ASTM D6344-2004 Standard Test Method for Concentrated Impacts to Transport Packages《运输包装集中冲击的标准试验方法》.pdf
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1、Designation: D 6344 04Standard Test Method forConcentrated Impacts to Transport Packages1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6344; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numbe
2、r in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers procedures and equipment fortesting complete filled transport packages for resistance againstconcentrated low-level
3、 impacts typical of those encountered inthe distribution environment. The test is most appropriate forpackages such as thin fluted/lighter grade corrugated boxes orstretch-wrapped packaging.1.2 The test result is a pass/fail determination, based onacceptance criteria previously established, and a re
4、cord of theenergy dissipated by the complete filled transport packageduring a low level concentrated impact.NOTE 1This test method discusses the conduct of the test from aprescribed height that either meets or does not meet specific acceptancecriteria. It may be possible to conduct this type of test
5、ing using modifiedprocedures that provide a numerical response. These might include anincremental test where the drop height (or mass) is increased until aspecific failure occurs or an up-and-down or staircase procedure used tofind the average height to failure.1.3 This standard does not purport to
6、address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 996 Term
7、inology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-mentsD 4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Con-tainers and SystemsD 4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, orPackaging Components for TestingE 122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With a Specified Tolerable Err
8、or, the Average for Charac-teristics of a Lot or Process3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsGeneral definitions for the packaging anddistribution environments are found in Terminology D 996.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 acceptance criteriathe acceptable condition ofpackage and co
9、ntents that must be met after the shippingcontainer has been tested.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is intended to evaluate the ability ofpackaging to resist the force of concentrated impacts fromoutside sources, such as those encountered in various modes oftransportation and handling. T
10、hese impacts may be inflicted byadjacent freight jostling against the package in a carriervehicle, by accidental bumps against other freight when loadedor unloaded from vehicles, by packages bumping against oneanother during sorting on conveyors or chutes, or many othercircumstances.4.2 This test me
11、thod is intended to determine the ability ofpackaging to protect contents from such impacts, and toevaluate if there is sufficient clearance or support or bothbetween the package wall and its contents.5. Apparatus5.1 Cylindrical Mass with Full Radius (Hemispherical)EndSolid steel rod 32 mm 6 2 mm (1
12、.25 in. 6 0.1 in.) indiameter, approximately 115 mm (4.5 in.) long, one endrounded to form a hemisphere, with a mass of 680 6 15 g (1.56 0.03 lb). A threaded eye-bolt may be attached to the end forpositioning and support prior to guided free fall drop, but itmust be included in the 680 g (1.5 lb) ma
13、ss (see Fig. 1).Threaded eyebolts must be attached to the side for positioningand support when used as a pendulum, and must be included inthe 680 g (1.5 lb) mass.5.2 Guided Free Fall (see Fig. 2):5.2.1 The cylindrical mass (rod) is held in a start position ina stiff tube of at least 38 mm (1.5 in.)
14、diameter, such that thetubes main axis is perpendicular within 2 degrees. The end ofthe tube should be positioned 50 to 100 mm (2 to 4 in.) abovethe test specimen. The mass may be held in position, at the1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 onPackaging and is the direct
15、responsibility of Subcommittee D10.22 on Physical TestMethods.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2004. Published August 2004. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 6344 98 (2003).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Cust
16、omer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.specified vertical distance, with e
17、ither a string from the top ofthe tube, or by a support pin placed through the side of the tube.5.2.2 The mass is allowed to fall freely when released tostrike the test specimen with its rounded end. The free fallingrod must strike the test surface within 10 mm (0.4 in.) of thedesired point of impac
18、t. The test surface must be perpendicularto the direction of the falling mass.5.3 Non-guided Free Fall:5.3.1 If greater precision of impact velocity is desired, thecylindrical mass (rod) may be dropped without guidance of atube. Means of suspending the mass and its release must besuch that accuracy
19、of positioning (drop height and impactpoint) are not affected.5.3.2 The free falling rod must strike the test surface within10 mm (0.4 in.) of the desired point of impact. The test surfacemust be perpendicular to the direction of the falling mass.5.4 Pendulum (see Fig. 3):5.4.1 Two cords suspend the
20、 steel rod described in 5.1, suchthat it may be swung as a pendulum from a specified verticaldistance. The length of pendulum cords shall be at least2m(79in.). Cords must be secured in the eyebolts to prevent slippageduring test. The swinging rod must strike the test surface within10 mm (0.4 in.) of
21、 the desired point of impact. The test surfacemust be perpendicular to the direction of the falling mass.5.4.2 The test specimen must be braced securely so it doesnot move when impacted.5.5 Conditioning ApparatusAdequate facilities shall beprovided for conditioning test specimens at the proper humid
22、-ity and temperature prior to testing.5.5.1 It is recommended that atmospheres for conditioningbe selected from those given in Practice D 4332. Unlessotherwise specified, fiberboard or paperboard containers shallbe conditioned in accordance with the preconditioning andstandard conditioning atmospher
23、es specified in PracticeD 4332.6. Sampling6.1 The test specimens and number of samples shall bechosen to permit an adequate determination of representativeperformance. Practice E 122 is recommended.7. Test Specimen7.1 It is preferable to prepare the package with the actualcontents for which it was d
24、esigned (see Note 2). Close thepackage in the same manner that will be used in preparing it forshipment.NOTE 2Where the use of actual goods is not feasible because ofexcessive cost or danger, a dummy load simulating the goods may be used,provided the dummy load has the same exterior surfaces as the
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