1、Designation: D6284 09D6284 17Standard Test Method forRubber PropertyEffect of Aqueous Solutions withAvailable Chlorine and Chloramine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6284; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers procedures for evaluating the ability of rubber and rubber-like material
3、s to withstand the effects ofaqueous solutions with available chlorine and chloramine. It is intended to compare the effects of chlorine compounds, present inpotable water due to disinfection procedures, on rubber articles.1.2 Test solutions are designed to contain chlorine compounds, including hypo
4、chlorous acid (HOCl), hypochlorite ions (OCl),and monochloramine (NH2Cl).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its
5、 use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizat
6、ionestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD1
7、193 Specification for Reagent WaterD1253 Test Method for Residual Chlorine in WaterD1889D1415 Test Method for Turbidity of WaterRubber PropertyInternational Hardness (Withdrawn 2007)D2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer HardnessD3182 Practice for RubberMaterials, Equipment, and Procedures f
8、or Mixing Standard Compounds and Preparing StandardVulcanized SheetsD3183 Practice for RubberPreparation of Pieces for Test Purposes from ProductsD4483 Practice for Evaluating Precision for Test Method Standards in the Rubber and Carbon Black Manufacturing IndustriesD6284 Test Method for Rubber Prop
9、ertyEffect of Aqueous Solutions with Available Chlorine and ChloramineD6855 Test Method for Determination of Turbidity Below 5 NTU in Static Mode3. Terminology3.1 The terminology of chlorine compounds used in this test method is in accordance with Test Method D1253, Section 7.3.2 combined residual c
10、hlorineresidual consisting of chlorine combined with ammonia nitrogen and nitrogenous compounds.3.3 free available chlorine residualresidual consisting of hypochlorite ions (OCI) or hydrochlorous acid (HOCl), or both.3.4 total residual chlorine (chlorine residual)the amount of available chlorine-ind
11、uced oxidants present in water at anyspecified period, subsequent to the addition of chlorine.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11 on Rubber and Rubber-like Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D11.40 onConsumer Rubber Products.Current edition appr
12、oved July 1, 2009Jan. 1, 2017. Published August 2009April 2017. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 20082009 asD6284 02 (2008)D6284 09.1. DOI: 10.1520/D6284-09.10.1520/D6284-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Ser
13、vice at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previo
14、us version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM Inte
15、rnational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method provides procedures for exposing test pieces to aqueous available chlorine and chloramine solutions underdefined conditions of temperature and time.4.2 This te
16、st method includes the following procedures:Change in mass after immersion Section 10Change in volume after immersion Section 11Change in hardness after immersion Section 12Visual and turbidity rating after immersion Section 134.3 The resulting deterioration is measured by changes in mass, volume, h
17、ardness, and appearance of the test piece surfaces andtest liquid after immersion.4.4 This test method also describes the preparation of the immersion liquids.5. Significance and Use5.1 Rubber articles, such as seals, gaskets, and membranes, may be exposed in service to chlorine compounds used in po
18、tablewater as disinfectants. The exposure may be intermittent or continuous and can occur at various temperatures.5.2 Properties of rubber articles can deteriorate as a result of exposure to water containing these chlorine compounds, affectingtheir performance for the intended use.5.3 This test meth
19、od attempts to simulate service conditions through controlled accelerated testing, but may not give a directcorrelation with part performance under actual service conditions. It yields comparative data on which to base judgement onexpected service quality.5.4 This test method is suitable for complia
20、nce testing, quality control, and research and development work.6. Test Conditions6.1 TemperatureTesting can be performed at room temperature out of direct sunlight. If elevated temperatures are required,testing will be performed in a calibrated oven. Unless otherwise specified between the producer
