1、Designation: D 6389 99 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Practice forTests to Evaluate the Chemical Resistance of Geotextiles toLiquids1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6389; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revis
2、ion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes the procedures used for testinggeotextiles for chemical resistance to liquid
3、s.1.2 This practice describes test methods for measuringchanges in planar dimensions, tensile properties, and otheroptional physical, mechanical, and hydraulic properties causedby immersion in test liquids which may be representative ofanticipated end-use conditions. This practice may be used toasse
4、ss the extent to which a products as-manufactured prop-erties are affected by such immersion.1.3 This practice is intended to be used in conjunction witheither Practices D 5322 or D 5496. The scope of this practice islimited to testing and reporting procedures for unexposed andexposed geotextile sam
5、ples.1.4 Evaluation or interpretation of test data is beyond thescope of this practice.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices
6、and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specificwarning statements, see Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 1238 Test Method for Flow Rates of Thermoplastics byExtrusion PlastometerD 3895 Test Method for Ox
7、idative-Induction Time of Poly-olefins by Differential Scanning CalorimetryD 4439 Terminology for GeotextilesD 4491 Test Methods for Water Permeability of Geotextilesby PermittivityD 4533 Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing Strength ofGeotextilesD 4595 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Geotextiles
8、by the Wide-Width Strip MethodD 4603 Test Method for Determining Inherent Viscosity ofPoly(ethylene Terephthalate) (PET)D 4632 Test Method for Grab Breaking Load and Elonga-tion of GeotextilesD 4716 Test Method for Determining the (In-Plane) FlowRate per Unit Width and Hydraulic Transmissivity of aG
9、eosynthetic Using a Constant HeadD 4751 Test Method for Determining theApparent OpeningSize of a GeotextileD 4833 Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance ofGeotextiles, Geomembranes, and Related ProductsD 5199 Test Method for Measuring Nominal Thickness ofGeotextiles and GeomembranesD 5261 Test Me
10、thod for Measuring Mass per Unit Area ofGeotextilesD 5322 Practice for Immersion Procedures for Evaluatingthe Chemical Resistance of Geosynthetics to LiquidsD 5496 Practice for In-Field Immersion Testing of Geosyn-theticsD 5747 Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resis-tance of Geomembranes
11、to LiquidsD 5885 Test Method for Oxidative Induction Time of Poly-olefin Geosynthetics by High-Pressure Differential Scan-ning Calorimetry3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 chemical resistance, nfor geosynthetics, the extentto which a material or product retains its as-manufacturedphysical and chem
12、ical characteristics when subjected to im-mersion or contact with a foreign substance (see PracticeD 5747).3.1.2 geosynthetic, na planar product manufactured frompolymeric material used with foundation soil, rock, earth, orany other geotechnical engineering related material as an1This practice is un
13、der the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosyn-thetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.02 on EnduranceProperties.Current edition approved June 1, 2005. Published October 2005. Orginallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 638999.2For referenced AST
14、M standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshoho
15、cken, PA 19428-2959, United States.integral part of a manmade project, structure, or system (seeTerminology D 4439).3.1.3 geotextile, nany permeable textile used with foun-dation, soil, rock, earth, or any other geotechnical material asan integral part of manmade product, structure, or system (seeTe
16、rminology D 4439).3.1.4 For definitions of other terms used in this practice,refer to Terminologies D 123 and D 4439.4. Summary of Practice4.1 This practice defines test methods and procedures forevaluating the resistance of geotextiles to liquid exposure bymonitoring physical and chemical propertie
17、s of geotextilesspecimens immersed in a test liquid. The physical condition ofthe geotextile is monitored as a function of cumulative expo-sure time by means of dimensional measurements and physicalproperty tests.5. Significance and Use5.1 This practice provides a test procedure for determiningthe r
