1、Designation: D 6337 98 (Reapproved 2003)e1Standard Practice forPhysical Characterization of Woven Paint ApplicatorFabrics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6337; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, t
2、he year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEEquation 2 was editorially corrected in July 2003.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the dimensions, terminology,
3、andcharacteristics generally considered of importance to thosedealing with woven paint applicator fabrics and describesmethods for determining these parameters. This practice is notmeant to be a definitive analytical method to deformulatewoven fabrics.1.2 The values stated in inch/pound units are to
4、 be regardedas the standard. The SI values given in parenthesis are providedfor information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health
5、practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles2D 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing2D 1777 Test Method for Measuring Thickness of TextileMaterials2D 3774 Test Method f
6、or Width of Textile Fabric3D 3775 Test Method for Fabric Count of Woven Fabric3D 3776 Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) ofFabric33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Several terms in this practice are defined in accor-dance with Terminology D 123.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This S
7、tandard:3.2.1 backcoatinga resin coating that is usually applied tothe back of a fabric and heat cured to enhance its stability.3.2.2 backinga set of warp yarns or ends of definedcomposition that help create the base of a fabric that runs thelength of the fabric (see Fig. 1).3.2.3 case of fabrica bo
8、x of cloth, ready for shipping,usually consisting of slit reels.3.2.4 dyelota specific quantity that is processed togetherand can be comparatively ranked within or among otherdyelots.3.2.5 endone warp yarn (see Fig. 1).3.2.6 fiberan individual strand or filament of finite orcontinuous length that ma
9、y be of a natural or synthetic origin.3.2.7 fillingan individual yarn of defined composition thatinterlaces with warp ends at right angles in a woven fabric tohelp form the base of a pile fabric (see Fig. 1).3.2.8 laboratory samplea sample from each case of fabricfor acceptance testing.3.2.9 lot sam
10、plea sample for acceptance testing consist-ing of a random number of dyelots as directed in agreementbetween purchaser and supplier.3.2.10 pickone filling yarn (see Fig. 1).3.2.11 pick glassan instrument with a magnifying lensand a set viewing field of one square inch used to identifyconstruction (s
11、ee Fig. 2).3.2.12 pilean additional set of warp yarns or ends ofdefined composition that are introduced into a pile fabric tomake cut or uncut loops on the surface that are approximatelyperpendicular to the plane of the backing and filling (see Fig.1).3.2.13 pile fabrica three-dimensional cloth with
12、 interlac-ing at right angles of three systems of yarn as warp, fill, andpile.3.2.13.1 DiscussionPile fabrics have a fur-like face thatcan consist of cut or uncut loops.3.2.14 pile fabric compositionthe total make-up of thefabric, being either natural or synthetic, or a combination.1This practice is
13、 under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.61 on Paint Application Tools.Current edition approved July 10, 2003. Published July 2003. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition app
14、roved in 1998 as D 6337 98.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.02.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.15 pile height micrometera thickness testing instru-ment, referenced i
15、n Test Method D 1777.3.2.15.1 DiscussionIt consists of 4 in. (102 mm) diameterpresser foot controlled by a lever, a gage with readings to thenearest 0.001 in. (0.025 mm) and a horseshoe-shaped handlethat will measure 6 in. (152.4 mm) into the body of the fabric(see Fig. 3).3.2.16 pile tuft densityth
16、e quantity of pile per unit area asstated in pile tufts per square inch.3.2.17 reela specified length of slit goods rolled togetheras one unit.3.2.18 shearable pilethe pile tufts above the backing thatcan be removed with shear clippers.3.2.19 slittinga means of cutting the full width of fabricinto l
