1、Designation: D 6283 05Standard Test Method forTuft Element Length of Uncoated Pile Yarn Floor Coverings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6283; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re
2、vision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of tuft lengthand pile yarn length of uncoated pile floor coverings.1.2 Usually the
3、tuft elements measured as directed in thistest method will each be bound at only one binding site, butthis test method also may be used for tuft elements bound atmore than one binding site, provided that every tuft elementmeasured is bound at the same number of binding sites.1.3 The values stated in
4、 SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values stated in inch-pound units are provided asinformation only and are not exact equivalents. In case ofreferee decisions, the SI units shall prevail.1.4 This practice does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its u
5、se. It is theresponsibility of the user of this practice to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for TextilesD 123 Terminol
6、ogy Relating to TextilesD 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for TestingD 2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile TestMethod that Produces Normally Distributed DataD 2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias forTextilesD 5684 Terminology Relating to pile Yarn Floor Cover
7、ings3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms relating to Pile Floor Coverings,D13.21, refer to Terminology D 5684.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:carpet, cut pile yarn floor covering, finished, finished pile yarnfloor covering, floor covering, loop pile yarn floor covering,
8、pile, pile yarn floor covering, textile floor covering, tuft, tuftelement, tuft leg, tuft length, tufted fabric.3.2 For definitions of other terms related to textiles, refer toTerminology D 123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The individual tuft elements of like character (cut orloop, and height) are r
9、emoved from the test sample and placed,one at a time, in a grooved holder that maintains the tuft fibersin a straight line while the length of the tuft element ismeasured with a graduated scale and a magnifying glass.4.2 In loop pile yarn floor covering, adjacent elements arefirst separated by cutti
10、ng the connecting loops at the midpointof the bend with sharp scissors before the tuft elements arewithdrawn from the backing fabric.5. Significance and Use5.1 The determination of the tuft length of pile yarn floorcovering is useful in quality and cost control during themanufacture of pile yarn flo
11、or covering. Both appearance andperformance can be affected by changes in this characteristic.5.2 In case there are disputable differences between reportedtest results for two or more laboratories, comparative testsshould be performed to determine if there is a statistical biasbetween them, using co
12、mpetent statistical assistance. At aminimum, test samples should be used that are as homoge-neous as possible, that are drawn from the material from whichdisputable test results were obtained, and that are assignedrandomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The1This test method is unde
13、r the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.21 on Pile Yarn FloorCoverings.Current edition approved March 1, 2005. Published April 2005. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D628398(2003).2For referenced AS
14、TM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.FIG. 1 Cross-Section of Tufted Pile Yarn Floor Covering1Copyright ASTM Internat
15、ional, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.test results from the two laboratories should be compared usinga statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosenprior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its causemust be found
16、and corrected, or future test results must beadjusted in consideration of the known bias.6. Apparatus6.1 Grooved Specimen HoldersThe holder shall be of alength at least 10 % longer than the longest tuft element to bemeasured. A 100-mm (4-in.) length normally will be adequate.6.1.1 The grooves shall
17、be a V-shaped cross-section with a1.05 rad (60) angle at the bottom. The depth of the groovesand width across the top of the grooves should accommodate avariety of yarns according to the following example:Yarns Groove Widths, mm (in.)Coarse 4.6 (0.18)Medium 3.3 (0.13)Fine 2.0 (0.08)6.1.2 Additional
