1、Designation: D 6284 02 (Reapproved 2008)1Standard Test Method forRubber PropertyEffect of Aqueous Solutions withAvailable Chlorine and Chloramine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6284; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in
2、 the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEEditorially corrected 8.5.2 and 8.5.3 in April 2009.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers pr
3、ocedures for evaluating theability of rubber and rubber-like materials to withstand theeffects of aqueous solutions with available chlorine andchloramine. It is intended to compare the effects of chlorinecompounds, present in potable water due to disinfectionprocedures, on rubber articles.1.2 Test s
4、olutions are designed to contain chlorine com-pounds, including hypochlorous acid (HOCI), hypochloriteions (OCI), and monochloramine (NH2Cl).1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard
5、to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD 1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD 1253 Test Method for Residual Chlorin
6、e in WaterD 1889 Test Method for Turbidity of Water3D 2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometerHardnessD 3182 Practice for RubberMaterials, Equipment, andProcedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Prepar-ing Standard Vulcanized SheetsD 3183 Practice for RubberPreparation of Product Piecesfor T
7、est Purposes from ProductsD 4483 Practice for Evaluating Precision for Test MethodStandards in the Rubber and Carbon Black ManufacturingIndustries3. Terminology3.1 The terminology of chlorine compounds used in this testmethod is in accordance with Test Method D 1253, Section 7.3.2 combined residual
8、chlorineresidual consisting ofchlorine combined with ammonia nitrogen and nitrogenouscompounds.3.3 free available chlorine residualresidual consisting ofhypochlorite ions (OCI) or hydrochlorous acid (HOCl), orboth.3.4 total residual chlorine (chlorine residual)the amountof available chlorine-induced
9、 oxidants present in water at anyspecified period, subsequent to the addition of chlorine.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method provides procedures for exposing testpieces to aqueous available chlorine and chloramine solutionsunder defined conditions of temperature and time.4.2 This test met
10、hod includes the following procedures:Change in mass after immersion Section 10Change in volume after immersion Section 11Change in hardness after immersion Section 12Visual and turbidity rating after immersion Section 134.3 The resulting deterioration is measured by changes inmass, volume, hardness
11、, and appearance of the test piecesurfaces and test liquid after immersion.4.4 This test method also describes the preparation of theimmersion liquids.5. Significance and Use5.1 Rubber articles, such as seals, gaskets, and membranes,may be exposed in service to chlorine compounds used inpotable wate
12、r as disinfectants. The exposure may be intermit-tent or continuous and can occur at various temperatures.5.2 Properties of rubber articles can deteriorate as a result ofexposure to water containing these chlorine compounds, af-fecting their performance for the intended use.1This test method is unde
13、r the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11 on Rubberand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D11.40 on Consumer RubberProducts.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2008. Published April 2009. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 6284 02.2For referenced ASTM stan
14、dards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.
15、astm.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.3 This test method attempts to simulate service conditionsthrough controlled accelerated testing, but may not give adirect correlation with part performance under actual serv
16、iceconditions. It yields comparative data on which to basejudgement on expected service quality.5.4 This test method is suitable for compliance testing,quality control, and research and development work.6. Test Conditions6.1 TemperatureUnless otherwise specified between theproducer and the purchaser
17、, the preferred test temperature shallbe 70 6 2C (158 6 4F).6.1.1 If the temperature of the testing room is other than thestandard 23 6 2C (73 6 4F), the actual room temperatureand any effect on the temperature of the test liquids shall bereported.6.2 Immersion PeriodsUnless otherwise specified, the
18、immersion periods shall be as indicated in Table 1, dependingon the anticipated service conditions.6.2.1 To obtain a measure on the rate of deterioration, it isnecessary to take measurements after several immersion peri-ods. The tolerance of the immersion times shall be 615 min or61 % of the specifi
