1、Designation: D6288 09D6288 15Standard Practice forSeparation and Washing of Recycled Plastics Prior toTesting1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6288; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of la
2、st revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 TheThis practice describes a procedure for separating recycled plastics based on their color (for example, green versus
3、colorless) and a procedure for washing dirty, ground plastic, which results in separation of light materials (density 1.00 1.00g/cm3). This practice is not intended to represent generic washing procedures used in the plastics recycling industry. The describedprocedures are solely for preparation of
4、plastic samples for use in other analytical tests. The procedure includes a room temperaturewash step to facilitate separation of paper (for example, labels) followed by washing at an elevated temperature.NOTE 1Although not presented as a quantitative method, the procedure presented in this practice
5、 may be used to provide quantitative results. Theuser assumes the responsibility to verify the reproducibility of quantitative results.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated wit
6、h its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.NOTE 2There is no known ISO equivalent to this practice.standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1600
7、 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to PlasticsD5814 Practice for Determination of Contamination in Recycled Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) (PET) Flakes and Chips Usinga Plaque TestD5991 Practice for Separation and Identification of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Contamination in Poly(Ethylene Ter
8、ephthalate)(PET) FlakeD7209 Guide for Waste Reduction, Resource Recovery, and Use of Recycled Polymeric Materials and Products (Withdrawn2015)3IEEE/ASTM SI-10 Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System3. Terminology3.1 The terminology used in this practice i
9、s in accordance with Terminology D1600 and Guide D7209. Units and symbols arein accordance with Standard IEEE/ASTM SI-10.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 light materialpaper, polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene, and other materials with densities less than 1.00g/c
10、m3.4. Summary4.1 Different colored (for example, green versus colorless) plastic materials are readily distinguished by visual inspection of asample.1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.95 on Recycled Plastic
11、s.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009Oct. 1, 2015. Published September 2009October 2015. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 20032009as D6288 - 98D6288 - 09.(2003). DOI: 10.1520/D6288-09.10.1520/D6288-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.or
12、g, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and
13、 is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only t
14、he current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.2 Labels, glue residue
15、s and other plastics may absorb the dyes used in some procedures for identifying contaminants or theseother contaminants may exhibit interfering fluorescence. Consequently, a standard procedure is provided for washing the plasticprior to examination by these tests.4.3 This practice utilizes a room t
16、emperature wash step to facilitate separation of paper (for example, labels) followed bywashing at an elevated temperature to permit separation of plastics and other contaminants based on densities. The roomtemperature wash step effectively removes labels without activating some adhesives.NOTE 3The
17、dye and fluorescence tests that may require plastic washed by this procedure are specifically designed to detect poly(vinyl chloride)(PVC) contamination.4.4 Washed recycled plastic materials are then used for tests such as those described in Practices D5814 or D5991.5. Significance and Use5.1 Dirt,
18、paper and mixtures of polymeric materials complicate the interpretation of data from procedures used to identify and,if desired, quantify the contaminants in recycled plastics.6. Apparatus6.1 Bright Aluminum Tray, shallow depth (750 mm), with minimum area of 774 cm2 (120 in.2).6.2 Balances, suitable
19、 for weighing 500 g of flake.6.3 Baffled Beaker, stainless steel, 15.2 cm (6 in.) diameter with four 1.9 cm (0.75 in.) baffles providing a slurry height/diameterratio of 0.9.6.4 Cover for Beaker (see 6.3) which can accommodate a thermometer (or other temperature sensing device) and the stirringimpel
20、ler rod.6.5 Overhead Stirrer, capable of 1000 r/min.6.6 Stirring Impeller, pitched three blade, 7.62 cm (3 in.) diameter.6.7 Plastic Pails, 19 L (5 gal).6.8 Strainer, non-aluminum to fit the pails described in 6.7.6.9 Hot Plate.6.10 Thermometer.6.11 Manual Stirring Rod.6.12 Oven, capable of drying p
21、lastic flakes at 60 6 2C.7. Materials7.1 Water, distilled or deionized.7.2 Sodium Hydroxide, granular.7.3 Detergent, nonionic surfactant.NOTE 4Nonylphenol or octylphenol derivatives are effective detergents for this procedure. Users of this procedure should be aware that thesematerials have been lin
22、ked to endocrine/estrogen activity and false positive interferences with breast cancer research. Anionic detergents may also beeffective.7.4 Wash solution, consisting of 2 L of water, 0.3 % (6 g) nonionic surfactant (see 7.3), and 1 % (20 g) sodium hydroxide (see7.2). Dissolve the surfactant in cold