18、grooves of intermediate width also may beused.6.2 Scale, at least 100 mm (4 in.) long, graduated in 2-mm(0.10-in.) divisions.6.2.1 If the scale is not transparent, it shall be no thickerthan 1 mm (0.04 in.).6.3 Cover Plate, clear plastic to be used when nontranspar-ent scale is used.6.4 Magnifying G
19、lass,23 to 53, mounted above the holderto permit centering the glass immediately above the cut ends ofthe tuft to avoid parallax in reading the scale.6.5 Scissors, with sharp points.7. Sampling7.1 The basic sampling unit of uncoated pile yarn floorcovering is a production roll.7.2 Lot SampleAs a lot
20、 sample for acceptance testing,take at random the number of rolls, or pieces, of pile yarn floorcovering as directed in an applicable material specification orother agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.Consider the rolls, or pieces, of pile yarn floor covering to bethe primary sampling u
21、nits. In the absence of such agreement,take one roll or piece from the lot to be tested.NOTE 1An agreement between the purchaser and supplier requirestaking into account the variability between rolls or pieces of pile yarn floorcovering and between specimens from a roll or pieces of pile yarn floorc
22、overing to provide a sampling plan with a meaningful producers risk,consumers risk, acceptable quality level, and limiting quality level.7.3 Test SampleThe test sample shall consist of a fullwidth section of pile yarn floor covering cut from one end ofeach roll in the lot sample and shall be at leas
23、t 100 mm (4 in.)longer than the specimens required for the tests being con-ducted. Do not cut any laboratory sample from the seam end ofthe production roll.7.4 Test Sample AreaThe test sample area(s) is designatedon the laboratory sample as follows.7.4.1 For laboratory samples 3000 mm (120 in.) wide
24、 orwider, designate three test sample areas, one from each edgeportion, no nearer to the edge than 5 % of the pile yarn floorcovering width and one from the center portion.7.4.2 For laboratory samples less than 3000 mm (120 in.)and at least 1500 mm (60 in.) wide, designate two test sampleareas, one
25、from each edge portion no nearer to the edge than5 % of the pile yarn floor covering width.7.4.3 For laboratory samples less than 1500 mm (60 in.)wide, or when a full width is not available, designate one testsample area that includes the entire piece except no nearer toeither edge than 5 % of the w
26、idth of the pile yarn floor coveringwidth.7.5 Test SpecimensFor each like characteristic, cut pile,loop pile, and each tuft height of interest randomly select tentest specimens from the laboratory sample as directed inSection 9. A test specimen is one tuft element.7.5.1 A test result is the average
27、of the measurements madeon a set of ten test specimens for a given characteristic. For testsample areas described in 7.4.1, three sets of ten measurementsare averaged to represent the laboratory sample. For the testsample area described in 7.4.3, one set of ten measurements isaveraged to represent t
28、he laboratory sample.8. Conditioning8.1 Bring the test sample to moisture equilibrium for testingin standard atmosphere for testing textiles approaching equi-librium from the dry side without heat. Determine that mois-ture equilibrium for testing has been attained as directed inPractice D 1776.9. Tu
29、ft Element Selection9.1 For each characteristic of interest, select at random tentest specimens from each test sample area as described in9.2-9.4.9.2 For laboratory samples having three sample test areas,select at random four tuft elements from the middle test samplearea and three tuft elements from
30、 each of the two edge testsample areas.9.3 For laboratory samples having two sample test areas,select at random five tuft elements from each edge test samplearea.9.4 For laboratory samples having one sample test area,select at random ten tuft elements from the test sample piece.10. Procedure10.1 Sel
31、ect the groove appropriate to the tuft element yarn.NOTE 2The groove width is of appropriate yarn size if the bend in themiddle of the tuft element is removed substantially when the cover plateis placed over the yarn in the groove. The groove is too small if the fibersof the tuft element spread beyo
32、nd the edge of the groove and hold thecover plate above the holder surface. A deflection of the tuft element fromstraightness of as much as 1 mm (0.04 in.) will not significantly affect themeasured tuft length.10.2 Place the extended tuft element in the groove.10.3 If clear graduated scale is used,
