1、Designation: D 6264/D 6264M 07Standard Test Method forMeasuring the Damage Resistance of a Fiber-ReinforcedPolymer-Matrix Composite to a Concentrated Quasi-StaticIndentation Force1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6264/D 6264M; the number immediately following the designation ind
2、icates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method determines the damage r
3、esistance ofmultidirectional polymer matrix composite laminated platessubjected to a concentrated indentation force (Fig. 1). Proce-dures are specified for determining the damage resistance for atest specimen supported over a circular opening and for arigidly-backed test specimen. The composite mate
4、rial formsare limited to continuous-fiber reinforced polymer matrixcomposites, with the range of acceptable test laminates andthicknesses defined in 8.2. This test method may prove usefulfor other types and classes of composite materials.1.2 A flat, square composite plate is subjected to an out-of-p
5、lane, concentrated force by slowly pressing a hemisphericalindenter into the surface. The damage resistance is quantifiedin terms of a critical contact force to cause a specific size andtype of damage in the specimen.1.3 The test method may be used to screen materials fordamage resistance, or to inf
6、lict damage into a specimen forsubsequent damage tolerance testing. The indented plate can besubsequently tested in accordance with Test Method D 7137/D 7137M to measure residual strength properties. Drop-weightimpact per Test Method D 7136/D 7136M may be used as analternate method of creating damag
7、e from an out-of-planeforce and measuring damage resistance properties.1.4 The damage resistance properties generated by this testmethod are highly dependent upon several factors, whichinclude specimen geometry, layup, indenter geometry, force,and boundary conditions. Thus, results are generally not
8、scalable to other configurations, and are particular to thecombination of geometric and physical conditions tested.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text theinch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated ineac
9、h system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each systemmust be used independently of the other. Combining valuesfrom the two systems may result in nonconformance with thestandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theres
10、ponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-tive Density) of Plastics by Dis
11、placementD 883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD 3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of CompositeMaterialsD 3878 Terminology for Composite MaterialsD 5229/D 5229M Test Method for Moisture AbsorptionProperties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Ma-trix Composite MaterialsD 5687/D 5687M Gui
12、de for Preparation of Flat CompositePanels with Processing Guidelines for Specimen Prepara-tionD 7136/D 7136M Test Method for Measuring the DamageResistance of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Com-posite to a Drop-Weight Impact EventD 7137/D 7137M Test Method for Compressive ResidualStrength Proper
13、ties of Damaged Polymer Matrix Compos-ite PlatesE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Test-ingE18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of MetallicMaterialsE 122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,1This standard is under th
14、e jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D30 on CompositeMaterials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.05 on Structural TestMethods.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published December 2007. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 6264 98(2004).2For refer
15、enced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West
16、 Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Copyright by ASTM Intl (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 1 20:55:10 EST 2008Downloaded/printed byGuo Dehua (CNIS) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristicof a Lot or ProcessE
17、 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE 456 Terminology Relating to Quality and StatisticsE 1309 Guide for Identification of Fiber-ReinforcedPolymer-Matrix Composite Materials in DatabasesE 1434 Guide for Recording Mechanical Test Data of Fiber-Reinforced Composite
18、 Materials in DatabasesE 1471 Guide for Identification of Fibers, Fillers, and CoreMaterials in Computerized Material Property Databases2.2 Military Standards:MIL-HDBK-17-3F Composite Materials Handbook, Vol-ume 3Polymer Matrix Composites Materials Usage,Design and Analysis3MIL-HDBK-728/1 Nondestruc
19、tive Testing4MIL-HDBK-731A Nondestructive Testing Methods ofComposite MaterialsThermography4MIL-HDBK-732A Nondestructive Testing Methods ofComposite MaterialsAcoustic Emission4MIL-HDBK-733A Nondestructive Testing Methods ofComposite MaterialsRadiography4MIL-HDBK-787A Nondestructive Testing Methods o
