1、Designation: D 6337 98 (Reapproved 2007)Standard Practice forPhysical Characterization of Woven Paint ApplicatorFabrics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6337; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the dimensions, terminology, andcharacteristics generally considered of importance to t
3、hosedealing with woven paint applicator fabrics and describesmethods for determining these parameters. This practice is notmeant to be a definitive analytical method to deformulatewoven fabrics.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses a
4、re mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety
5、 and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD 1777 Test Method for Thickness of Textile MaterialsD 3774 Test Method
6、for Width of Textile FabricD 3775 Test Method for Warp (End) and Filling (Pick)Count of Woven FabricsD 3776 Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) ofFabric3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Several terms in this practice are defined in accor-dance with Terminology D 123.3.2 Definitions of Ter
7、ms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 backcoating, na resin coating that is usually appliedto the back of a fabric and heat cured to enhance its stability.3.2.2 backing, na set of warp yarns or ends of definedcomposition that help create the base of a fabric that runs thelength of the fabric (see Fig.
8、1).3.2.3 case of fabric, na box of cloth, ready for shipping,usually consisting of slit reels.3.2.4 dyelot, na specific quantity that is processed to-gether and can be comparatively ranked within or among otherdyelots.3.2.5 end, none warp yarn (see Fig. 1).3.2.6 fiber, nan individual strand or filam
9、ent of finite orcontinuous length that may be of a natural or synthetic origin.3.2.7 filling, nan individual yarn of defined compositionthat interlaces with warp ends at right angles in a woven fabricto help form the base of a pile fabric (see Fig. 1).3.2.8 laboratory sample, na sample from each cas
10、e offabric for acceptance testing.3.2.9 lot sample, na sample for acceptance testing con-sisting of a random number of dyelots as directed in agreementbetween purchaser and supplier.3.2.10 pick, none filling yarn (see Fig. 1).3.2.11 pick glass, nan instrument with a magnifying lensand a set viewing
11、field of one square inch used to identifyconstruction (see Fig. 2).3.2.12 pile, nan additional set of warp yarns or ends ofdefined composition that are introduced into a pile fabric tomake cut or uncut loops on the surface that are approximatelyperpendicular to the plane of the backing and filling (
12、see Fig.1).3.2.13 pile fabric, na three-dimensional cloth with inter-lacing at right angles of three systems of yarn as warp, fill, andpile.3.2.13.1 DiscussionPile fabrics have a fur-like face thatcan consist of cut or uncut loops.3.2.14 pile fabric composition, nthe total make-up of thefabric, bein
13、g either natural or synthetic, or a combination.1Precision and Bias This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM CommitteeD01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the directresponsibility of Subcommittee D01.61 on Paint Application Tools.Current edition approved Nov.
14、1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 6337 98 (2003)e 1).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, r
15、efer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.15 pile height micrometer, na thickness testing instru-ment, referenced in Test Method D 1777.3.2.15.1 DiscussionIt co
16、nsists of 4 in. (102 mm) diameterpresser foot controlled by a lever, a gage with readings to thenearest 0.001 in. (0.025 mm) and a horseshoe-shaped handlethat will measure 6 in. (152.4 mm) into the body of the fabric(see Fig. 3).3.2.16 pile tuft density, nthe quantity of pile per unit areaas stated
17、in pile tufts per square inch.3.2.17 reel, na specified length of slit goods rolled to-gether as one unit.3.2.18 shearable pile, nthe pile tufts above the backingthat can be removed with shear clippers.3.2.19 slitting, na means of cutting the full width of fabricinto longitudinal strips.3.2.20 slit
18、width, nthe width dimension of a fabric stripafter slitting.3.2.21 test specimen, na specimen cut from a reel offabric.3.2.21.1 DiscussionEach specimen shall be 6 in. (152.4mm) in length, with one side of each specimen parallel to thewarp ends.3.2.22 total fabric density, nfabric weight in ounces pe
19、rsquare yard of finished fabric.3.2.23 tuft, nthe entire loop that forms the face of thefabric and is attached to the backing fabric at a binding site (seeFig. 1).3.2.24 weave construction, none repeat of a pattern,including per inch, ends per inch, and the way the pile weavesinto the base of the cl
