1、Designation: D6337 98 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Practice forPhysical Characterization of Woven Paint ApplicatorFabrics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6337; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y
2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the dimensions, terminology, andcharacteristics generally considered of importance to thos
3、edealing with woven paint applicator fabrics and describesmethods for determining these parameters. This practice is notmeant to be a definitive analytical method to deformulatewoven fabrics.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are
4、mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety an
5、d health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD1777 Test Method for Thickness of Textile MaterialsD3774 Test Method for Wid
6、th of Textile FabricD3775 Test Method for Warp (End) and Filling (Pick) Countof Woven FabricsD3776 Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) ofFabric3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Several terms in this practice are defined in accor-dance with Terminology D123.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specifi
7、c to This Standard:3.2.1 backcoating, na resin coating that is usually appliedto the back of a fabric and heat cured to enhance its stability.3.2.2 backing, na set of warp yarns or ends of definedcomposition that help create the base of a fabric that runs thelength of the fabric (see Fig. 1).3.2.3 c
8、ase of fabric, na box of cloth, ready for shipping,usually consisting of slit reels.3.2.4 dyelot, na specific quantity that is processed to-gether and can be comparatively ranked within or among otherdyelots.3.2.5 end, none warp yarn (see Fig. 1).3.2.6 fiber, nan individual strand or filament of fin
9、ite orcontinuous length that may be of a natural or synthetic origin.3.2.7 filling, nan individual yarn of defined compositionthat interlaces with warp ends at right angles in a woven fabricto help form the base of a pile fabric (see Fig. 1).3.2.8 laboratory sample, na sample from each case offabric
10、 for acceptance testing.3.2.9 lot sample, na sample for acceptance testing con-sisting of a random number of dyelots as directed in agreementbetween purchaser and supplier.3.2.10 pick, none filling yarn (see Fig. 1).3.2.11 pick glass, nan instrument with a magnifying lensand a set viewing field of o
11、ne square inch used to identifyconstruction (see Fig. 2).3.2.12 pile, nan additional set of warp yarns or ends ofdefined composition that are introduced into a pile fabric tomake cut or uncut loops on the surface that are approximatelyperpendicular to the plane of the backing and filling (see Fig.1)
12、.3.2.13 pile fabric, na three-dimensional cloth with inter-lacing at right angles of three systems of yarn as warp, fill, andpile.3.2.13.1 DiscussionPile fabrics have a fur-like face thatcan consist of cut or uncut loops.3.2.14 pile fabric composition, nthe total make-up of thefabric, being either n
13、atural or synthetic, or a combination.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.61 on Paint Application Tools.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013. Published November 2
14、013. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D6337 98 (2007).DOI: 10.1520/D6337-98R13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to
15、the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2.15 pile height micrometer, na thickness testinginstrument, referenced in Test Method D1777.3.2.15.1 DiscussionIt consists of 4
16、in. (102 mm) diameterpresser foot controlled by a lever, a gage with readings to thenearest 0.001 in. (0.025 mm) and a horseshoe-shaped handlethat will measure 6 in. (152.4 mm) into the body of the fabric(see Fig. 3).3.2.16 pile tuft density, nthe quantity of pile per unit areaas stated in pile tuft
17、s per square inch.3.2.17 reel, na specified length of slit goods rolled to-gether as one unit.3.2.18 shearable pile, nthe pile tufts above the backingthat can be removed with shear clippers.3.2.19 slitting, na means of cutting the full width of fabricinto longitudinal strips.3.2.20 slit width, nthe
18、width dimension of a fabric stripafter slitting.3.2.21 test specimen, na specimen cut from a reel offabric.3.2.21.1 DiscussionEach specimen shall be 6 in. (152.4mm) in length, with one side of each specimen parallel to thewarp ends.3.2.22 total fabric density, nfabric weight in ounces persquare yard
19、 of finished fabric.3.2.23 tuft, nthe entire loop that forms the face of thefabric and is attached to the backing fabric at a binding site (seeFig. 1).3.2.24 weave construction, none repeat of a pattern,including per inch, ends per inch, and the way the pile weavesinto the base of the cloth, for exa
