1、Designation: D 6278 02An American National StandardStandard Test Method forShear Stability of Polymer Containing Fluids Using aEuropean Diesel Injector Apparatus1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6278; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal
2、 adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the shearstability of po
3、lymer-containing fluids. The test method mea-sures the percent viscosity loss at 100C of polymer-containingfluids when evaluated by a diesel injector apparatus procedurethat uses European diesel injector test equipment. The viscosityloss reflects polymer degradation due to shear at the nozzle.NOTE 1
4、Test Method D 2603 has been used for similar evaluation ofshear stability; limitations are as indicated in the significance statement.No detailed attempt has been undertaken to correlate the results of this testmethod with those of the sonic shear test method.NOTE 2This test method uses test apparat
5、us as defined in CECL-14-A-93. This test method differs from CEC-L-14-A-93 in the period oftime required for calibration.NOTE 3Test Method D 5275 also shears oils in a diesel injectorapparatus but may give different results.NOTE 4This test method has different calibration and operationalrequirements
6、 than Test Method D 3945.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations pri
7、or to use. Specific precau-tionary statements are given in Section 8.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of DynamicViscosity)2D 2603 Test Method for Sonic Shear Stability of Polymer-Containing Oils2
8、D 3945 Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer-Containing Fluids Using a Diesel Injector Nozzle3D 5275 Test Method for Fuel Injector Shear Stability Test(FISST) for Polymer Containing Fluids3D 6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality AssuranceTechniques to Evaluate Analytical Measurement Sy
9、stemPerformance42.2 Coordination European Council (CEC) Standard:CEC L-14-A-93 Evaluation of the Mechanical Shear Sta-bility of Lubricating Oils Containing Polymers53. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 kinematic viscosity, na measure of the resistance toflow of a fluid under gravity.3.2 Definitions o
10、f Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 calibration pressure, nthe recorded gage pressurewhen calibration fluid RL 34 undergoes a viscosity loss of 2.75to 2.85 mm2/s when the recorded gage pressure is within therange of 13.0 to 18.0 MPa.3.2.2 viscosity loss, nthe loss in viscosity determinedfrom the
11、 difference in kinematic viscosity at 100C of pre-sheared and post-sheared fluid.3.2.3 percent viscosity loss, nviscosity loss, as defined in3.2.2, divided by the pre-sheared viscosity, and reported as apercent.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A polymer-containing fluid is passed through a dieselinjecto
12、r nozzle at a shear rate that causes polymer molecules todegrade. The resultant degradation reduces the kinematicviscosity of the fluid under test. The percent viscosity loss is ameasure of the mechanical shear stability of the polymer-containing fluid.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method eva
13、luates the percent viscosity loss forpolymer-containing fluids resulting from polymer degradationin the high shear nozzle device. Thermal or oxidative effectsare minimized.5.2 This test method is used for quality control purposes bymanufacturers of polymeric lubricant additives and their cus-tomers.
14、1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.07 on Flow Properties.Current edition approved April 10, 2002. Published June 2002. Originallypublished as D 627898. Last previous edition D 62789
15、8.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.03.5Available from CEC Secretariat, Madou Plaza, 25thfloor, Place Madou 1,B-1210 Brussels, Belgium.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Cons
16、hohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.3 This test method is not intended to predict viscosity lossin field service in different field equipment under widelyvarying operating conditions, which may cause lubricant vis-cosity to change due to thermal and oxidative changes as wellas by the mechanical
17、 shearing of polymer. However, when thefield service conditions, primarily or exclusively, result in thedegradation of polymer by mechanical shearing, there may bea correlation between the results from this test method andresults from the field.6. Apparatus6.1 The apparatus consists of a fluid reser
18、voir, a double-plunger pump with an electric motor drive, an atomizationchamber with a diesel injector spray nozzle, and a fluid coolingvessel, installed in an area with an ambient temperature of 20to 25C (68 to 77F). Figure A1.1 shows the schematicrepresentation of equipment.6.1.1 Fluid Reservoir,