20、oth, for example, W-weave, V-weave.3.2.24.1 W-weave, na weave construction where at least 3picks are needed to form a tuft with the resulting tuftresembling the letter “W” (see Fig. 4 (a).3.2.24.2 V-weave, na weave construction where only onepick is needed to form a tuft. The resulting tuft resemble
21、s theletter “V” (see Fig. 4)(b).3.2.25 woven fabric, na cloth with interlacing at rightangles of two systems of yarn known as warp and fill.3.2.26 yarn, nthe coherent arrangement of fibers of vary-ing or similar length, whose relative positions are maintainedby a definite lateral twist to produce st
22、rength.4. Significance and Use4.1 It is important to recognize that all woven paint appli-cator fabrics are pile fabrics and can be a combination ofseveral different yarns, in a range of densities, chemicalcompositions, and pile heights, which may influence paintingperformance.5. Apparatus5.1 Pile-H
23、eight Micrometer35.2 Graduated Linear Scale, that measures to132 in. incre-ments (1 mm).5.3 Pick Glass.5.4 Balance, capable of weighing to 0.001 oz (0.10 g).6. Determination of Physical Characteristics6.1 Total Fabric HeightDetermine the total fabric heightby measuring the material thickness using a
24、 pile heightmicrometer (see Test Method D 1777). Report the dimensionsto the nearest 0.001 in. (0.02 mm).6.2 Slit WidthDetermine the width by measuring the backof the cloth from warp end to warp end using a calibrated scale.Report dimensions to the nearest132 in. (0.78 mm), withtolerances of 6132 in
25、. (61 mm).6.3 Picks per InchDetermine picks per inch by countingindividual filling yarns through a pick glass. Report to thenearest whole number with a tolerance of 6 one pick.6.4 Total Fabric DensityDetermine the ounces per squareyard using the balance (see Test Methods D 3776). Reportfabric densit
26、y to the nearest 0.001 oz/yd2(0.10 g/m2).3The sole source of supply of the pile height micrometer known to thecommittee at this time is the Andrews Equipment Co., 4619 Torresdale Ave.,Philadelphia, PA19124. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide thisinformation to ASTM Internation
27、al Headquarters. Your comments will receivecareful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1whichyou may attend.FIG. 1 Components of Typical Pile FabricFIG. 2 Pick GlassFIG. 3 Pile Height MicrometerFIG. 4 Weave ConstructionsD 6337 98 (2007)26.5 Pile Tuft DensityThe weave co
28、nstruction (W-weave orV-weave) must be known to determine the pile density. Reportpile tuft density in tufts per square inch.6.6 Shearable Pile DensityDetermine the amount of pilethat is above the backing. Report amount to the nearest 0.001oz. (0.10 g).6.7 Pile Tuft HeightDetermine the pile tuft hei
29、ght bymeasuring the length of the tuft using a graduated linear scale.Report the length to the nearest132 in. (1 mm).7. Sampling7.1 Tests shall be performed on the fabric as it will reach thepurchaser.7.2 Select the lot samples as specified for each test method.In the absence of such instructions in
30、 a specific test method,select lot sample as agreed upon between the purchaser and thesupplier.7.3 Systematically take a full reel from each side and fromthe center of each lot. Yardage from each reel in the laboratorysample will serve as test specimens.7.4 Cut five test specimens from each reel in
31、the laboratorysample.8. Conditioning8.1 Precondition and condition the laboratory samples asdirected in Practice D 1776.9. Procedure9.1 Total Fabric Height Measurement (independent of, anddoes not correlate to, 9.7):9.1.1 This procedure should only be used on fabrics with aslit width of 2 in. (51 mm
32、) or more. On fabrics with a slit widthof 4 in. (102 mm) or less, a correlation should be developedbetween the supplier and the purchaser.9.1.2 Shake the specimen twice with a quirk jerk (likecracking a whip) to bloom the pile to its upright state. Handlethe test specimens carefully to avoid alterin
33、g the uprightcondition of the pile.9.1.3 Place the specimen on the anvil of the micrometer andbring the presser foot into contact with the pile side of thematerial. Gradually increase the pressure until the entire weightof the presser foot is applied to the material. Five seconds tofull load is sugg
34、ested.9.1.4 Read the thickness scale after a definite time intervalthat is clearly started in the test report. Select this interval toensure that a reasonably stable condition exists at the time ofmaking the observation. For most materials, 5 s after the fullload has been applied will represent a st