20、mple, W-weave, V-weave.3.2.24.1 W-weave, na weave construction where at least 3picks are needed to form a tuft with the resulting tuftresembling the letter “W” (see Fig. 4a).3.2.24.2 V-weave, na weave construction where only onepick is needed to form a tuft. The resulting tuft resembles theletter “V
21、” (see Fig. 4b).3.2.25 woven fabric, na cloth with interlacing at rightangles of two systems of yarn known as warp and fill.3.2.26 yarn, nthe coherent arrangement of fibers of vary-ing or similar length, whose relative positions are maintainedby a definite lateral twist to produce strength.4. Signif
22、icance and Use4.1 It is important to recognize that all woven paint appli-cator fabrics are pile fabrics and can be a combination ofseveral different yarns, in a range of densities, chemicalcompositions, and pile heights, which may influence paintingperformance.5. Apparatus5.1 Pile-Height Micrometer
23、35.2 Graduated Linear Scale, that measures to132 in. incre-ments (1 mm).5.3 Pick Glass.5.4 Balance, capable of weighing to 0.001 oz (0.10 g).6. Determination of Physical Characteristics6.1 Total Fabric HeightDetermine the total fabric heightby measuring the material thickness using a pile heightmicr
24、ometer (see Test Method D1777). Report the dimensionsto the nearest 0.001 in. (0.02 mm).6.2 Slit WidthDetermine the width by measuring the backof the cloth from warp end to warp end using a calibrated scale.Report dimensions to the nearest132 in. (0.78 mm), withtolerances of 6132 in. (61 mm).3The so
25、le source of supply of the pile height micrometer known to thecommittee at this time is the Andrews Equipment Co., 4619 Torresdale Ave.,Philadelphia, PA19124. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide thisinformation to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receivecaref
26、ul consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1whichyou may attend.FIG. 1 Components of Typical Pile FabricFIG. 2 Pick GlassFIG. 3 Pile Height MicrometerFIG. 4 Weave ConstructionsD6337 98 (2013)26.3 Picks per InchDetermine picks per inch by countingindividual filling yarns thr
27、ough a pick glass. Report to thenearest whole number with a tolerance of 6 one pick.6.4 Total Fabric DensityDetermine the ounces per squareyard using the balance (see Test Methods D3776). Reportfabric density to the nearest 0.001 oz/yd2(0.10 g/m2).6.5 Pile Tuft DensityThe weave construction (W-weave
28、 orV-weave) must be known to determine the pile density. Reportpile tuft density in tufts per square inch.6.6 Shearable Pile DensityDetermine the amount of pilethat is above the backing. Report amount to the nearest 0.001oz. (0.10 g).6.7 Pile Tuft HeightDetermine the pile tuft height bymeasuring the
29、 length of the tuft using a graduated linear scale.Report the length to the nearest132 in. (1 mm).7. Sampling7.1 Tests shall be performed on the fabric as it will reach thepurchaser.7.2 Select the lot samples as specified for each test method.In the absence of such instructions in a specific test me
30、thod,select lot sample as agreed upon between the purchaser and thesupplier.7.3 Systematically take a full reel from each side and fromthe center of each lot. Yardage from each reel in the laboratorysample will serve as test specimens.7.4 Cut five test specimens from each reel in the laboratorysampl
31、e.8. Conditioning8.1 Precondition and condition the laboratory samples asdirected in Practice D1776.9. Procedure9.1 Total Fabric Height Measurement (independent of, anddoes not correlate to, 9.7):9.1.1 This procedure should only be used on fabrics with aslit width of 2 in. (51 mm) or more. On fabric
32、s with a slit widthof 4 in. (102 mm) or less, a correlation should be developedbetween the supplier and the purchaser.9.1.2 Shake the specimen twice with a quirk jerk (likecracking a whip) to bloom the pile to its upright state. Handlethe test specimens carefully to avoid altering the uprightconditi
33、on of the pile.9.1.3 Place the specimen on the anvil of the micrometer andbring the presser foot into contact with the pile side of thematerial. Gradually increase the pressure until the entire weightof the presser foot is applied to the material. Five seconds tofull load is suggested.9.1.4 Read the
34、 thickness scale after a definite time intervalthat is clearly started in the test report. Select this interval toensure that a reasonably stable condition exists at the time ofmaking the observation. For most materials, 5 s after the fullload has been applied will represent a stable condition and i
