ASTM D6344-2004(2009) 374 Standard Test Method for Concentrated Impacts to Transport Packages《运输包装集中冲击的标准试验方法》.pdf
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1、Designation: D 6344 04 (Reapproved 2009)Standard Test Method forConcentrated Impacts to Transport Packages1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6344; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、 revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers procedures and equipment fortesting complete filled transport packages for resistance againstconce
3、ntrated low-level impacts typical of those encountered inthe distribution environment. The test is most appropriate forpackages such as thin fluted/lighter grade corrugated boxes orstretch-wrapped packaging.1.2 The test result is a pass/fail determination, based onacceptance criteria previously esta
4、blished, and a record of theenergy dissipated by the complete filled transport packageduring a low level concentrated impact.NOTE 1This test method discusses the conduct of the test from aprescribed height that either meets or does not meet specific acceptancecriteria. It may be possible to conduct
5、this type of testing using modifiedprocedures that provide a numerical response. These might include anincremental test where the drop height (or mass) is increased until aspecific failure occurs or an up-and-down or staircase procedure used tofind the average height to failure.1.3 This standard doe
6、s not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Stan
7、dards:2D 996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-mentsD 4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Con-tainers and SystemsD 4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, orPackaging Components for TestingE 122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With Specifie
8、d Precision, the Average for a Characteristicof a Lot or Process3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsGeneral definitions for the packaging anddistribution environments are found in Terminology D 996.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 acceptance criteriathe acceptable condition ofpackag
9、e and contents that must be met after the shippingcontainer has been tested.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is intended to evaluate the ability ofpackaging to resist the force of concentrated impacts fromoutside sources, such as those encountered in various modes oftransportation and han
10、dling. These impacts may be inflicted byadjacent freight jostling against the package in a carriervehicle, by accidental bumps against other freight when loadedor unloaded from vehicles, by packages bumping against oneanother during sorting on conveyors or chutes, or many othercircumstances.4.2 This
11、 test method is intended to determine the ability ofpackaging to protect contents from such impacts, and toevaluate if there is sufficient clearance or support or bothbetween the package wall and its contents.5. Apparatus5.1 Cylindrical Mass with Full Radius (Hemispherical)EndSolid steel rod 32 mm 6
12、 2 mm (1.25 in. 6 0.1 in.) indiameter, approximately 115 mm (4.5 in.) long, one endrounded to form a hemisphere, with a mass of 680 6 15 g (1.56 0.03 lb). A threaded eye-bolt may be attached to the end forpositioning and support prior to guided free fall drop, but itmust be included in the 680 g (1.
13、5 lb) mass (see Fig. 1).Threaded eyebolts must be attached to the side for positioningand support when used as a pendulum, and must be included inthe 680 g (1.5 lb) mass.5.2 Guided Free Fall (see Fig. 2):5.2.1 The cylindrical mass (rod) is held in a start position ina stiff tube of at least 38 mm (1
14、.5 in.) diameter, such that thetubes main axis is perpendicular within 2 degrees. The end ofthe tube should be positioned 50 to 100 mm (2 to 4 in.) abovethe test specimen. The mass may be held in position, at the1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 onPackaging and is the
15、 direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.22 on Physical TestMethods.Current edition approved March 1, 2009. Published March 2009. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 6344 04.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Cus
16、tomer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.specified vertical distance, with
17、either a string from the top ofthe tube, or by a support pin placed through the side of the tube.5.2.2 The mass is allowed to fall freely when released tostrike the test specimen with its rounded end. The free fallingrod must strike the test surface within 10 mm (0.4 in.) of thedesired point of impa
18、ct. The test surface must be perpendicularto the direction of the falling mass.5.3 Non-guided Free Fall:5.3.1 If greater precision of impact velocity is desired, thecylindrical mass (rod) may be dropped without guidance of atube. Means of suspending the mass and its release must besuch that accuracy
19、 of positioning (drop height and impactpoint) are not affected.5.3.2 The free falling rod must strike the test surface within10 mm (0.4 in.) of the desired point of impact. The test surfacemust be perpendicular to the direction of the falling mass.5.4 Pendulum (see Fig. 3):5.4.1 Two cords suspend th
20、e steel rod described in 5.1, suchthat it may be swung as a pendulum from a specified verticaldistance. The length of pendulum cords shall be at least 2 m (79in.). Cords must be secured in the eyebolts to prevent slippageduring test. The swinging rod must strike the test surface within10 mm (0.4 in.
21、) of the desired point of impact. The test surfacemust be perpendicular to the direction of the falling mass.5.4.2 The test specimen must be braced securely so it doesnot move when impacted.5.5 Conditioning ApparatusAdequate facilities shall beprovided for conditioning test specimens at the proper h
22、umid-ity and temperature prior to testing.5.5.1 It is recommended that atmospheres for conditioningbe selected from those given in Practice D 4332. Unlessotherwise specified, fiberboard or paperboard containers shallbe conditioned in accordance with the preconditioning andstandard conditioning atmos
23、pheres specified in PracticeD 4332.6. Sampling6.1 The test specimens and number of samples shall bechosen to permit an adequate determination of representativeperformance. Practice E 122 is recommended.7. Test Specimen7.1 It is preferable to prepare the package with the actualcontents for which it w
24、as designed (see Note 2). Close thepackage in the same manner that will be used in preparing it forshipment.NOTE 2Where the use of actual goods is not feasible because ofexcessive cost or danger, a dummy load simulating the goods may be used,provided the dummy load has the same exterior surfaces as
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