1、Designation: D6360 07D6360 15Standard Practice forEnclosed Carbon-Arc Exposures of Plastics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6360; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A num
2、ber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers specific procedures and test conditions that are applicable for exposure of plastics in enclosedcarbon-arc devices c
3、onducted in accordance with Practices G151 and G153. This practice also covers the preparation of testspecimens, the test conditions suited for plastics, and the evaluation of test results.1.2 This practice does not cover filtered open-flame carbon-arc exposures of plastics, which are covered in Pra
4、ctice D1499.Practice D5031 describes enclosed carbon-arc exposures of paints and related coatings.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the
5、 user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.NOTE 1There is no known ISO equivalent to this practice.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1499 Practice for Filtered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Expos
6、ures of PlasticsD3980 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of Paint and Related Materials (Withdrawn 1998)3D5031 Practice for Enclosed Carbon-Arc Exposure Tests of Paint and Related CoatingsD5870 Practice for Calculating Property Retention Index of PlasticsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlabora
7、tory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test MethodG113 Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests of Nonmetallic MaterialsG141 Guide for Addressing Variability in Exposure Testing of Nonmetallic MaterialsG147 Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonmetallic Materials fo
8、r Natural and Artificial Weathering TestsG151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Accelerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light SourcesG153 Practice for Operating Enclosed Carbon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic MaterialsG169 Guide for Application of Basic Statistical
9、Methods to Weathering Tests3. Terminology3.1 The definitions in Terminology G113 are applicable to this practice.4. Significance and Use4.1 The ability of a plastic material to resist deterioration of its electrical, mechanical, and optical properties caused by exposureto light, heat, and water can
10、be very significant for many applications. This practice is intended to induce property changesassociated with end-use conditions, including the effects of sunlight, moisture, and heat. The exposure used in this practice is notintended to simulate the deterioration caused by localized weather phenom
11、ena such as atmospheric pollution, biological attack, andsaltwater exposure.1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.50 on Durability of Plastics.Current edition approved March 1, 2007Sept. 1, 2015. Published Mar
12、ch 2007September 2015. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 19992007as D6360 - 99.D6360 - 07. DOI: 10.1520/D6360-07.10.1520/D6360-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of A
13、STM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of
14、what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered
15、the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.2 CautionThe ability of a plastic material to resist deterioration of its electrical, mechanical,
16、 and optical properties causedby exposure to light, heat, and water can be very significant for many applications. This practice is intended to induce propertychanges associated with end-use conditions, including the effects of sunlight, moisture, and heat. The exposure used in this practiceis not i
17、ntended to simulate the deterioration caused by localized weather phenomena such as atmospheric pollution,biologicalVariation in results can be expected when operating conditions are varied within the accepted limits of this practice;therefore, no reference to the use of this practice shall be made
18、unless accompanied by a report prepared in accordance with Section9 attack, and saltwater exposure. (that describes the specific operatingWarningVariation in results may be expected whenoperating conditions are varied within the accepted limits of this practice; therefore, no reference to the use of
19、 this practice shallbe made unless accompanied by a report prepared in accordance with Section 9 that describes the specific operating conditionsused. Refer to Practice G151 for detailed information on the caveats applicable to use of results obtained in accordance with thispractice.) conditions use
20、d. Refer to Practice G151 for detailed information on the caveats applicable to use of results obtained inaccordance with this practice.NOTE 2Additional information on sources of variability and on strategies for addressing variability in the design, execution, and data analysis oflaboratory-acceler
21、ated exposure tests is found in Guide G141.4.2.1 The spectral power distribution of light from an enclosed carbon arc is significantly different from that produced in lightand water exposure devices using other carbon-arc configurations or other light sources. The type and rate of degradation and th
22、eperformance rankings produced by exposures to enclosed carbon arcs can be much different from those produced by exposures toother types of laboratory light sources.4.2.2 Interlaboratory comparisons are valid only when all laboratories use the same type of carbon arc, filters, and exposureconditions
23、4.3 Reproducibility of test results between laboratories has been shown to be good when the stability of materials is evaluatedin terms of performance ranking compared to other materials or to a control; therefore, exposure of a similar material of knownperformance (a control) at the same time as th
24、e test materials is strongly recommended.4,5 It is recommended that at least threereplicates of each material be exposed to allow for statistical evaluation of results.4.4 Test results will depend upon the care that is taken to operate the equipment in accordance with Practice G153. Significantfacto
25、rs include regulation of line voltage, freedom from salt or other deposits from water, temperature and humidity control, andconditions of the electrodes.5. Apparatus5.1 The enclosed carbon-arc apparatus used shall conform to the requirements defined in Practices G151 and G153.5.2 Unless otherwise sp
26、ecified, the spectral power distribution of the enclosed carbon-arc shall conform to the requirements inPractice G153 for enclosed carbon-arc with borosilicate glass globes.6. Test Specimen6.1 The size and shape of specimens to be exposed will be determined by the specifications of the particular te
27、st method usedto evaluate the effects of the exposure on the specimens; therefore, the test method shall be determined by the parties concerned.Where practical, it is recommended that specimens be sized to fit specimen holders and racks supplied with the exposure apparatus.Unless supplied with a spe
