1、Designation: D6361/D6361M 98 (Reapproved 2010)1Standard Guide forSelecting Cleaning Agents and Processes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6361/D6361M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEUnits information and the designation were revised editorially in July 2010.1. Scope1.1 This guide is intended to assist desi
3、gn engineers,manufacturing/industrial engineers, and production managersin selecting the best fit cleaning agent and process. This guidetakes into account environmental pollution prevention factorsin a selection process.1.2 This guide is not to be considered as a database ofacceptable materials. It
4、will guide the engineers and managersthrough the cleaning material selection process, calling forengineers to customize their selection based on the cleaningrequirements for the cleaning tasks at hand. If a part can becleaned, and kept clean, it can be cycled through severalprocess steps that have c
5、leaning requirements. This eliminatesextra cleaning process steps during the total process.Atotal lifecycle cost analysis or performance/cost of ownership study isrecommended to compare the methods available.1.3 This guide is for general industry manufacturing, equip-ment maintenance and remanufactu
6、ring operations, and tosome extent precision cleaning of mechanical parts and assem-blies. It is not intended to be used for optical, medical, orelectronics applications, nor is it intended for dry-cleaning orsuper-critical fluid cleaning.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsa
7、re to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D56 T
8、est Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by ClevelandOpen Cup TesterD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometerHardnessD3167 Test Method for Floating Roller Peel Resistance ofAdh
9、esivesD3278 Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by SmallScale Closed-Cup ApparatusD3519 Test Method for Foam in Aqueous Media (BlenderTest)D3601 Test Method for Foam In Aqueous Media (BottleTest)D3707 Test Method for Storage Stability of Water-in-OilEmulsions by the Oven Test MethodD3709 Test Me
10、thod for Stability of Water-in-Oil EmulsionsUnder Low to Ambient Temperature Cycling ConditionsD3762 Test Method for Adhesive-Bonded Surface Durabil-ity of Aluminum (Wedge Test)E70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With theGlass ElectrodeE1720 Test Method for Determining Ready, Ultimate, Bio-d
11、egradability of Organic Chemicals in a Sealed Vessel CO2Production TestF483 Practice for Total Immersion Corrosion Test for Air-craft Maintenance ChemicalsF484 Test Method for Stress Crazing of Acrylic Plastics inContact with Liquid or Semi-Liquid CompoundsF485 Practice for Effects of Cleaners on Un
12、painted AircraftSurfacesF502 Test Method for Effects of Cleaning and ChemicalMaintenance Materials on Painted Aircraft SurfacesF519 Test Method for Mechanical Hydrogen EmbrittlementEvaluation of Plating/Coating Processes and Service Envi-ronmentsF945 Test Method for Stress-Corrosion of Titanium Allo
13、ysby Aircraft Engine Cleaning MaterialsF1104 Test Method for Preparing Aircraft Cleaning Com-pounds, Liquid Type, Water Base, for Storage StabilityTesting1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D26 on HalogenatedOrganic Solvents and Fire Extinguishing Agents and is the direct respons
14、ibility ofSubcommittee D26.03 on Cold Cleaning.Current edition approved June 1, 2010. Published July 2010. Originally approvedin 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D6361-98(2004). DOI:10.1520/D6361_D6361M-98R10E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orc
15、ontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.F1110 Test Method f
16、or Sandwich Corrosion TestF1111 Test Method for Corrosion of Low-Embrittling Cad-mium Plate by Aircraft Maintenance ChemicalsG44 Practice for Exposure of Metals and Alloys by Alter-nate Immersion in Neutral 3.5 % Sodium Chloride Solu-tionG121 Practice for Preparation of Contaminated Test Cou-pons fo
17、r the Evaluation of Cleaning AgentsG122 Test Method for Evaluating the Effectiveness ofCleaning Agents2.2 Other Documents:Aerospace Material Specification (AMS) 3204/AMS 3209Test for Rubber CompatibilityARP 1795 StockLoss CorrosionFAA Technical Bulletin2.3 Military Standards:MIL-S-8802MIL-S-81722MIL
18、-W-81381/11-203. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 cleaning effciency, nthe measure of how well acleaning agent is able to clean a substrate.3.1.2 level of cleanliness, nthe degree to which a partmust be cleaned in order to perform successfully in subsequentmanufact
19、uring or maintenance procedures, or to perform ad-equately in its final application.3.1.3 pre-cleaning, nthe initial cleaning step to removegross contaminants prior to a precision cleaning process.4. Summary of Guide4.1 The following is a summary of the five step approach forselecting general cleani