35、s asuitable time interval. Readings should be taken to the nearest0.001 in. (0.02 mm).9.1.5 Repeat the measurements on the other specimens andreport the average measurement, the maximum measurement,and the minimum measurement for all samples.9.2 Slit Width Measurement (see Test Method D3774):9.2.1 L
36、ay the test specimen, pile side down, on a smoothhorizontal surface without tension in any direction and free ofwrinkles or distortion. Use a graduated linear scale that islonger than the specimen is wide.9.2.2 Measure the width of the fabric, which will be thedistance from the outer edge of the out
37、er warp end on one sideto the outer edge of the outer warp end on the other side,measured perpendicular to the warp ends. Measurementsshould be taken at two points separated by at least 3 in. (76mm) along the length of the fabric. Do not take measurementscloser than 1 in. (25 mm) to the cut ends of
38、the specimen.9.2.3 Repeat the measurements on all specimens and reportthe average measurement, the maximum measurement, and theminimum measurement for all samples.9.3 Picks per Inch Measurement (see Test Method D3775):9.3.1 Lay the test specimen, pile side down, on a smoothhorizontal surface without
39、 tension in any direction and free ofwrinkles or distortion. Lay the pick glass on the fabric and linethe top of the viewing field so that it is parallel to the filling.Count the filling yarns (picks) along the side of the glass in the1 in. (25 mm) space. Counting should be done at two separateareas
40、 of the specimen. Do not count measurements closer than1 in. (25 mm) to the cut ends of the specimen.9.3.2 Optional Count ProcedureFor fabric designs whereindividual yarns (picks) cannot be readily distinguished forcounting in fabric, there are two optional ways to count thepicks. Either option may
41、be selected.9.3.2.1 Ravel a piece of fabric perpendicular to the directionto be counted by removing picks from the fabric to get astraight edge. Mark at least 1 in. (25 mm) along the length ofthe specimen, then ravel and count the picks to the mark.Obtain the count in at least two places along the l
42、ength of thespecimen.NOTE 1This method destroys the specimen!9.3.2.2 The other method is to ravel the fabric parallel to thedirection to be counted. This can be done by removing a fewbacking ends from the fabric edge. Lay the pick glass on theraveled edge of the fabric so that the top of the viewing
43、 field isparallel to the filling yarns. Count the number of picksprotruding from the edge of the fabric as seen in the 1 in. (25mm) length of the viewing field.9.3.2.3 CalculationAll measurements from the abovemethods should be converted to picks per inch as can be readfrom a pick glass. If more tha
44、n 1 in. (25 mm) is counted, thetotal number of picks must be divided by the length counted ininches.9.3.3 Repeat the procedure on the other specimens andrecord the average measurement, the maximum measurement,and the minimum measurement.9.4 Total Fabric Density:9.4.1 Measure the mass per unit area o
45、f the specimen inaccordance with Test Methods D3776.D6337 98 (2013)39.4.2 The mass per unit are (or total fabric density) shouldbe calculated in oz/yd2(g/m2).9.4.3 Repeat the procedure on the other specimens andrecord the average measurement, the maximum measurement,and the minimum measurement.9.5 P
46、ile Tuft Density:9.5.1 The pile density is measured in pile tufts per unit area,that is: pile tufts per square inch.9.5.2 In order to determine the pile density, the followingitems must be known. These items may be found on orcalculated from the specification data.9.5.2.1 Pile Rows Per InchTo find t
47、he number of pilerows per inch, divide the total number of pile rows by thefinished cloth width in inches. The total number of pile rowsmay or may not be equivalent to the total number of pile ends.9.5.2.2 Picks Per InchThis may be found as described in9.3 of this practice or on the specification.9.
48、5.2.3 Picks Per TuftDetermined by visually examiningthe weave construction of the fabric. To determine picks pertuft, count the number of picks between identical points on twosuccessive pile tufts in a pile row (see Fig. 5).9.5.3 Calculating Pile Density:Pile density tufts/inch2! 5 picks/inch!/picks
49、/tuft!# 3pile rows/inch(1)9.6 Shearable Pile Density (oz./yd2(g/m2):9.6.1 Cut a rectangular piece of fabric, at least 4 by 4 in.(102 by 102 mm), or dimensions decided upon between thepurchaser and the supplier.9.6.2 Calculate and record the area of the fabric in squareinches.9.6.3 Weigh the sample and record the weight in grams.9.6.4 Using shear clippers4with a No. 50 - size 000 blade,shear pile as close to the backing as possible.9.6.5 Weight the remaining sheared backing and record theweight in grams.9.6.6 Calculate the sheara