19、ed time, whichever is greater.7. Apparatus7.1 A three-necked flask4,5with a capacity of 2000 cm3shall be mounted in an electric heating mantle6,5of sufficientsize and wattage to maintain the specified temperature through-out the test solution. The center neck of the flask shall be usedfor inserting
20、and removing test pieces and shall be fitted witha removable glass stopper. The other two necks of the flaskshall be tightly fitted with an immersion thermometer and aGraham condenser7,5with continuous cooling water supply.7.2 Test procedures utilizing continuous monitoring of testliquids and automa
21、tic addition of reagents may be used but canbe expected to produce different results than those obtained bythe procedures of this test method.8. Standard Test Liquids8.1 Standard test liquids are prepared in amber glass jars ofsufficient volume to hold 1900 cm3of the liquid.8.2 Fresh test solutions
22、shall be prepared on a daily basis.Atno time throughout the entire test period shall test pieces beallowed to remain in the same solution for more than 48 h.8.2.1 If the test period is to be 166 h or greater, the testsolutions shall be left unchanged for one day per week.8.3 Total residual chlorine
23、levels of at least one freshlyprepared available chlorine and monochloramine solution shallbe determined weekly.8.4 Test solutions are heated in loosely sealed amber glassjars in a suitable water bath or hot forced-air oven to 70 6 2C(158 6 4F) prior to transferring them into test vessels inaccordan
24、ce with Section 9.8.4.1 An acceptable alternative method is the use of a glasscontainer of sufficient volume to prepare a large batch of testsolution capable of filling all test vessels with 1900 cm3ofsolution each. Prior to filling the test vessels, the liquid shall bestirred and checked with an im
25、mersion thermometer to ensurethat the specified test temperature has been reached throughoutthe batch.8.5 Preparation of Standard Test Liquids and Solutions:8.5.1 Reagent WaterDistilled or deionized water (Type IIIor purer, see Specification D 1193) is heated to the testtemperature in a loosely seal
26、ed amber glass jar and transferredto the test vessel.8.5.2 Available Chlorine Test SolutionA volume of 1900cm3of distilled or deionized water (Type III or purer, seeSpecification D 1193) is heated to the test temperature in aloosely sealed amber glass jar and 0.9 cm3of sodium hy-pochlorite solution
27、with 10 % minimum total residual chlo-rine8,5and 7.0 cm3of buffer solution containing potassiumphosphate monobasic and sodium phosphate dibasic9(pH 7.0)are then added, using a graduated pipet. The glass jar is againconditioned for 10 6 1 min at the specified test temperatureand the solution transfer
28、red into the test vessel. Solutionstrength shall be 50 ppm (mg/L) of total residual chlorinedetermined in accordance with Test Methods D 1253, Section10. The determination of free available chlorine residual andcombined available chlorine residual for informational pur-poses is optional.8.5.2.1 Chlo
29、ramine T shall not be used as a replacement forany of the reagents specified in the preparation of the testsolutions.8.5.2.2 Sodium hypochlorite solutions are not stable andwill change their concentration in storage. It is thereforerecommended to use fresh solutions or store solutions in thedark und
30、er refrigeration (about 5C (41F). The concentrationof solutions stored for any length of time should be confirmedby determining their total residual chlorine level in accordancewith Test Method D 1253, Section 10. If the concentration haschanged, the necessary adjustments shall be made in theprepara
31、tion of the test solutions.8.5.3 Monochloramine Test SolutionA volume of 1900cm3of distilled or deionized water (Type III or purer, see4The sole source of supply of the apparatus (Catalog No. 4960-2L) known to thecommittee at this time is Corning, Inc., County Rd. 64, Big Flats, NY 14814.5If you are
32、 aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.6The sole source of supply of the apparatus (Catalog No. EM-2000C) known tot
33、he committee at this time is Electrothermal, Inc., 275 Morristown Rd., Gillette, NJ07933.7The sole source of supply of the apparatus (Catalog No. 2560-500) known tothe committee at this time is Corning, Inc., County Rd. 64, Big Flats, NY 14814.8The sole source of supply of the solution (Catalog No.
34、SS-290) known to thecommittee at this time is Fisher Scientific.9The amount of sodium hypochlorite should be verified in a test solution andadjusted to provide 50 mg/L total chlorine.TABLE 1 Immersion Periods, h22 67046 100670 1342166 2186334 4366502D 6284 02 (2008)12Specification D 1193) is heated
35、to the test temperature in aloosely sealed amber glass jar and 0.9 cm3of sodium hy-pochlorite solution with 10 % minimum total residual chlo-rine8,5and 4.0 cm3of buffer solution containing potassiumphosphate monobasic and sodium phosphate dibasic10,5(pH7.0) are then added, using a graduated pipette.