20、ng agents and processes for use inmanufacturing, overhaul, and maintenance in industrial opera-tion. For each step, the user of the guide will provide specificinformation on a particular aspect of their process. Then, theuser should consult the guide, which will provide appropriateguidance on evalua
21、tion criteria that should be followed in orderto evaluate the potential cleaning agents. Table 1 provides asummary of the user-defined requirements information and theprocedures to be provided by this guide. The order of the stepspresented in Table 1 is suggested, but not crucial to thesuccessful us
22、e of this guide. Section 6 will provide greaterdetails on both the user input and the guidance provided.5. Significance and Use5.1 This guide is to be used by anyone developing cleaningrequirements for specifications for manufacturing, mainte-nance, or overhaul. This guide has been designed to beapp
23、lication specific for each cleaning task and to assure thedesign engineer that the process selected by the industrial ormanufacturing engineer will be compatible with both the partmaterial and the subsequent process(es). This guide allows theindustrial or manufacturing engineer to customize the sele
24、ctionof the cleaning product based on the materials of the part beingcleaned; the cleanliness required for the subsequent pro-cess(es); and the environmental, cost, and health and safetyconcerns.6. Procedure6.1 Step 1Define the Requirements of the FacilityThefirst step taken in selecting a replaceme
25、nt cleaner is todetermine which cleaners or classes of cleaners are acceptableto the requirements of the facility. These requirements includeenvironmental, safety, and health requirements and the physi-cal and chemical properties of the cleaner itself.6.1.1 Environmental, Safety, and Health Requirem
26、entsTable 2 presents some of the more common concerns regardingcleaning agents and their effects on the environment, andworker safety and health. To use Table 2, the engineer shouldfind their concerns on the left-hand column and ensure that thecleaner meets the requirements listed in the right-hand
27、column.6.1.2 Physical and Chemical PropertiesTable 3 presentssome of the more common concerns regarding cleaning agentsand their physical and chemical properties, and the correspond-ing tests required to evaluate those properties. To use Table 3,the engineer should find their concern(s) on the left-
28、handcolumn and require the data from evaluations of the specifica-tions listed in the remainder of the row. Please note that thisguide does not provide values for the inspection results. Thesevalues are to be determined by the engineer based on thespecific requirements of the operation.6.2 Step 2Det
29、ermine Materials of the Parts BeingCleaned to Ascertain Material Compatibility TestRequirementsThe second step in using this guide is todetermine the material, or materials of the parts, being cleaned.The information will provide the engineer with the materialcompatibility test data required to ensu
30、re the cleaner will notdamage the parts being cleaned. Table 4 presents a table to beused to determine the required material compatibility tests. ToTABLE 1 Summary of GuideStep Defined User Requirements Procedure1 Define the ESH, physical andchemical requirements of thefacilityPhysical and Chemical
31、PropertiesTestVerify that the prospectiveagent is acceptable.2 Define the material(s) to becleanedMaterial Compatibility Test(s)Verify that the prospective agentwill not harm the component(s)being cleaned.3 Determine shape of part (partgeometry)Applicable processes andequipment4 Define the reason fo
32、r cleaning Performance TestingVerify thatthe prospective agent andprocess will perform to thedesired level of cleanliness for theparticular cleaning application.5 Select cleaner Validate environment, cost, andworker health and safety.TABLE 2 Environmental, Safety, and Health RequirementsConcern Requ
33、irementEnvironment Compliance with all federal, state, and local lawsand regulations concerning the procurement, use,and disposal of the cleaning agent and associatedmaterials.Worker safety and health Compliance with OSHA regulations, providesufficient personal protective equipment to ensurethe heal
34、th and safety risks of using the cleaningagent are minimized.D6361/D6361M 98 (2010)12use Table 4, select the material type from the left-hand column.The remaining information in the corresponding row providesthe short title and the specification number for each of the teststhat must be performed in
35、order to ensure material compatibil-ity with the cleaning agent. It is important to note that alloysbehave differently than pure metals and different alloys behavedifferently than other alloys; therefore, specific alloys must beutilized when conducting these compatibility tests. If data arenot avail
36、able on a specific alloy with a specific cleaner, the datamust be developed prior to the use of the cleaner.TABLE 4 Material Compatibility RequirementsMaterial Type Short Title StandardSteel Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM F483Stock Loss Corrosion ARP 1795Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F485Hyd