21、and the purchaser, the preferredtest temperature shall be 70 6 2C.6.1.1 If the temperature of the testing room is other than the standard 23 6 2C, the actual room temperature and any effecton the temperature of the test liquids shall be reported.6.2 Immersion PeriodsUnless otherwise specified, the i
22、mmersion periods shall be as indicated performed in Table 1, one weekintervals depending on the anticipated service conditions. Specific time intervals will be outlined by the customer and then listedin report (refer to 15.1.3).6.2.1 To obtain a measure on the rate of deterioration, it is necessary
23、to take measurements after several immersion periods. Thetolerance of the immersion times shall be 615 min or 61 % of the specified time, whichever is greater.7. Apparatus7.1 A three-necked flaskAn appropriate container, with a capacity of 2000 cmable 3 shall be mounted in an electric heatingmantle,
24、 of sufficient size and wattage to maintain the specified temperature throughout the test solution.The center neck of the flaskshall be used for inserting andto hold the volume of solution that is no less than 3.13 mL/cm2 removing test pieces and shall befitted with a removable glass stopper. The ot
25、her two necks of the flask shall be tightly fitted with an immersion thermometer anda Graham condenser (ratio of media volume per square centimeter of sample)., with continuous cooling water supply.7.2 Test procedures utilizing continuous monitoring of test liquids and automatic addition of reagents
26、 may be used but can beexpected to produce different results than those obtained by the procedures of this test method.7.3 As an alternate option to Test Method D1253, a meter may be used to measure total residual chlorine.38. Standard Test Liquids8.1 Standard test liquids are prepared in amber glas
27、s jars of sufficient volume to hold 1900 cm3 of the liquid.8.2 Fresh test solutions shall be prepared on a daily basis. At no time throughout the entire test period shall test pieces beallowed to remain in the same solution for more than 48 h.8.2.1 If the test period is to be 166 h or greater, the t
28、est solutions shall be left unchanged for one day per week.8.3 Total residual chlorine levels of at least one freshly prepared available chlorine and monochloramine solution shall bedetermined weekly.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.unit produced
29、by Palintest LTD is an example of a meter able to measure both totaland free residual chlorine. The “ChloroSense meter” is equipped with ChloroSense sensors and calibration chips. The instructions for proper use of the meter are outlinedin the units instructions.D6284 1728.4 Test solutions are trans
30、ferred at room temperature unless specified by a specific test protocol to be performed at a highertemperature. If so solutions are heated in loosely sealed amber glass jars in a suitable water bath or hot forced-air oven to 70 62C prior to transferring them into test vessels in accordance with Sect
31、ion 9.8.4.1 An acceptable alternative method is the use of a glass container of sufficient volume to prepare a large batch of testsolution capable of filling all test vessels with 1900 cm3 of solution each. Prior to filling the test vessels, the liquid shall be stirredand checked with an immersion t
32、hermometer to ensure that the specified test temperature has been reached throughout the batch.8.5 Preparation of Standard Test Liquids and Solutions:8.5.1 Reagent WaterDistilled or deionized water (Type III or purer, see Specification D1193) is heated to the test temperaturein a loosely sealed ambe
33、r glass jar and transferred to the test vessel.8.5.2 Available Chlorine and Chloramine Test SolutionA volume of 1900 cm3 of distilled or deionized water (Type III orpurer, see Specification D1193) is heated to the test mixed at room temperature in a loosely sealed amber glass jar and 1.6with0.9 cm3
34、of sodium hypochlorite solution with 5 %10 % minimum total residual chlorine4, and 12.37.0 cm3 of buffer solutioncontaining potassium phosphate monobasic and sodium phosphate dibasicphosphate buffer solution ,(pH 7.0) areis thenadded,added using a graduated pipette. The glass jar is conditioned for
35、10 6 1 min at the specified test temperature followed bythe addition of 10.4 cmroom temperature 3 of buffer solution containing potassium phosphate monobasic and sodium phosphatedibasicand , (pH 7.0) and 2.8 cm3 1 N ammonium hydroxide., The glass jar is again conditioned at the test temperature for
