1、Designation: D 6237 09Standard Guide forPainting Inspectors (Concrete and Masonry Substrates)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6237; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide is intended as an information aid to paintinginspectors in carrying out the task efficiently. It includes thekey elements of
3、 surface preparation, coatings application, andfinal approval for both field and shop work. The items shouldbe selected that are pertinent to a particular job.NOTE 1For additional helpful information, refer to the followingdocuments:Manual of Concrete Practice ACI 515R American Concrete Institute2Ma
4、nual of Coating Work for Light Water Nuclear Power Plant PrimaryContainment and Other Safety Related Facilities3C811Practice for Surface Preparation of Concrete for Application ofChemical-Resistant Resin Monolithic Surfacings4SSPC-PA Guide 3 - A Guide to Safety in Paint Application5Steel Structures
5、Painting Manual Vol. 1- Good Painting Practices5Steel Structures Painting Manual Vol. 2 - Systems and Specifications5Manufacturers Specifications and Instructions (made available to theinspector for reference to special requirements for proper application)Material Safety Data Sheets (needed to insur
6、e that personnel takenecessary precautions in handling hazardous materials). Available fromMaterials manufacturer.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafet
7、y concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of whomever uses this standard to consult andestablish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This guide is arranged in the following order:SectionReferen
8、ced Documents 2ASTM Standards 2.1OSHA Standards 2.2ICRI Standards 2.3SSPC Standards 2.4Significance and Use 3Preparation for Inspection 4Surface Preparation Methods and Requirements 5Surface Preparation 5.1Factors Affecting Coating Performance 5.2Surface Condition 5.2.1Cleanliness 5.2.2Moisture 5.2.
9、3Surface Preparation Procedures 5.3Dry Surface Cleaning 5.3.1Water and Steam Cleaning 5.3.2Mechanical Tool Cleaning 5.3.3Hand Tool Cleaning 5.3.3.1Power Tool Cleaning 5.3.3.2Scarifying Machines 5.3.3.3Pre- and Post-Surface Preparation 5.3.3.4Finished Surface 5.3.3.5Blast Cleaning 5.3.4Water Blast Cl
10、eaning 5.3.5Acid Etching 5.3.6Precautions in Preparing Unpainted andPreviously Painted Surfaces 5.4Inspection of Surfaces Prior to Field Painting 5.5New Construction 5.5.1Maintenance Repainting 5.5.2Cracks and Voids 6Cracks 6.1Cracks in Concrete 6.1.1Joints in Concrete 6.1.2Voids 6.2Recoat Intervals
11、 6.3Coating Storage and Handling 7Storage of Coating and Thinner 7.1Mixing of Coatings 7.2Thinning 7.3Initial Samples 7.3.1Thinning of Coating 7.3.2Sampling of Thinned Coating 7.3.3Heating of Coating 7.4Weather Considerations 8Drying 8.1Low Temperature 8.2High Temperature 8.3Moisture 8.4Wind 8.5Coat
12、ing Application 9Residual Contaminants 9.1Quality Assurance 9.2Film Defects 9.2.1Brush Application 9.31This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.46 on Industrial Protective
13、Coatings.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2009. Published March 2009. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 6237 - 03.2Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.concrete.org.3ASTM, 1979.4For referenced
14、 ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.5Available from Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC), 40 24th St., 6th Flo
15、or,Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4656, http:/www.sspc.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Spray Application 9.4Roller Application 9.5Miscellaneous Methods 9.6Rate of Application 9.7Additional Considerations 10Ventilation 10.1P
16、ainting Schedule 10.2Film Integrity 10.3Recoat Time 10.4Coating System Failure 10.5Inspection Equipment 11General 11.1Adhesion of Existing Coating 11.1.1Portable Pull-Off Adhesion 11.1.2Field Inspection Equipment 11.2Drying and Curing Times 11.2.1Thermometers 11.2.1.1Relative Humidity and Dew Point
17、11.2.1.2Viscosity Cups 11.2.2Wet-Film Thickness Gages 11.2.4Interchemical Gage 11.2.4.1Notched Gage 11.2.4.2Dry-Film Thickness Gages 11.2.5Destructive Thickness Gage 11.2.5.1Nondestructive Film Thickness Gages 11.2.5.2Discontinuity (Holiday) Tester 11.3Inspection Checklist Appendix X12. Referenced D
18、ocuments2.1 ASTM Standards:4C811 Practice for Surface Preparation of Concrete forApplication of Chemical-Resistant Resin Monolithic Sur-facingsD 1212 Test Methods for Measurement of Wet Film Thick-ness of Organic CoatingsD 1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,and Related ProductsD 3
19、359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestD 4138 Practices for Measurement of Dry Film Thicknessof Protective Coating Systems by Destructive, Cross-Sectioning MeansD 4212 Test Method for Viscosity by Dip-Type ViscosityCupsD 4258 Practice for Surface Cleaning Concrete for CoatingD 4259 Prac