20、fComposite MaterialsUltrasonics43. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerminology D 3878 defines terms relatingto composite materials. Terminology D 883 defines termsrelating to plastics. Terminology E6defines terms relating tomechanical testing. Terminology E 456 and Practice E 177define terms relating to s
21、tatistics. In the event of a conflictbetween terms, Terminology D 3878 shall have precedenceover the other standards.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This StandardIf theterm represents a physical quantity, its analytical dimensionsare stated immediately following the term (or letter symbol) infu
22、ndamental dimension form, using the following ASTMstandard symbology for fundamental dimensions, shownwithin square brackets: M for mass, L for length, T fortime, u for thermodynamic temperature, and nd for non-dimensional quantities. Use of these symbols is restricted toanalytical dimensions when u
23、sed with square brackets, as thesymbols may have other definitions when used without thebrackets.3.2.1 contact force, F MLT2, nthe force exerted by theindenter on the specimen during the test, as recorded by a forceindicator.3.2.2 dent depth, d L, nresidual depth of the depressionformed by an indent
24、er after removal of applied force. The dentdepth shall be defined as the maximum distance in a directionnormal to the face of the specimen from the lowest point in thedent to the plane of the surface that is undisturbed by the dent.3.2.3 indenter displacement, d L, nthe displacement ofthe indenter r
25、elative to the specimen support.3.2.4 nominal value, na value, existing in name only,assigned to a measurable property for the purpose of conve-nient designation. Tolerances may be applied to a nominalvalue to define an acceptable range for the property.3.2.5 principal material coordinate system, na
26、 coordinatesystem with axes that are normal to the planes of symmetryinherent to a material.3.2.5.1 DiscussionCommon usage, at least for Cartesianaxes (123, xyz, and so forth), generally assigns the coordinatesystem axes to the normal directions of planes of symmetry inorder that the highest propert
27、y value in a normal direction (forelastic properties, the axis of greatest stiffness) would be 1 orx, and the lowest (if applicable) would be 3 or z. Anisotropicmaterials do not have a principal material coordinate systemdue to the total lack of symmetry, while, for isotropic materials,any coordinat
28、e system is a principal material coordinatesystem. In laminated composites, the principal material coor-dinate system has meaning only with respect to an individualorthotropic lamina. The related term for laminated compositesis reference coordinate system.3.2.6 reference coordinate system, na coordi
29、nate systemfor laminated composites used to define ply orientations. Oneof the reference coordinate system axes (normally the Carte-sian x-axis) is designated the reference axis, assigned aposition, and the ply principal axis of each ply in the laminateis referenced relative to the reference axis to
30、 define the plyorientation for that ply.3.3 Symbols:CV = coefficient of variation statistic of a sample populationfor a given property (in percent)D = damage diameter (see Fig. 6)d = dent depth (see 3.2.2)E = energy calculated by integrating the contact force andindenter displacement curveEa= energy
31、 absorbed (inelastically) by the specimen duringthe testEmax= energy at maximum indenter displacementF = contact force (see 3.2.1)Fmax= the maximum contact force exerted on the specimenduring a testn = number of specimens per sample population3Available from U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Materials
32、Directorate, Aber-deen Proving Ground, MD 21001.4Available from U.S. Army Materials Technology Laboratory, Watertown, MA02471.FIG. 1 Quasi-Static Indentation TestD 6264/D 6264M 072Copyright by ASTM Intl (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 1 20:55:10 EST 2008Downloaded/printed byGuo Dehua (CNIS) pursuant
33、to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.N = number of plies in laminate under testsn1= standard deviation statistic of a sample population fora given propertyxi= test result for an individual specimen from the samplepopulation for a given propertyx= mean or average (estimate of mea
34、n) of a sample popu-lation for a given propertyd = indenter displacement (see 3.2.3)do= indenter displacement at initial specimen contactdf= indenter displacement at the end of the unloading cycledmax= maximum indenter displacement during the test4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A quasi-static indentati
35、on (QSI) test is used to measurethe damage resistance on a balanced, symmetric laminatedplate. Damage is imparted through an out-of-plane, concen-trated force (perpendicular to the plane of the laminated plate)applied by slowly pressing a displacement-controlled hemi-spherical indenter into the face
36、 of the specimen (Fig. 1). Thedamage resistance is quantified in terms of the resulting sizeand type of damage in the specimen. The damage response isa function of the test configuration; comparisons cannot bemade between materials unless identical test configurations,test conditions, etc. are used.