35、able condition and is asuitable time interval. Readings should be taken to the nearest0.001 in. (0.02 mm).9.1.5 Repeat the measurements on the other specimens andreport the average measurement, the maximum measurement,and the minimum measurement for all samples.9.2 Slit Width Measurement (see Test M
36、ethod D 3774):9.2.1 Lay the test specimen, pile side down, on a smoothhorizontal surface without tension in any direction and free ofwrinkles or distortion. Use a graduated linear scale that islonger than the specimen is wide.9.2.2 Measure the width of the fabric, which will be thedistance from the
37、outer edge of the outer warp end on one sideto the outer edge of the outer warp end on the other side,measured perpendicular to the warp ends. Measurementsshould be taken at two points separated by at least 3 in. (76mm) along the length of the fabric. Do not take measurementscloser than 1 in. (25 mm
38、) to the cut ends of the specimen.9.2.3 Repeat the measurements on all specimens and reportthe average measurement, the maximum measurement, and theminimum measurement for all samples.9.3 Picks per Inch Measurement (see Test Method D 3775):9.3.1 Lay the test specimen, pile side down, on a smoothhori
39、zontal surface without tension in any direction and free ofwrinkles or distortion. Lay the pick glass on the fabric and linethe top of the viewing field so that it is parallel to the filling.Count the filling yarns (picks) along the side of the glass in the1 in. (25 mm) space. Counting should be don
40、e at two separateareas of the specimen. Do not count measurements closer than1 in. (25 mm) to the cut ends of the specimen.9.3.2 Optional Count ProcedureFor fabric designs whereindividual yarns (picks) cannot be readily distinguished forcounting in fabric, there are two optional ways to count thepic
41、ks. Either option may be selected.9.3.2.1 Ravel a piece of fabric perpendicular to the directionto be counted by removing picks from the fabric to get astraight edge. Mark at least 1 in. (25 mm) along the length ofthe specimen, then ravel and count the picks to the mark.Obtain the count in at least
42、two places along the length of thespecimen.NOTE 1This method destroys the specimen!9.3.2.2 The other method is to ravel the fabric parallel to thedirection to be counted. This can be done by removing a fewbacking ends from the fabric edge. Lay the pick glass on theraveled edge of the fabric so that
43、the top of the viewing field isparallel to the filling yarns. Count the number of picksprotruding from the edge of the fabric as seen in the 1 in. (25mm) length of the viewing field.9.3.2.3 CalculationAll measurements from the abovemethods should be converted to picks per inch as can be readfrom a p
44、ick glass. If more than 1 in. (25 mm) is counted, thetotal number of picks must be divided by the length counted ininches.9.3.3 Repeat the procedure on the other specimens andrecord the average measurement, the maximum measurement,and the minimum measurement.9.4 Total Fabric Density:9.4.1 Measure th
45、e mass per unit area of the specimen inaccordance with Test Methods D 3776.9.4.2 The mass per unit are (or total fabric density) shouldbe calculated in oz/yd2(g/m2).9.4.3 Repeat the procedure on the other specimens andrecord the average measurement, the maximum measurement,and the minimum measuremen
46、t.9.5 Pile Tuft Density:9.5.1 The pile density is measured in pile tufts per unit area,that is: pile tufts per square inch.D 6337 98 (2007)39.5.2 In order to determine the pile density, the followingitems must be known. These items may be found on orcalculated from the specification data.9.5.2.1 Pil
47、e Rows Per InchTo find the number of pilerows per inch, divide the total number of pile rows by thefinished cloth width in inches. The total number of pile rowsmay or may not be equivalent to the total number of pile ends.9.5.2.2 Picks Per InchThis may be found as described in9.3 of this practice or
48、 on the specification.9.5.2.3 Picks Per TuftDetermined by visually examiningthe weave construction of the fabric. To determine picks pertuft, count the number of picks between identical points on twosuccessive pile tufts in a pile row (see Fig. 5).9.5.3 Calculating Pile Density:Pile density tufts /
49、inch2!5picks/inch! / picks/tuft!# 3 pile rows/inch(1)9.6 Shearable Pile Density (oz./yd2(g/m2):9.6.1 Cut a rectangular piece of fabric, at least 4 by 4 in.(102 by 102 mm), or dimensions decided upon between thepurchaser and the supplier.9.6.2 Calculate and record the area of the fabric in squareinches.9.6.3 Weigh the sample and record the weight in grams.9.6.4 Using shear clippers4with a No. 50 - size 000 blade,shear pile as close to the backing as possible.9.6.5 Weight the remaining sheared backing and record theweight in grams