18、esistance of a geotextile with a liquid waste, leachate, orchemical. This practice should be used in the absence of otherspecifications required for the particular situation being ad-dressed.5.2 The specification of test procedures in this practice isintended to serve as a guide for those wishing to
19、 compare orinvestigate the chemical resistance of a geotextile to a poten-tially harsh chemical environment.5.3 This practice is for the chemical resistance assessmentof geotextiles and is written in parallel to similar standardpractices for geomembranes, geogrids, geonets, and geopipes.Each standar
20、d is to be considered individually for the geosyn-thetic under investigation and collectively for all geosyntheticsexposed to the potentially harsh chemical environment underconsideration.6. Apparatus6.1 Analytical Balance, capable of weighing accurately to0.001 g.6.2 Measuring Equipment, such as sc
21、ales or calipers, suit-able for determining dimensions of geotextiles.6.3 All other required equipment is specified in Section 2.Refer to the appropriate standards for a description of theapparatus necessary to perform each test.7. HazardsNOTE 1Warning: The solutions used in this practice may contai
22、nhazardous chemicals. Appropriate precautions must be taken when han-dling hazardous waste, chemicals, and the immersion solutions. Protectiveequipment suitable for the chemicals being used must be worn by allpersonnel handling or exposed to the chemicals. Particular care should betaken when opening
23、 storage vessels at elevated temperatures due to theincreased volatility of organics and the increased activity of acids andbases. Care also must be taken to prevent the spilling of hazardousmaterials, and provisions must be made to clean up any accidental spillsthat occur.7.1 Before carrying out an
24、y test, safety precautions anddisposal procedures for hazardous waste, chemicals, or immer-sion liquids, and any contaminated geotextile materials shouldbe identified and implemented to provide full protection to allpersonnel and to comply with applicable disposal regulations.8. Sampling38.1 Determi
25、ne the number of the test specimens accordingto the requirements of the property monitoring test and thenumber of test intervals.8.2 Cut individual test specimens randomly in the roll and inthe cross directions along the length of the roll of geotextile,staying at least 150 mm away from the selvage.
26、8.3 Mix or shuffle specimens in a random fashion, keepingthe roll and cross roll specimens separate. From the shuffledspecimens, select specimens for assignment to unexposed(baseline) testing and for immersion in the test liquid fortesting after exposure.9. Conditioning9.1 ConditioningSamples must b
27、e conditioned at a tem-perature of 2162C (7064F) and a relative humidity between50 and 70 % for a period not less than 40 h prior to weighingor baseline testing and immersion, or a combination thereof.9.2 Condition the test liquid, that is, immersion liquid, in theexposure tank, with stirring, as re
28、commended in PracticesD 5322 or D 5496, or both.10. Procedure10.1 Immerse the samples in the liquid according to eitherPractices D 5322 or D 5496.10.2 Testing for Baseline ValuesThe unexposed speci-mens (not exposed to the test liquid) shall be moist whentested. Each specimen shall be immersed in wa
29、ter for 24 h priorto testing. Excess water to drain from each of the specimensprior to testing. Conduct testing prior to commencement of theimmersions.10.3 Exposed Sample TestingTest the exposed specimensmoist. Allow excess liquid to drain from the specimens. Storethe exposed specimens in leak-free
30、polyethylene bags untiltesting can be conducted. Commence testing within 24 h ofremoval from the liquid. Testing will be conducted after eachperiod of exposure.10.4 DimensionsBefore exposure to the liquid, measurethe length of a minimum of two 20 000-mm2(100 3 200-mm)specimens in both the machine an
31、d cross machine directionsusing a vernier caliper, marking the exact points measuredusing reference markers. Reference markers will consist ofindelible ink or other insoluble material. Track the specimensdimensions for the entire duration of the test, by measuringtheir dimensions after each immersio
32、n period. Immediatelyafter measurement, the specimens shall be returned to theimmersion vessel for exposure.NOTE 2Some tests may require the use of “dry” specimens. In thesecases, an exposed specimen may be rinsed in tap water and dried toconstant weight in an air oven prior to testing. While drying