20、tice for Abrading ConcreteD 4260 Practice for Liquid and Gelled Acid Etching ofConcreteD 4262 Test Method for pH of Chemically Cleaned orEtched Concrete SurfacesD 4263 Test Method for Indicating Moisture in Concrete bythe Plastic Sheet MethodD 4285 Test Method for Indicating Oil or Water in Com-pres
21、sed AirD 4414 Practice for Measurement of Wet Film Thickness byNotch GagesD 4787 Practice for Continuity Verification of Liquid orSheet Linings Applied to Concrete SubstratesD 5064 Practice for Conducting a Patch Test to AssessCoating CompatibilityD 6132 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of
22、Dry Film Thickness ofApplied Organic Coatings Using anUltrasonic GageD 6677 Test Method for Evaluating Adhesion by KnifeD 7234 Test Method for Pull-Off Adhesion Strength ofCoatings on Concrete Using Portable Pull-Off AdhesionTestersE 1907 Guide to Methods of Evaluating Moisture Condi-tions of Concre
23、te Floors to Receive Resilient Floor Cov-erings6F 1869 Test Method for Measuring Moisture Vapor Emis-sion Rate of Concrete Subfloor Using Anhydrous CalciumChlorideF 2170 Test Method for Determining Relative Humidity inConcrete Floor Slabs Using in situ Probes2.2 Occupational Safety and Health Admini
24、stration(OSHA) Standard:29 CFR 1910.1200 Hazard Communication72.3 International Concrete Repair InstituteGuideline No. 03732 Selecting and Specifying ConcreteSurface Preparation for Sealers, Coatings, and PolymerOverlays82.4 SSPC Standards:5SSPC-SP1 Solvent CleaningSSPC-SP7/NACE No. 4 Brush-off Blas
25、t CleaningSSPC-PA1 Paint Application SpecificationsSSPC-Guide 6 Guide for Containing Debris GeneratedDuring Paint Removal OperationsSSPC-Guide 7 Guide for the Disposal of Lead-Contaminated Surface Preparation DebrisSSPC-SP12/NACE No. 5 Surface Preparation and Cleaningof Steel and Other Hard Material
26、s by High- and Ultrahigh-Pressure Water Jetting Prior to RecoatingSSPC-SP13/NACE No. 6 Surface Preparation of Concrete3. Significance and Use3.1 This guide is intended as a reference for those concernedwith the inspection of thin- or thick-film coating application toconcrete and masonry substrates.
27、It does not cover the appli-cation of cement-type coatings. A checklist is included asAppendix X1.1. Many of the details covered may be in aspecification for a particular project.Aspecification for coatingprojects should include the coatings to be used.4. Preparation for Inspection4.1 The guide desc
28、ribes the duties of the inspector anddiscusses inspection methods, both visual and instrumental,that can be used to determine that the specification require-ments have been met by the painting contractor.4.2 Before the start of the job, the inspector should beprovided information by the project engi
29、neer from the officialplans and specifications as to surface preparation requirements,coating type, thinner to be used, mixing ratios to be used,recommended application thickness, recommended primer, tiecoat, topcoat, time between coats, method of application,6Withdrawn. The last approved version of
30、 this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.7Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.8Available from International Concrete Repair Institute, 3166 S. River Rd., Suite1
31、32, Des Plaines, IL 60018, http:/www.icri.org.D6237092ambient condition restrictions, and any special precautions tobe followed. These details should be recorded in an inspectorsrecord book to eliminate any misunderstanding between theinspector and the contractor.4.3 The inspector should obtain copi
32、es of Materials SafetyData Sheets for all products that will be used on the project,review any hazard communications program in accordancewith 29 CFR 1910.1200 that will apply to the project, andreview other safety information related to the work that will beperformed by the contractor. The inspecto
33、r should examinethese materials and be supplied with appropriate protectiveequipment and devices.5. Surface Preparation Methods and Requirements5.1 Surface PreparationOne of the most important factorsaffecting the performance of coatings is surface preparation.The specifier determines the proper lev
34、el according to theexpected service life and type of coating specified. Informationon selection of the level of surface preparation can be found inSSPC-SP13/NACE No. 6 and ICRI Guideline No. 03732.5.2 Factors Affecting Coating PerformanceThere are anumber of factors that must be considered to ensure
35、 a properpainting project.5.2.1 Surface ConditionConcrete and masonry haveunique properties associated with them due to their physicalnature and method of formation. New concrete may be verysmooth and hard if hard trowel finished, or have cavities andholes at or just below the surface if poured. As
36、with surfacepreparation of other substrates, contaminants must be removedand the surface suitably roughened. All protrusions should beremoved by suitable hand or power tool technique prior tocleaning. Visible holes should be filled with a patchingcompound compatible with the coating to be applied.5.