36、10 61 min and the finished solution transferred to the test vessel. the solution tested for total residual chlorine content. Solution strengthshall be 50 6 5 ppm (mg/L) of total residual chlorine determined in accordance with Test Method D1253, Section 10. Thedetermination of free available chlorine
37、10 or using the apparatus listed in 7.3residual and combined available chlorine residual forinformational purposes is optional If the solution is not within the required limits, adjust accordingly and retest for total residualchlorine content. The prepared solution is transferred into the test vesse
38、ls.8.5.2.1 Chloramine T shall not be used as a replacement for any of the reagents specified in the preparation of the test solutions.8.5.2.2 Sodium hypochlorite solutions are not stable and will change their concentration in storage. It is therefore recommendedto use fresh solutions or store soluti
39、ons in the dark under refrigeration (about 5C). The concentration of solutions stored for anylength of time should be confirmed by determining their total residual chlorine level in accordance with Test Method D1253,Section 10. If the concentration has changed, the necessary adjustments shall be mad
40、e in the preparation of the test solutions.8.5.3 Monochloramine Test SolutionAvolume of 1900 cm3 of distilled or deionized water (Type III or purer, see SpecificationD1193) is mixed at room temperature in a loosely sealed amber glass jar with 0.9 cm3 of sodium hypochlorite solution with 10 %minimum
41、total residual chlorine4 and 4.0 cm3 of phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.0) is then added using a graduated pipette. Theglass jar is conditioned for 10 6 1 min at room temperature followed by the addition of 2.7 cm3 1 N ammonium hydroxide and8.0 cm3 of phosphate buffer solution4 (pH 7.0). The glass j
42、ar is conditioned for 10 6 1 min at room temperature and the solutiontested for total residual chlorine content. Solution strength shall be 50 6 5 ppm (mg/L) of total residual chlorine determined inaccordance with Test Method D1253, Section 10 or using the total chlorine probe apparatus listed in 7.
43、3. If the solution is notwithin the required limits, adjust accordingly and retest for total residual chlorine content. The prepared solution is transferred intothe test vessels.9. Test Specimens9.1 Unless otherwise specified, test pieces shall be prepared in accordance with Practice D3182 or Practi
44、ce D3183.9.2 Dimensions of standard test pieces shall be as indicated in Table 21. Type 2 specimens shall be cut from standard vulcanizedsheets prepared in accordance with Practice D3182. Sheets for Type 1 and 3 specimens shall be vulcanized in molds modified forcavity depth, but having otherwise th
45、e same dimensions as specified in Practice D3182 (Fig. 1, 2, 3, or 4).9.3 Type 1 specimens are preferred for accelerated testing. Types 2 and 3 specimens may be specified by mutual agreementbetween the producer and the purchaser.9.4 Actual parts may be used as specimens instead of dumbbell specimens
46、 if it is requested. If parts are used certainmeasurement procedures must be adjusted to accommodate the shape and size of the specimen. Durometer will be changed tomicro hardness.4 The sole source of supply of the apparatus (Catalog No. 4960-2L) known to the committee at this time is Corning, Inc.,
47、 County Rd. 64, Big Flats, NY 14814.4 The sole source of supply of the solution (Catalog No. SS-290) known to the committee at this time is Fisher Scientific, 2000 Park Lane Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15275.If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International He
48、adquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meetingof the responsible technical committee,1 which you may attend.TABLE 21 Dimensions of Standard SpecimensType Length, mm Width, mm Thickness, mm1 50.0 0.1 25.0 0.1 1.0 0.12 50.0 0.1 25.0 0.1 2.0 0.13 50.0 0.1 25.0 0.1 4.0 0.1D628
49、4 1739.5 The same test pieces are used to determine changes in mass, volume, hardness, and visual rating.9.6 If rubber parts or nonstandard test pieces are used, the procedure shall be adjusted to maintain a minimum volume of 20cm3 of test solutions per 1 cm2 of test piece surface area. Data obtained on test pieces of different original thicknesses are notcomparable.10. Procedure for Change in Mass10.1 See Test Method D471, Section 10.10.2 Test three test pieces of a single composition. Calculate the test results of the three test pieces