19、In Fig. A1.1, (7)6is open on the top,has approximately a 250 mL capacity, has a 45-mm (1.772-in.)inner diameter, and is calibrated in units of volume. It is fittedwith an internal fluid distributor as detailed in Fig. A1.2. A40-mm (1.575-in.) diameter watch glass with serrated edges isan acceptable
20、distributor plate. The distributor reduces thetendency of fluid channeling. Temperature is measured by athermometer suspended in the center of the fluid reservoir. Thebottom of the thermometer bulb shall be 10 to 15 mm above theentrance to the drain tube opening. Other temperature-measuring equipmen
21、t positioned at the same location may alsobe used. The outlet is equipped with a three-way stopcock (8).The three-way stopcock is of a cone type with a nonexchange-able solid plug with an 8-mm (0.315-in.) nominal bore size.Transparent, plastic tubing, (10) in Fig.A1.1, is used to connectthe three-wa
22、y stopcock to the pump inlet.6.1.2 Double-Plunger Injection Pump, In Fig. A1.1 (11) isdefined as Bosch PE 2 A 90D 300/3 S2266. This pump isequipped with a stroke counter, (15), venting screw, (14), andflow rate adjusting screw, (12).6.1.3 Injection Pump, driven by a three-phase electric mo-tor, (13)
23、 in Fig. A1.1., rated at a speed of 925 6 25 rpm.6.1.3.1 This motor runs at 925 rpm on the 50 Hz currentprevalent in Europe; it will run at approximately 1100 rpm on60 Hz current. The 1100 rpm speed is not acceptable in thisprocedure. A suitable means shall be taken to ensure theprescribed 925 6 25
24、rpm speed to the injection pump. Oneacceptable method is to usea6to5speed reducer.6.1.4 Outlet of Injection Pump, connected to the atomizationchamber using high pressure steel tubing. The atomizationchamber, (2) in Fig.A1.1, is defined in more detail in Fig.A1.3.To minimize foam generation, the spra
25、y chamber is designedso that the fluid under test exits from the nozzle into a chamberfilled with the test fluid . A drain tube (17) fitted with atwo-way stopcock is included to minimize contamination fromthe previous test during the system cleaning steps. The dieselinjector nozzle is a Bosch DN 8 S
26、 2-type pintle nozzle injector,number 0434 200 012, installed in a Bosch KD 43 SA 53/15nozzle holder. The nozzle holder includes a filter cartridge.NOTE 5Take great care to avoid damage to the precision parts of thefuel injection equipment (the plunger and barrel in the pump and thenozzle valve asse
27、mbly). Service work on the equipment should beperformed by a diesel fuel injector pump specialist or with reference to themanufacturers service manual.7NOTE 6An unusual rapid rise in gage pressure during testing maysignify filter blockage. When this occurs, the filter cartridge shall bereplaced.6.1.
28、5 A pressure sensing device (18), such as a glycerol-filled pressure gage or electronic, digital display pressureindicator, shall be installed and separated from the line by apressure snubber or needle valve to suitably dampen pressuresurges. The pressure device shall be occasionally pressuretested
29、to ensure accuracy.6.1.6 Fluid Cooling Vessel, (5) in Fig. A1.1), used tomaintain the specified temperature of the test fluid, as indicatedat the outlet of the fluid reservoir. This vessel is a glasscontainer with exterior cooling jacket constructed so that theheat transfer surface of the jacket is
30、spherical. The exteriorjacket diameter, d1, is approximately 50 mm (1.969 in.). Theinterior heat transfer surface, d2, is approximately 25 mm(0.984 in.) in diameter. The overall length, L, is approximately180 mm (7.087 in.). A distributor plate, similar in design to thedistributor plate in the fluid
31、 reservoir, is positioned in the upperportion of the fluid cooling vessel to ensure contact betweenthe fluid and the cooling surface. The discharge from the fluidcooling vessel is through a three-way stopcock of the samedesign used on the discharge of the fluid reservoir. The exteriorcooling jacket
32、shall be supplied with an adjustable volume ofcold water.7. Materials7.1 Diesel Fuel (No. 2), initially required to adjust the dieselinjector nozzle valve opening pressure.7.2 Calibration Fluid RL 34, used to ensure that when theapparatus is adjusted within a prescribed pressure range, thecorrect vi
33、scosity loss is obtained.8. Hazards8.1 WarningUse a safety shield between the high-pressurecomponents and the operator during use of equipment.8.2 PrecautionDuring operation, the line between thepump and nozzle, (16) in Fig. A1.1), is under a pressure of atleast 13.0 MPa (130 bar, or 1,885 psi). Pre
34、ssures above theupper limit of 18.0 MPa (180 bar or 2611 psi) are possible iffilter plugging occurs. Shut off the pump prior to tightening anyfitting that is not properly sealed.9. Sampling9.1 Approximately 600 mL of fluid is needed per test.9.2 The test fluid shall be at room temperature, uniform i