37、2.2 CleanlinessMany materials, if not removed fromthe surface, will affect the life of the coating. These includeform release agents, surface hardeners, laitance, efflorescence,grease, soil, fungus, mold, and mildew, which make it impos-sible to obtain proper adhesion.5.2.3 MoistureThere should be n
38、o free standing water onthe surface although a damp surface may be allowed for certaintypes of coatings. Moisture is required to cure concrete, butafter the specified cure time has passed, the inspector shouldcheck for excessive moisture below the surface as determinedby Test Method D 4263 or by use
39、 of a moisture meter. Manycoating types will not adhere over entrapped moisture. Con-crete slabs to which a floor coating will be applied are morecommonly checked for moisture vapor transmission rate usingthe calcium chloride method as described in Test MethodF 1869, or in situ probes as described i
40、n Test Method F 2170.5.3 Surface Preparation ProceduresSafety precautionsare not addressed separately for each of the following surfacepreparation methods. Each has its own safety-related hazards,and U.S. Occupational Health and Safety Administrationregulations should be followed. Materials Safety D
41、ata Sheets(MSDS) for the solvents and cleaning compounds provided bythe manufacturer should also be consulted for proper workerprotection.5.3.1 Dry Surface CleaningBroom, vacuum cleaners or acompressed air stream, or both, are used to remove surface dustand other loosely adherent solid contaminants
42、in accordancewith paragraphs 6.1 to 6.3 of Practice D 4258. Compressed airshould be free of water and oil. Test compressed air supply inaccordance with Test Method D 4285. Visually examine thesurface for the presence of dust, debris and loosely adherentconcrete.5.3.2 Water and Steam CleaningThese pr
43、ocedures areintended to remove dust, dirt, and water-soluble surface con-taminants. Clean, potable water is used with sufficient pressureto remove dust, dirt, and loose material. Hand scrubbing witha stiff-bristled brush may be necessary. Visually examine theprepared surface for debris, dirt, oil, g
44、rease, loosely adherentconcrete, and other contaminants. Moisture content may bedetermined after the surface has dried in accordance with TestMethod D 4263 or by use of a moisture meter.5.3.2.1 Detergents or nonorganic solvent emulsifying agentsare used with water and steam cleaning to remove oil an
45、dgrease contaminants. Heavy oil grease deposits should beremoved by scraping prior to cleaning. Residues of thecleaning agent should be removed by flushing the surface withclean potable water before the surface dries. In some casesremoval of the cleaning agent may be verified by measuring thesurface
46、 pH in accordance with Test Method D 4262.5.3.2.2 Practice D 4258, paragraphs 6.4 to 6.6 present theprocedures and test methods for water and steam cleaning bothwith and without detergents or emulsifying agents.5.3.3 Mechanical Tool CleaningMechanical tool cleaningis used to remove fins and projecti
47、ons, laitance, glaze, efflo-rescence, and concrete curing compounds. It results in a soundconcrete surface that is suitably roughened. Mechanical toolcleaning is presented in Practice D 4259, paragraphs 6.1 to 6.5.Various techniques may be required by the specifier dependingon the nature of the job.
48、5.3.3.1 Hand Tool Cleaning is one method used for theremoval of loose or otherwise unsound concrete, by handbrushing, hand sanding, hand chipping, or scraping using wire,fiber or bristle brushes, grinding stones, sandpaper, steel wool,hand scrapers or chisels, and chipping hammers.5.3.3.1.1 Wire bru
49、shes should be rigid enough to clean thesurface thoroughly and shaped to penetrate into all corners andjoints. Brushes should be kept free of all materials that mayclog the wires of the brush.5.3.3.1.2 Hand scrapers should be made of tool steel,tempered and ground to a sharp edge and should be of theproper size and shape to enable cleaning to be done asspecified. Scrapers should be kept sharp at all times.5.3.3.2 Power Tool Cleaning is a method used for theremoval of loose or otherwise defective concrete and protru-sions by power wire brushes, power impact tools, powergr
