make it impos-sible to obtain proper adhesion.5.2.3 MoistureThere should be no free standing water onthe surface although a damp surface may be allowed for certaintypes of coatings. Moisture is required
37、to cure concrete, butafter the specified cure time has passed, the inspector shouldcheck for excessive moisture below the surface as determinedby Test Method D 4263 or by use of a moisture meter. Manycoating types will not adhere over entrapped moisture. Con-crete slabs to which a floor coating will
38、 be applied are morecommonly checked for moisture vapor transmission rate usingthe calcium chloride method as described in Test MethodF 1869, or in situ probes as described in Test Method F 2170.5.3 Surface Preparation ProceduresSafety precautionsare not addressed separately for each of the followin
39、g surfacepreparation methods. Each has its own safety-related hazards,and U.S. Occupational Health and Safety Administrationregulations should be followed. Materials Safety Data Sheets(MSDS) for the solvents and cleaning compounds provided bythe manufacturer should also be consulted for proper worke
40、rprotection.5.3.1 Dry Surface CleaningBroom, vacuum cleaners or acompressed air stream, or both, are used to remove surface dustand other loosely adherent solid contaminants in accordancewith 6.1 to 6.3 of Practice D 4258. Compressed air should befree of water and oil. Test compressed air supply in
41、accordancewith Test Method D 4285. Visually examine the surface for thepresence of dust, debris and loosely adherent concrete.5.3.2 Water and Steam CleaningThese procedures areintended to remove dust, dirt, and water-soluble surface con-taminants. Clean, potable water is used with sufficient pressur
42、eto remove dust, dirt, and loose material. Hand scrubbing witha stiff-bristled brush may be necessary. Visually examine theprepared surface for debris, dirt, oil, grease, loosely adherentconcrete, and other contaminants. Moisture content may bedetermined after the surface has dried in accordance wit
43、h TestMethod D 4263 or by use of a moisture meter.5.3.2.1 Detergents or nonorganic solvent emulsifying agentsare used with water and steam cleaning to remove oil andgrease contaminants. Heavy oil grease deposits should beremoved by scraping prior to cleaning. Residues of thecleaning agent should be
44、removed by flushing the surface withclean potable water before the surface dries. In some casesremoval of the cleaning agent may be verified by measuring thesurface pH in accordance with Test Method D 4262.5.3.2.2 Practice D 4258, 6.4 to 6.6 present the proceduresand test methods for water and steam
45、 cleaning both with andwithout detergents or emulsifying agents.5.3.3 Mechanical Tool CleaningMechanical tool cleaningis used to remove fins and projections, laitance, glaze, efflo-rescence, and concrete curing compounds. It results in a soundconcrete surface that is suitably roughened. Mechanical t
46、oolcleaning is presented in Practice D 4259, 6.1 to 6.5. Varioustechniques may be required by the specifier depending on thenature of the job.5.3.3.1 Hand Tool Cleaning is one method used for theremoval of loose or otherwise unsound concrete, by handbrushing, hand sanding, hand chipping, or scraping
47、 using wire,fiber or bristle brushes, grinding stones, sandpaper, steel wool,hand scrapers or chisels, and chipping hammers.5.3.3.1.1 Wire brushes should be rigid enough to clean thesurface thoroughly and shaped to penetrate into all corners andjoints. Brushes should be kept free of all materials th
48、at mayclog the wires of the brush.5.3.3.1.2 Hand scrapers should be made of tool steel,tempered and ground to a sharp edge and should be of theproper size and shape to enable cleaning to be done asspecified. Scrapers should be kept sharp at all times.5.3.3.2 Power Tool Cleaning is a method used for
49、theremoval of loose or otherwise defective concrete and protru-sions by power wire brushes, power impact tools, powergrinders, power sanders or by a combination of these methods.All equipment should be suitable for the configuration of thework to be cleaned and maintained free of material that clogsthe wire or disks making them ineffective. All impact toolsshould be kept sharp.5.3.3.3 Scarifying Machines for concrete surfaces are avail-able that either cut or chip away a thin layer. Aggregateloosened by mechanical impacting should be removed.5.3.3.4 Pre- and Post-Surface Prepar