17、ongitudinal strips.3.2.20 slit widththe width dimension of a fabric strip afterslitting.3.2.21 test specimena specimen cut from a reel of fabric.3.2.21.1 DiscussionEach specimen shall be 6 in. (152.4mm) in length, with one side of each specimen parallel to thewarp ends.3.2.22 total fabric densityfab
18、ric weight in ounces persquare yard of finished fabric.3.2.23 tuftthe entire loop that forms the face of the fabricand is attached to the backing fabric at a binding site (see Fig.1).3.2.24 weave constructionone repeat of a pattern, includ-ing per inch, ends per inch, and the way the pile weaves int
19、othe base of the cloth, for example, W-weave, V-weave.3.2.24.1 W-weavea weave construction where at least 3picks are needed to form a tuft with the resulting tuftresembling the letter “W” (see Fig. 4 (a).3.2.24.2 V-weavea weave construction where only onepick is needed to form a tuft. The resulting
20、tuft resembles theletter “V” (see Fig. 4)(b).3.2.25 woven fabrica cloth with interlacing at right anglesof two systems of yarn known as warp and fill.3.2.26 yarnthe coherent arrangement of fibers of varyingor similar length, whose relative positions are maintained by adefinite lateral twist to produ
21、ce strength.4. Significance and Use4.1 It is important to recognize that all woven paint appli-cator fabrics are pile fabrics and can be a combination ofseveral different yarns, in a range of densities, chemicalcompositions, and pile heights, which may influence paintingperformance.5. Apparatus5.1 P
22、ile-Height Micrometer45.2 Graduated Linear Scale, that measures to132 in. incre-ments (1 mm).5.3 Pick Glass.5.4 Balance, capable of weighing to 0.001 oz (0.10 g).6. Determination of Physical Characteristics6.1 Total Fabric HeightDetermine the total fabric heightby measuring the material thickness us
23、ing a pile heightmicrometer (see Test Method D 1777). Report the dimensionsto the nearest 0.001 in. (0.02 mm).6.2 Slit WidthDetermine the width by measuring the backof the cloth from warp end to warp end using a calibrated scale.Report dimensions to the nearest132 in. (0.78 mm), withtolerances of 61
24、32 in. (61 mm).6.3 Picks per InchDetermine picks per inch by countingindividual filling yarns through a pick glass. Report to thenearest whole number with a tolerance of 6 one pick.6.4 Total Fabric DensityDetermine the ounces per squareyard using the balance (see Test Methods D 3776). Reportfabric d
25、ensity to the nearest 0.001 oz/yd2(0.10 g/m2).4The sole source of supply of the pile height micrometer known to thecommittee at this time is the Andrews Equipment Co., 4619 Torresdale Ave.,Philadelphia, PA19124. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide thisinformation to ASTM Intern
26、ational Headquarters. Your comments will receivecareful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,4whichyou may attend.FIG. 1 Components of Typical Pile FabricFIG. 2 Pick GlassFIG. 3 Pile Height MicrometerFIG. 4 Weave ConstructionsD 6337 98 (2003)e126.5 Pile Tuft DensityThe w
27、eave construction (W-weave orV-weave) must be known to determine the pile density. Reportpile tuft density in tufts per square inch.6.6 Shearable Pile DensityDetermine the amount of pilethat is above the backing. Report amount to the nearest 0.001oz. (0.10 g).6.7 Pile Tuft HeightDetermine the pile t
28、uft height bymeasuring the length of the tuft using a graduated linear scale.Report the length to the nearest132 in. (1 mm).7. Sampling7.1 Tests shall be performed on the fabric as it will reach thepurchaser.7.2 Select the lot samples as specified for each test method.In the absence of such instruct
29、ions in a specific test method,select lot sample as agreed upon between the purchaser and thesupplier.7.3 Systematically take a full reel from each side and fromthe center of each lot. Yardage from each reel in the laboratorysample will serve as test specimens.7.4 Cut five test specimens from each r
30、eel in the laboratorysample.8. Conditioning8.1 Precondition and condition the laboratory samples asdirected in Practice D 1776.9. Procedure9.1 Total Fabric Height Measurement (independent of, anddoes not correlate to, 9.7):9.1.1 This procedure should only be used on fabrics with aslit width of 2 in.