37、rogen Embrittlement ASTM F519Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F1110Low-Embrittling Cadmium Plate ASTM F1111CorrosionStress Corrosion ASTM G44(Modified, seeAppendix X2)Cobalt alloys Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM F483Stock Loss CorrosionEffects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F485Hydrogen Embrittlement ASTM F51
38、9Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F1110Low-Embrittling Cadmium Plate ASTM F1111CorrosionStress Corrosion ASTM G44(Modified, seeAppendix X2)Nickel alloys Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM F483Stock Loss CorrosionEffects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F485Hydrogen Embrittlement ASTM F519Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F11
39、10Low-Embrittling Cadmium Plate ASTM F1111CorrosionStress Corrosion ASTM G44(Modified, seeAppendix X2)Titanium alloys Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM F483Stock Loss CorrosionEffects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F485Hydrogen Embrittlement ASTM F519Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F1110Stress Corrosion of Tita
40、niumAASTM F945Low-Embrittling Cadmium Plate ASTM F1111CorrosionStress Corrosion ASTM G44(Modified, seeAppendix X2)Iron Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM F483Stock Loss CorrosionEffects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F485Hydrogen Embrittlement ASTM F519Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F1110Low-Embrittling Cadmium
41、 Plate ASTM F1111CorrosionTABLE 3 Physical and Chemical PropertiesConcern ASTM StandardFlash point D56D92D93D3278pH value E70Foaming properties D3519D3601Biodegradability E1720Storage stability D3707F1104Temperature stability D3709D6361/D6361M 98 (2010)13TABLE 4 ContinuedMaterial Type Short Title St
42、andardStress Corrosion ASTM G44(Modified, seeAppendix X2)Aluminum Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM F483Stock Loss CorrosionEffects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F485Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F1110Stress Corrosion ASTM G44(Modified, seeAppendix X2)Magnesium Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM F483Stock Los
43、s CorrosionEffects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F485Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F1110Stress Corrosion ASTM G44(Modified, seeAppendix X2)Brass and bronze Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM F483Stock Loss CorrosionEffects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F485Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F1110Stress Corrosion ASTM G44(M
44、odified, seeAppendix X2)Copper and alloys Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM F483Stock Loss CorrosionEffects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F485Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F1110Stress Corrosion ASTM G44(Modified, seeAppendix X2)Epoxy matrix withmetalsTotal Immersion Corrosion or ASTM F483Stock Loss Corrosion
45、Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F485Hydrogen Embrittlement ASTM F519Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F1110Low-Embrittling Cadmium Plate ASTM F1111CorrosionStress Corrosion ASTM G44(Modified, seeAppendix X2)Rubber compounds Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F485F484Rubber Compatibility AMS 3204/3209Rubber
46、 PropertyDurometer ASTM D2240Thermoset plastics Stress Crazing of Acrylic Plastics ASTM F484Rubber PropertyDurometer ASTM D2240Thermo plastics Stress Crazing of Acrylic Plastics ASTM F484Rubber ProperyDurometer ASTM D2240Acrylics Stress Crazing of Acrylic Plastics ASTM F484Polycarbonates Stress Craz
47、ing of Acrylic Plastics ASTM F484Optics Stress Crazing of Acrylic Plastics ASTM F484Rubber PropertyDurometer ASTM D2240Wiring (insulation) Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F485Effect on Polymide Insulated Wire Appendix X1Rubber Compatibility AMS 3204/3209Rubber ProperyDurometer ASTM D2240Leather a
48、nd fabrics Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F485D6361/D6361M 98 (2010)14TABLE 4 ContinuedMaterial Type Short Title StandardPainted surfaces Effects on Painted Surfaces ASTM F502 (withprimers and paintsthat are beingcleaned)Polysulfide sealants Effects on Polysulfide Sealants Appendix X3AOnly appli
49、cable when dealing with engine parts exceeding 500F.6.3 Step 3Analyze Part Geometry to Determine Accept-able Cleaning Processes and EquipmentOnce the engineerhas determined that a cleaning agent will meet the materialcompatibility and facility requirements, the next step is todetermine the process in which it is to be used. The shape of thepart will be a critical parameter in determining the type ofcleaning operation for which the part can be subjected withsatisfactory results. Some shapes are not conducive to certaintypes of cleaning processes. Table 5