36、 The glass jar isconditioned for 10 6 1 min at the specified test temperaturefollowed by the addition of 2.7 cm31N ammonium hydrox-ide11,5and 8.0 cm3of buffer solution containing potassiumphosphate monobasic and sodium phosphate dibasic10,5(pH7.0). The glass jar is again conditioned at the test temp
37、eraturefor 10 6 1 min and the finished solution transferred to the testvessel. Solution strength shall be 50 ppm (mg/L) of totalresidual chlorine determined in accordance with Test MethodD 1253, Section 10. The determination of free availablechlorine residual and combined available chlorine residual
38、 forinformational purposes is optional.8.5.3.1 Chloramine T shall not be used as a replacement forany of the reagents specified in the preparation of the testsolutions.8.5.3.2 Sodium hypochlorite solutions are not stable andwill change their concentration in storage. It is thereforerecommended to us
39、e fresh solutions or store solutions in thedark under refrigeration (about 5C (41F). The concentrationof solutions stored for any length of time should be confirmedby determining their total residual chlorine level in accordancewith Test Method D 1253, Section 10. If the concentration haschanged, th
40、e necessary adjustments shall be made in thepreparation of the test solutions.9. Test Specimens9.1 Unless otherwise specified, test pieces shall be preparedin accordance with Practice D 3182 or Practice D 3183.9.2 Dimensions of standard test pieces shall be as indicatedin Table 2. Type 2 specimens s
41、hall be cut from standardvulcanized sheets prepared in accordance with PracticeD 3182. Sheets for Type 1 and 3 specimens shall be vulcanizedin molds modified for cavity depth, but having otherwise thesame dimensions as specified in Practice D 3182 (Fig. 1, 2, 3,or 4).9.3 Type 1 specimens are preferr
42、ed for accelerated testing.Types 2 and 3 specimens may be specified by mutual agree-ment between the producer and the purchaser.9.4 The same test pieces are used to determine changes inmass, volume, hardness, and visual rating.9.5 If rubber parts or nonstandard test pieces are used, theprocedure sha
43、ll be adjusted to maintain a minimum volume of20 cm3of test solutions per 1 cm2of test piece surface area.Data obtained on test pieces of different original thicknessesare not comparable.10. Procedure for Change in Mass10.1 See Test Method D 471, Section 10.10.2 Test three test pieces of a single co
44、mposition. Calculatethe test results of the three test pieces in accordance with Eq 1and average the results.10.3 Weigh each test piece in air to the nearest 1 mg, recordthe mass as M1, and mount three test pieces on a glass rod sothat a minimum of 6-mm (0.25-in.) separation is maintainedbetween the
45、 test pieces through the use of spacers, for example,perforated glass beads. It is important that the materials used tosuspend and separate the test pieces do not affect the test liquidand the rubber.10.4 Place the test piece setup in the test vessel (see 9.1)containing the test liquid for the speci
46、fied time and removeeach test piece from the flask at the end of the immersionperiod.10.5 Cool the test pieces to room temperature by transfer-ring them into a cool and clean portion of the test liquid for 30min. After removal from the liquid, lightly blot the test piecesdry with lint-free paper, pl
47、ace them in a tared stopperedweighing bottle, weigh each test piece to the nearest 1 mg,record the mass as M2.10.6 Return the test pieces to the cool and clean portion ofthe test liquid before proceeding with hardness testing andvisual rating. After completing all testing return the test piecesto th
48、e test vessel with the same test liquid, if data are desiredon progressive changes that occur with increasing immersiontimes.10.7 It is important that each manipulation following re-moval of the test pieces from the test liquid takes placepromptly with the least possible lapse in time.10.8 Prepared
49、fresh test liquids daily in accordance with 8.2,except as described in 2.1. Discard the old solutions afterevaluating turbidity and add fresh solutions to the test vessel(without removal of the test pieces).11. Procedure for Change in Volume11.1 See Test Method D 471, Section 11.11.2 Test three test pieces of a single composition. Calculatethe test results of the three test pieces in accordance with Eq 2and average the results.11.3 Weight each test piece in air to the nearest 1 mg andrecord the mass as M1. Then obtain the mass M2of each testpiece immerse