23、 water prior to addition of the sodium hydroxide.8. Procedures8.1 Separation of Plastics Based on Color:8.1.1 Spread a representative portion of the recycled plastic on an aluminum tray.NOTE 5Use an appropriate sampling technique to insure that the sample used for this test is representative of the
24、entire gaylord or bale of material.8.1.2 Visually inspect the recycled plastic and separate the materials based on color (for example, green versus colorless). color.8.2 Room Temperature Washing Procedure:NOTE 6Although not required for all plastics, the room temperature washing procedure is useful
25、to remove labels from some products. This step canreduce filter screen plugging from paper because the low temperature does not activate some adhesives.8.2.1 Place the wash solution (see 7.4) in the baffled beaker (see 6.3).8.2.2 Select and accurately weigh 500 6 20 g of dirty plastic from the sampl
26、e. Add this sample to the solution in the beaker.8.2.3 Insert the overhead stirrer so that the impeller is 2.54 cm (1 in.) above the bottom of the beaker.D6288 1528.2.4 Turn on the overhead stirrer and adjust the speed to 1000 r/min. Continue agitation for 15 min at room temperature (256 2C).NOTE 7B
27、ubbles may be attached to plastic flakes and these bubbles may cause heavy materials to float when they would otherwise sink. Using ascreen to gently disturb the floating particles and cause release of the air may permit these heavy materials to sink instead of float.8.2.5 After 15 min, turn off the
28、 overhead stirrer and remove it from the baffled beaker. Wait 5 min to allow paper and other lightmaterials to rise to the surface and polymers such as PET and PVC to sink. Using the manual stirring rod (see 6.11), gently agitatethe light materials to allow any trapped PET or PVC to sink.8.2.6 Place
29、 a strainer (see 6.8) over a 19 L (5 gal) pail (see 6.7). Carefully pour the wash solution from the beaker through thestrainer causing the light materials to be trapped on the strainer. Do not allow the heavier plastic material that settled in the beakerto be transferred to the strainer.8.2.7 Add wa
30、ter to the beaker to raise the water level to within several inches of the top.8.2.8 Agitate this plastic/water mixture with the manual stirring rod to further separate any trapped light materials. Allow anyheavier polymers to sink to the bottom of the beaker, then pour the majority of the water thr
31、ough the strainer into the pail.8.2.9 Rinse the light materials in the strainer for 2 min with cold water (see 7.1) while agitating the material with the manualstirring rod. Drain rinse water into the pail.8.2.10 Transfer the trapped light materials from the strainer to paper towels and allow them t
32、o air dry.NOTE 8To shorten the drying time, place the isolated light materials in an oven at 60 6 2C.8.3 Elevated Temperature Washing Procedure:8.3.1 Place wash solution (see 7.4) into a baffled beaker (see 6.3) and heat to 88 6 2C (190 6 5F) on a hot plate. Cover thebeaker (see 6.4) to minimize eva
33、poration.8.3.2 Select and accurately weigh 500 6 20 g of dirty plastic from the sample. Add this sample to the solution in the beaker.If the room temperature wash procedure (see 8.2) was used to separate labels and other light materials, transfer all of the heavyplastic from the beaker (see 8.2.8) t
34、o the beaker with the wash solution at 88 6 2C (190 6 5F). Be careful to transfer all materialfrom the first beaker.8.3.3 Insert the overhead stirrer so that the impeller is 2.54 cm (1 in.) above the bottom of the beaker and return the solutiontemperature to 88 6 2C (190 6 5F).8.3.4 Turn on the over
35、head stirrer and adjust the speed to 1000 r/min. Continue agitation for 15 min while maintaining thesolution temperature at 88 6 2C (190 6 5F).8.3.5 After 15 min, turn off the overhead stirrer and remove it from the baffled beaker. Remove the beaker from the hot plate.8.3.6 Place a strainer (see 6.8
36、) over a 19 L (5 gal) pail (see 6.7). Carefully pour the wash solution from the beaker through thestrainer causing the solid material to be trapped on the strainer.8.3.7 Add warm water (88 6 2C (190 6 5F) to the beaker to raise the water level to within several inches of the top.Agitatethis plastic/
37、water mixture with the manual stirring, then pour the majority of the water through the strainer into the pail.8.3.8 Rinse the material in the strainer for 2 min with cold water (see 7.1) while agitating the material with the manual stirringrod. Drain rinse water into the pail.8.3.9 Transfer the tra
38、pped materials from the strainer to the aluminum tray (see 6.1) and oven dry at 60 6 2C.9. Keywords9.1 contamination; poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET); poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC); recycled plastics; washingSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D20 has identified the location of selected changes to this stan
39、dard since the last issue(D6288 - 98D6288 - 09(2003) that may impact the use of this standard. (September(October 1, 2009)2015)(1) Reworded 1.1ISO, 3.2.1equivalency, 4.1statement, 4.3in, 5.1accordance, 8.1.2with Guide, and D49688.2.10.(2) Deleted reference to Guide D5033.(3) Added reference to Guide
40、 D7209.(2) Reworded Added English conversion of 19 L pail in 3.18.2.6 and 8.3.6.D6288 153ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination o
41、f the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.
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43、nts have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or m
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