33、cover the groove withthe graduations directly over the yarn in the groove and alignthe zero of the scale with one end of the tuft element.10.3.1 If the tuft element is not cut squarely, visually selecta location midway between the extremes of the cut.10.4 If a nontransparent scale is used, place the
34、 scale alongone edge of the groove and the clear cover plate above theD6283052groove abutting the scale. Align the zero of the scale with oneend of the test specimen (see 10.3.1).10.5 Center the magnifying glass immediately above oneend of the tuft element to avoid parallax, and read the scale atthe
35、 end of the tuft element to the nearest 0.5 mm (0.02 in.).10.6 Record the length of the tuft element.10.7 Test the remaining tuft elements.11. Calculation11.1 Average the lengths for each group of ten tuft elementsof like character in each laboratory sampling unit to the nearest0.25 mm (0.01 in.).12
36、. Report12.1 State that the samples are tested as directed in TestMethod D 6283, for determining tuft element length. Describethe material sampled and the method of sampling used.12.2 Report the following information:12.2.1 Whether the tuft elements are removed from cut pileor loop pile areas of the
37、 pile yarn floor covering and in the caseof multilevel pile yarn floor covering, also state from whichlevel of pile the tuft elements are removed.12.2.2 The average tuft element length for each like char-acter group in each sample.13. Precision and Bias13.1 SummaryIn comparing two averages, the diff
38、erencesshould not exceed the single-operator precision values shownin Tables 1 and 2 for the respective number of tests in 95 outof 100 cases when all the observations are taken by the samewell trained operator using the same test method techniquesand specimens drawn randomly from the sample of mate
39、rial.Larger differences are likely to occur under all other circum-stances.13.2 Interlaboratory Test DataAn interlaboratory test wasrun in 1997 in which randomly-drawn samples of four mate-rials were tested in each of two laboratories. Each laboratoryused two operators, each of whom tested two speci
40、mens ofeach material using Test Method D 6283. The components ofvariance for tuft element length expressed as standard devia-tions were calculated to be the values listed in Table 3.Analysisof the data was conducted using Practices D 2904, and D 2906and the adjunct “Tex-Pac”. The material types that
41、 were usedare as follows:Material 1: Tufted/straight saxony carpet.Material 2: Tufted/straight loop carpet.Material 3: Tufted/shifted loop carpet.Material 4: Tufted/shifted saxony carpet.13.3 PrecisionFor the components of variance reported inTable 1, two averages of observed values should be consid
42、eredsignificantly different at the 95 % probability level if thedifference equals or exceeds the critical differences listed inTables 1 and 2.NOTE 3The tabulated values of the critical differences should beconsidered to be a general statement, particularly with respect to between-laboratory precisio
43、n.NOTE 4Because the interlaboratory test included less than fivelaboratories, estimates of between-laboratory precision may be eitherunderestimated or overestimated to a considerable extent and should beused with special caution.13.4 BiasThe value of tuft element length of pile floorcoverings can be
44、 defined only in terms of a test method. Withinthis limitation, Test Method D 6283 has no known bias.14. Keywords14.1 carpet; pile yarn floor covering; textile floor coveringTABLE 1 Critical Differences for Two Averages for theConditions Noted95 % Probability Level, cmsSingle Material ComparisonsNum
45、ber of TestResults in EachAverageSingle OperatorPrecisionWithin-LaboratoryPrecisionBetween-LaboratoryPrecision1 0.12 0.23 0.235 0.06 0.20 0.2010 0.04 0.20 0.20TABLE 2 Critical Differences for Two Averages for theConditions Noted95 % Probability Level, cmsMulti-Material ComparisonsNumber of TestResul
46、ts in EachAverageSingle OperatorPrecisionWithin-LaboratoryPrecisionBetween-LaboratoryPrecision1 0.15 0.24 0.285 0.10 0.22 0.2610 0.09 0.21 0.2515 0.09 0.21 0.25TABLE 3 Components of Variance Expressed as StandardDeviationsAVariance Component Single MaterialComparisonsMulti-materialComparisonsSingle
47、Operator 0.04 0.04+0.03Within Laboratory 0.07 0.07Between Laboratory 0 0.05AThe square roots of the components of variance are being reported to expressthe variability in the appropriate units of measure rather than as the squares ofthose units of measure.D6283053ASTM International takes no position
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49、his standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Stand