35、nappearance, and free of any visible insoluble material prior toplacing in the test equipment.9.3 Water and insolubles shall be removed before testing, orfilter blocking and nozzle wear may occur. Filter blocking can6The number in parentheses refers to the legend in Fig. A1.1.7Repair Instructions fo
36、r Diesel Injection Pumps Size A, B, K and Z, BulletinWJP101/1 B EP, Robert Bosch GmbH, 2800 South 25thAve., Broadview, IL60153.D6278022be detected by a sudden change in gage pressure. The transportof insolubles to the shear zone will shorten nozzle life.10. Calibration and Standardization10.1 Nozzle
37、 AdjustmentsIf the nozzle to be used is new orhas not been pre-calibrated, adjust the diesel injector nozzleholder with the nozzle in place. Adjust the nozzle using dieselfuel and a nozzle tester so that the valve opening pressure is13.0 MPa (1885 psi) under static conditions. If the nozzle hasbeen
38、pre-calibrated with RL34 calibration oil, adjust the valveopening pressure to the calibration pressure prescribed, whichmust be between 13.0 MPa and 18.0 MPa (2611 psi).10.1.1 Install the nozzle and the nozzle holder in the testapparatus. The pintle/spray nozzle shall be tightly fitted in thechamber
39、 to avoid leakage of oil around the external surface ofthe spray nozzle.10.2 Measurement of Residual Undrained Volume, Vres:10.2.1 The residual undrained oil volume of the system isthe volume of the system between the three-way stopcockbelow the fluid reservoir, (8) in Fig. A1.1, and the injectornoz
40、zle orifice, (1). Vresdoes not include the atomizationchamber volume. When the residual undrained volume isknown, go to 10.3.10.2.2 To determine residual undrained volume, first re-move as much fluid as possible by briefly running the pump.10.2.3 Remove the high-pressure lines, (16) in Fig. A1.1,and
41、 drain. Remove the plug at the end of the pump gallery todrain the remaining oil in the pump. Drain atomizationchamber (2).10.2.4 Reassemble the system and close all drains. Theupper three-way stopcock (6) shall be open to the lowerreservoir (7) and the lower three-way cock (8) shall be open tothe p
42、ump suction (10).10.2.5 Add 170 mL of RL34 calibration oil to the lowerreservoir (7) and observe the level. Start the pump and run forseveral minutes until the oil is transparent and free of sus-pended air.10.2.6 Stop the pump. Drain the fluid in the atomizationchamber into a beaker and then pour th
43、e fluid back into thelower reservoir; draining to waste will result in an error in themeasurement of Vres. Allow the system to drain for 20 min andfree air trapped in the transparent connecting tube between thelower reservoir and pump.10.2.7 Observe the difference in oil level in the lowerreservoir
44、compared to that noted in 10.2.5. Record this differ-ence as the residual volume, Vres.NOTE 7Undrained residual volumes of 15 to 30 mL have beenreported by various users of this test. Vresmeasurements in excess of thismay occur when fluid in the atomization chamber is not poured back intothe lower r
45、eservoir as in 10.2.6, or if the length of line (10) is excessive.10.2.8 Calculate the run volume, Vrun, which is the subtrac-tive difference between 170 mL and Vres.10.3 Cleaning the Apparatus, Setting the Stroke Counter,and Adjusting the Pump Stroke:10.3.1 Drain residual oil by way of drain line (
46、17) from theatomization chamber into a waste container. Drain fluid in thecooling jacket by means of stopcock (6) (Fig. A1.1) and thefluid reservoir by means of stopcock (8), into suitable wastecontainers.10.3.2 After fluid has drained, leave the stopcock on thedrain line to the atomization chamber
47、open and the three-waystopcock (6) positioned so that fluid in the cooling jacket drainsto a waste container. Position stopcock (8) so that the drain isclosed but the fluid reservoir is open to pump suction throughline (10). Add a minimum of 50 mL of RL34 to the fluidreservoir.NOTE 8Steps 10.3.2-10.
48、3.7 are representative of the first and secondpurges with 50 mL fluid that are needed to remove used oil from theapparatus prior to calibration and testing. For these steps, the stopcockbelow the atomization chamber and cooling jackets are set so that oil willflow into waste containers.10.3.3 Free t
49、he apparatus of air in the line by use of theventing screw, (14), and by manual compression of thetransparent flexible tube that connects the pump to the fluidreservoir.10.3.4 Set the stroke counter so that the pump will run asufficient length of time to evacuate the fluid out of the fluidreservoir.10.3.5 Start the pump. Observe the fluid level in thereservoir and stop the pump when all the fluid is out of the baseof the reservoir but is still fully-retained in line (10).10.3.6 Add a minimum of 50 mL of RL34 fluid to the fluidreservoir a second time and operate the