37、4.2 Procedures are specified for determining the damageresistance for a test specimen supported over a circular opening(edge supported) and for a rigidly-backed test specimen.4.3 Preferred damage states are centered on the plate and areaway from the plate edges.5. Significance and Use5.1 Susceptibil
38、ity to damage from concentrated out-of-planeforces is one of the major design concerns of many structuresmade of advanced composite laminates. Knowledge of thedamage resistance properties of a laminated composite plate isuseful for product development and material selection.5.2 QSI testing can serve
39、 the following purposes:5.2.1 To simulate the force-displacement relationships ofimpacts governed by boundary conditions (1-7).5These aretypically relatively large-mass low-velocity hard-body impactson plates with a relatively small unsupported region. Since thetest is run slowly in displacement con
40、trol, the desired damagestate can be obtained in a controlled manner. Associatingspecific damage events with a force during a drop-weightimpact test is often difficult due to the oscillations in the forcehistory. In addition, a specific sequence of damage events maybe identified during quasi-static
41、loading while the final damagestate is only identifiable after a drop-weight impact test.5.2.2 To provide an estimate of the impact energy requiredto obtain a similar damage state for drop-weight impact testingif all others parameters are held constant.5.2.3 To establish quantitatively the effects o
42、f stackingsequence, fiber surface treatment, variations in fiber volumefraction, and processing and environmental variables on thedamage resistance of a particular composite laminate to aconcentrated indentation force.5.2.4 To compare quantitatively the relative values of thedamage resistance parame
43、ters for composite materials withdifferent constituents. The damage response parameters caninclude dent depth, damage dimensions and through-thicknesslocations, Fmax, Ea, and Emax, as well as the force versusindenter displacement curve.5.2.5 To impart damage in a specimen for subsequentdamage tolera
44、nce tests, such as Test Method D 7137/D 7137M.5.2.6 To measure the indentation response of the specimenwith and without bending using the two specimen configura-tions (edge supported and rigidly backed).5.3 The properties obtained using this test method canprovide guidance in regard to the anticipat
45、ed damage resistancecapability of composite structures of similar material, thick-ness, stacking sequence, etc. However, it must be understoodthat the damage resistance of a composite structure is highlydependent upon several factors including geometry, thickness,stiffness, mass, support conditions,
46、 etc. Significant differencesin the relationships between force/energy and the resultantdamage state can result due to differences in these parameters.For example, properties obtained using the specimen supportedover a circular hole would more likely reflect the damageresistance characteristics of a
47、n un-stiffened monolithic skin orweb than that of a skin attached to sub-structure which resistsout-of-plane deformation. Similarly, test specimen propertieswould be expected to be similar to those of a panel withequivalent length and width dimensions, in comparison tothose of a panel significantly
48、larger than the test specimen,which tends to divert a greater proportion of the energy intoelastic deformation.5.4 The standard indenter geometry has a blunt, hemispheri-cal tip. Historically, for the standard laminate configuration,this indenter geometry has generated a larger amount ofinternal dam
49、age for a given amount of external damage than istypically observed for similar indenters using sharp tips.5.5 Some testing organizations may desire to use this testmethod in conjunction with Test Method D 7137/D 7137M toassess the compression residual strength of specimens contain-ing a specific damage state, such as a defined dent depth,damage geometry, etc. In this case, the testing organizationshould subject several specimens to multiple energy or forcelevels using this test method. A relationship between energy orforce and the desired damage pa