33、 temperatures3Unlike some other geosynthetics, such as geomembranes, geotextile testspecimens are cut directly from the roll before immersion, not from already-immersed coupons.D 6389 99 (2005)2may vary depending on specimen condition and chemical makeup afterexposure, it is recommended that the sam
34、e drying procedure be used forall testing periods.11. Testing: Required, Recommended, and Nonapplicable11.1 Tables 1 and 2 present additional tests according to thegeotextiles function and polymer. Required testing is indicatedasAin Table 1. Nonapplicable tests are indicated as N/Ain bothtables. All
35、 other tests are recommended.NOTE 3Determination of intrinsic viscosity (IV) and carboxyl endgroup (CEG) count for polyester have been performed in accordance witha variety of test procedures. The users of this practice are encouraged toinvestigate and use IV and CEG test procedures most appropriate
36、 for theirobjectives.12. Report12.1 State that the immersion procedure was performed asdirected in either Practices D 5322 or D 5496.12.2 Describe the material or product tested and the mate-rials condition prior to immersion, including any imperfec-tions or observed physical characteristics which c
37、ould influ-ence test results.12.3 Describe the method used to sample the product for theimmersion procedure.12.4 Report which test procedures were used for evaluatingthe geotextile and any deviations from the procedures.12.5 Report all raw data, averages, and standard deviations.12.6 Report the perc
38、ent changes from the original unex-posed test values for the exposed materials.12.7 Evaluation or interpretation is beyond the scope of thispractice.13. Keywords13.1 chemical resistance; geosynthetics; geotextilesAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. RATIONALEThis practice is intended to provide a s
39、tandardized procedurefor conducting chemical resistance tests for geotextile. Theterm“ chemical compatibility” also has been used to describesuch tests. The need for this practice was established byASTMSubcommittee D35.02 with the objective to provide a group ofrelated standards for defining test pr
40、ocedure specifications forchemical resistance studies covering various kinds of geosyn-thetics. The purpose of such testing is to assess the effects ofimmersion in liquid waste, leachate, or chemical on geosyn-thetic materials and products, which will contact the fluids in awaste containment facilit
41、y. Such testing may be performed aspart of the design or regulatory review process.EPA Method 9090A (SW 846)4has been used widely as areference describing procedures for chemical resistance testingof geomembranes. This practice is intended to extend theconcept and rationale behind EPA Method 9090A t
42、o addressgeotextiles. The practice addresses test methods applicable togeotextiles, and it should be used together with either PracticesD 5322 or D 5496, which define immersion procedures forgeosynthetics in waste fluids.Evaluation or interpretation is beyond the scope of thispractice and should be
43、conducted by the owner or ones agent,or by an appropriate expert. In general, the facility owner,designer, or geosynthetics user is responsible for defining4EPA/600/288/052, Lining of Waste Containment and Other ImpoundmentFacilities 23 Determination of Carboxyl End Groups in a Polyester, Polyethyle
44、neTerephthalate, Analytical Chemistry, Vol 26, No. 10, October 1954.TABLE 1 Function of GeotextileGeotextile Property Separation Protection Reinforcement Drainage FiltrationGrab strength D 4632AD 4632AD 4632 D 4632 D 4632APuncture resistance D 4833AD 4833AD 4833 D 4833 D 4833ATrapezoidal tear streng
45、th D 4533AD 4533AD 4533 D 4533 D 4533AWide width tensile N/A D 4595 D 4595AD 4595 D 4595AApparent opening size D 4751AN/A N/A D 4751AD 4751APermittivity D 4491AN/A N/A N/A D 4491ATransmissivity N/A N/A N/A D 4716AN/AThickness D 5199 D 5199AD 5199 D 5199 D 5199Mass unit area D 5261 D 5261AD 5261 D 52
46、61 D 5261ARequired testing.N/A = Nonapplicable tests.TABLE 2 Geotextile PolymerGeotextile Property Polyolefin (PP, PE) PolyesterOxidative induction time (D 3895, D 5885) D 3895, D 5885 N/AMelt flow index D 1238 N/AIntrinsic viscosity (D 4603)N/AD 4603Carboxyl end groupAN/AAASee EPA/600/288/052.N/A =
47、 Nonapplicable tests.D 6389 99 (2005)3chemical resistance criteria. Such criteria generally are consid- ered to be site and application specific.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of
48、this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five
49、years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO B