28、cific backing as an integral part of the test, specimens shall be mounted so that only the minimumspecimen area required for support by the holder shall be covered. This unexposed surface must not be used as part of the test area.6.2 Unless otherwise specified, exposure at least three replicate spec
29、imens of each test and control material.6.3 Follow the procedures described in Practice G147 for identification and conditioning and handling of specimens of test,control, and reference materials prior to, during, and after exposure.6.4 Do not mask the face of a specimen for the purpose of showing o
30、n one panel the effects of various exposure times.Misleading results maycan be obtained by this method, since the masked portion of the specimen is still exposed to temperatureand humidity cycles that in many cases will affect results.6.5 Since the thickness of a specimen maycan markedly affect the
31、results, thickness of test and control specimens shall be within6 10 % 610 % of the nominal dimensions.NOTE 3This is especially important when mechanical properties are being investigated.6.6 Incident energy at the extremes of the specimen exposure area in older equipment maycan be only 70 % of that
32、 at the center.If the irradiance at any position within the exposure area is less than 90 % of the peak irradiance, follow one of the proceduresoutlined in Practice G153 to ensure either equal radiant exposure or compensation for differences in radiant exposure.4 Fischer, R., “Results of Round Robin
33、 Studies of Light- and Water-Exposure Standard Practices,” Symposium on Accelerated and Outdoor Durability Testing of OrganicMaterials, ASTM STP 1202, ASTM, 1993, p.5 Ketola, W. and Fischer, B., “Characterization and Use of Reference Materials in Accelerated Durability Tests,” VAMAS Technical Report
34、 No. 30, available from NIST,Gaithersburg, MD.D6360 1526.7 Retain a supply of unexposed file specimens of all materials evaluated. When destructive tests are run, ensure that sufficientfile specimens are retained so that the property of interest can be determined on unexposed file specimens each tim
35、e exposedmaterials are evaluated.6.8 Specimens should It is preferable that specimens not be removed from the exposure apparatus for more than 24 h and thenreturned for additional tests, since this does not produce the same results on all materials as tests run without this type ofinterruption. When
36、 specimens are removed from the exposure apparatus for 24 h or more, and then returned for additionalexposure, report the elapsed time in accordance with Section 9.NOTE 4Since the stability of the file specimen also maycan be time-dependent, users are cautioned that over prolonged exposure periods,
37、or wheresmall differences in the order of acceptable limits are anticipated, comparison of exposed specimens with the file specimen may not can be valid.invalid.Instrumental measurements are recommended whenever possible.7. Procedure7.1 Practice G153 lists several exposure cycles that are used for e
38、nclosed carbon-arc exposures of nonmetallic materials. Obtainmutual agreement between all concerned parties for the specific exposure cycle used.Additional intervals and methods of wetting,by spray or condensation, or both, maycan be substituted upon mutual agreement among the concerned parties.7.1.
39、1 By historical convention, the following exposure cycle has been commonly used for plastics:7.1.2 Continuous light with equilibrium uninsulated black panel temperature controlled to 63 6 3C (145 6 9F), consistingof the following alternating intervals:7.1.2.1 102 minutes light only followed by 18 mi
40、nutes of light with water sprayed on the test specimens.7.1.3 Unless otherwise specified, in devices which allow for control of relative humidity, maintain relative humidity at a 50 65 %10 % equilibrium during the light-only interval.NOTE 5Set points and operational fluctuations are listed as set po
41、int 6 operational fluctuation in test conditions shown above or in Practice G153.They are sometimes listed separately. The set point is the target condition for the sensor used at the operational control point as programmed by the user.Operational fluctuations are deviations from the indicated set p
42、oint at the control point indicated by the readout of the calibrated control sensor duringequilibrium operation and do not include measurement uncertainty. At the operational control point, the operational fluctuation can exceed no more thanthe listed value at equilibrium.Therefore, when a standard
43、calls for a particular set point, the user programs that exact number.The operational fluctuationsspecified with the set point do not imply that the user is allowed to program a set point higher or lower than the exact set point specified.NOTE 6The equilibrium black panel temperature is obtained wit
44、hout a spray period. For light intervals less than 30 min min, it is possible that themaximum black panel temperature maywill not reach equilibrium.NOTE 7The temperature of water used for specimen spray is typically 16 6 5C (60.8 6 9F).NOTE 8The For some materials, the test cycle described in 7.1.1
45、(also referred to as the 102/18 cycle) maywill not provide an adequate simulationof the effects of outdoor exposure.7.2 Unless otherwise specified, operate the device so that the allowable deviations about the set points listed above or in PracticeG153, are within the specified limits specified in t
46、he corresponding entry. If the actual operating conditions do not agree with themachine settings after the equipment has stabilized, discontinue the test and correct the cause of the disagreement beforecontinuing.7.3 It is recommended that all unused spaces in the specimen exposure area be filled wi
47、th blank metal panels.7.4 Water Purity:7.4.1 The purity of water used for specimen spray is very important. Without proper treatment to remove cations, anions,organics, and particularly silica, exposed panels will develop spots or stains that may typically do not occur in exterior exposures.7.4.2 Fo
48、llow the requirements for water purity described in Practice G151.7.4.3 If specimens are found to have deposits or stains after exposure in the apparatus, the water purity must be checked todetermine if it meets the requirements of 7.3.27.4.2. On some occasions, exposed specimens can be contaminated
49、 by deposits frombacteria that can grow in the purified water used for specimen spray. If bacterial contamination is detected, the entire system usedfor specimen water spray must be flushed with chlorine and thoroughly rinsed prior to resuming exposures.7.3.4 The temperature of water used for specimen spray should be 16 6 5C (60.8 6 9F).7.4.4 When the preceding water purity requirements are met and there is disagreement between parties on the extent of problemscaused by stain or deposit, run referee tests in at least one other laboratory that can meet the water quali