31、 (51 mm) or more. On fabrics with a slit widthof 4 in. (102 mm) or less, a correlation should be developedbetween the supplier and the purchaser.9.1.2 Shake the specimen twice with a quirk jerk (likecracking a whip) to bloom the pile to its upright state. Handlethe test specimens carefully to avoid
32、altering the uprightcondition of the pile.9.1.3 Place the specimen on the anvil of the micrometer andbring the presser foot into contact with the pile side of thematerial. Gradually increase the pressure until the entire weightof the presser foot is applied to the material. Five s to full loadis sug
33、gested.9.1.4 Read the thickness scale after a definite time intervalthat is clearly started in the test report. Select this interval toensure that a reasonably stable condition exists at the time ofmaking the observation. For most materials, 5 s after the fullload has been applied will represent a s
34、table condition and is asuitable time interval. Readings should be taken to the nearest0.001 in (0.02 mm).9.1.5 Repeat the measurements on the other specimens andreport the average measurement, the maximum measurement,and the minimum measurement for all samples.9.2 Slit Width Measurement (see Test M
35、ethod D 3774):9.2.1 Lay the test specimen, pile side down, on a smoothhorizontal surface without tension in any direction and free ofwrinkles or distortion. Use a graduated linear scale that islonger than the specimen is wide.9.2.2 Measure the width of the fabric, which will be thedistance from the
36、outer edge of the outer warp end on one sideto the outer edge of the outer warp end on the other side,measured perpendicular to the warp ends. Measurementsshould be taken at two points separated by at least 3 in. (76mm) along the length of the fabric. Do not take measurementscloser than 1 in. (25 mm
37、) to the cut ends of the specimen.9.2.3 Repeat the measurements on all specimens and reportthe average measurement, the maximum measurement, and theminimum measurement for all samples.9.3 Picks per Inch Measurement (see Test Method D 3775):9.3.1 Lay the test specimen, pile side down, on a smoothhori
38、zontal surface without tension in any direction and free ofwrinkles or distortion. Lay the pick glass on the fabric and linethe top of the viewing field so that it is parallel to the filling.Count the filling yarns (picks) along the side of the glass in the1 in. (25 mm) space. Counting should be don
39、e at two separateareas of the specimen. Do not count measurements closer than1 in. (25 mm) to the cut ends of the specimen.9.3.2 Optional Count ProcedureFor fabric designs whereindividual yarns (picks) cannot be readily distinguished forcounting in fabric, there are two optional ways to count thepic
40、ks. Either option may be selected.9.3.2.1 Ravel a piece of fabric perpendicular to the directionto be counted by removing picks from the fabric to get astraight edge. Mark at least 1 in. (25 mm) along the length ofthe specimen, then ravel and count the picks to the mark.Obtain the count in at least
41、two places along the length of thespecimen.NOTE 1This method destroys the specimen!9.3.2.2 The other method is to ravel the fabric parallel to thedirection to be counted. This can be done by removing a fewbacking ends from the fabric edge. Lay the pick glass on theraveled edge of the fabric so that
42、the top of the viewing field isparallel to the filling yarns. Count the number of picksprotruding from the edge of the fabric as seen in the 1 in. (25mm) length of the viewing field.9.3.2.3 CalculationAll measurements from the abovemethods should be converted to picks per inch as can be readfrom a p
43、ick glass. If more than 1 in. (25 mm) is counted, thetotal number of picks must be divided by the length counted ininches.9.3.3 Repeat the procedure on the other specimens andrecord the average measurement, the maximum measurement,and the minimum measurement.9.4 Total Fabric Density:9.4.1 Measure th
44、e mass per unit area of the specimen inaccordance with Test Methods D 3776.9.4.2 The mass per unit are (or total fabric density) shouldbe calculated in oz/yd2(g/m2).9.4.3 Repeat the procedure on the other specimens andrecord the average measurement, the maximum measurement,and the minimum measuremen
45、t.9.5 Pile Tuft Density:9.5.1 The pile density is measured in pile tufts per unit area,that is: pile tufts per square inch.D 6337 98 (2003)e139.5.2 In order to determine the pile density, the followingitems must be known. These items may be found on orcalculated from the specification data.9.5.2.1 P
46、ile Rows Per InchTo find the number of pilerows per inch, divide the total number of pile rows by thefinished cloth width in inches. The total number of pile rowsmay or may not be equivalent to the total number of pile ends.9.5.2.2 Picks Per InchThis may be found as described in9.3 of this practice
47、or on the specification.9.5.2.3 Picks Per TuftDetermined by visually examiningthe weave construction of the fabric. To determine picks pertuft, count the number of picks between identical points on twosuccessive pile tufts in a pile row (see Fig. 5).9.5.3 Calculating Pile Density:Pile density tufts
48、/ inch2!5picks/inch! / picks/tuft!# 3 pile rows/inch(1)9.6 Shearable Pile Density (oz./yd2(g/m2):9.6.1 Cut a rectangular piece of fabric, at least 4 by 4 in.(102 by 102 mm), or dimensions decided upon between thepurchaser and the supplier.9.6.2 Calculate and record the area of the fabric in squarein
49、ches.9.6.3 Weigh the sample and record the weight in grams.9.6.4 Using shear clippers5with a No. 50 - size 000 blade,shear pile as close to the backing as possible.9.6.5 Weight the remaining sheared backing and record theweight in grams.9.6.6 Calculate the shearable pile density in ounces persquare yard of fabric according the following equation:Shearable pile density oz./yd2!545.7 3 A 2 B! / C (2)where:A = weight of original sample (grams),B = weight of sheared sample (grams),C = area of sample (square inches).NOTE 245.7 is t
