1、Designation: D6389 99 (Reapproved 2012)Standard Practice forTests to Evaluate the Chemical Resistance of Geotextiles toLiquids1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6389; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisio
2、n, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes the procedures used for testinggeotextiles for chemical resistance to liquids.1
3、.2 This practice describes test methods for measuringchanges in planar dimensions, tensile properties, and otheroptional physical, mechanical, and hydraulic properties causedby immersion in test liquids which may be representative ofanticipated end-use conditions. This practice may be used toassess
4、the extent to which a products as-manufactured prop-erties are affected by such immersion.1.3 This practice is intended to be used in conjunction witheither Practices D5322 or D5496. The scope of this practice islimited to testing and reporting procedures for unexposed andexposed geotextile samples.
5、1.4 Evaluation or interpretation of test data is beyond thescope of this practice.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and d
6、etermine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specificwarning statements, see Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1238 Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplasticsby Extrusion PlastometerD3895 Test Method for Oxida
7、tive-Induction Time of Poly-olefins by Differential Scanning CalorimetryD4439 Terminology for GeosyntheticsD4491 Test Methods for Water Permeability of Geotextilesby PermittivityD4533 Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing Strength of Geo-textilesD4595 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Geotextiles by
8、the Wide-Width Strip MethodD4603 Test Method for Determining Inherent Viscosity ofPoly(Ethylene Terephthalate) (PET) by Glass CapillaryViscometerD4632 Test Method for Grab Breaking Load and Elongationof GeotextilesD4716 Test Method for Determining the (In-plane) FlowRate per Unit Width and Hydraulic
9、 Transmissivity of aGeosynthetic Using a Constant HeadD4751 Test Method for DeterminingApparent Opening Sizeof a GeotextileD4833 Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance ofGeomembranes and Related ProductsD5199 Test Method for Measuring the Nominal Thicknessof GeosyntheticsD5261 Test Method for Mea
10、suring Mass per Unit Area ofGeotextilesD5322 Practice for Laboratory Immersion Procedures forEvaluating the Chemical Resistance of Geosynthetics toLiquidsD5496 Practice for In Field Immersion Testing of Geosyn-theticsD5747 Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resis-tance of Geomembranes to Li
11、quidsD5885 Test Method for Oxidative Induction Time of Poly-olefin Geosynthetics by High-Pressure Differential Scan-ning Calorimetry3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 chemical resistance, nfor geosynthetics, the extentto which a material or product retains its as-manufacturedphysical and chemical c
12、haracteristics when subjected to im-mersion or contact with a foreign substance (see PracticeD5747).3.1.2 geosynthetic, na planar product manufactured frompolymeric material used with foundation soil, rock, earth, or1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosyn-thetics and
13、 is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.02 on EnduranceProperties.Current edition approved July 1, 2012. Published July 2012. Orginally approvedin 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D638999(2005). DOI:10.1520/D6389-99R12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website,
14、www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1any
15、 other geotechnical engineering related material as anintegral part of a manmade project, structure, or system (seeTerminology D4439).3.1.3 geotextile, nany permeable textile used withfoundation, soil, rock, earth, or any other geotechnical materialas an integral part of manmade product, structure,
16、or system(see Terminology D4439).3.1.4 For definitions of other terms used in this practice,refer to Terminologies D123 and D4439.4. Summary of Practice4.1 This practice defines test methods and procedures forevaluating the resistance of geotextiles to liquid exposure bymonitoring physical and chemi
17、cal properties of geotextilesspecimens immersed in a test liquid. The physical condition ofthe geotextile is monitored as a function of cumulative expo-sure time by means of dimensional measurements and physicalproperty tests.5. Significance and Use5.1 This practice provides a test procedure for det
18、erminingthe resistance of a geotextile with a liquid waste, leachate, orchemical. This practice should be used in the absence of otherspecifications required for the particular situation being ad-dressed.5.2 The specification of test procedures in this practice isintended to serve as a guide for tho
19、se wishing to compare orinvestigate the chemical resistance of a geotextile to a poten-tially harsh chemical environment.5.3 This practice is for the chemical resistance assessmentof geotextiles and is written in parallel to similar standardpractices for geomembranes, geogrids, geonets, and geopipes
20、.Each standard is to be considered individually for the geosyn-thetic under investigation and collectively for all geosyntheticsexposed to the potentially harsh chemical environment underconsideration.6. Apparatus6.1 Analytical Balance, capable of weighing accurately to0.001 g.6.2 Measuring Equipmen
21、t, such as scales or calipers, suit-able for determining dimensions of geotextiles.6.3 All other required equipment is specified in Section 2.Refer to the appropriate standards for a description of theapparatus necessary to perform each test.7. HazardsNOTE 1Warning: The solutions used in this practi
22、ce may containhazardous chemicals. Appropriate precautions must be taken when han-dling hazardous waste, chemicals, and the immersion solutions. Protectiveequipment suitable for the chemicals being used must be worn by allpersonnel handling or exposed to the chemicals. Particular care should betaken
23、 when opening storage vessels at elevated temperatures due to theincreased volatility of organics and the increased activity of acids andbases. Care also must be taken to prevent the spilling of hazardousmaterials, and provisions must be made to clean up any accidental spillsthat occur.7.1 Before ca
24、rrying out any test, safety precautions anddisposal procedures for hazardous waste, chemicals, or immer-sion liquids, and any contaminated geotextile materials shouldbe identified and implemented to provide full protection to allpersonnel and to comply with applicable disposal regulations.8. Samplin
25、g38.1 Determine the number of the test specimens accordingto the requirements of the property monitoring test and thenumber of test intervals.8.2 Cut individual test specimens randomly in the roll and inthe cross directions along the length of the roll of geotextile,staying at least 150 mm away from
26、 the selvage.8.3 Mix or shuffle specimens in a random fashion, keepingthe roll and cross roll specimens separate. From the shuffledspecimens, select specimens for assignment to unexposed(baseline) testing and for immersion in the test liquid fortesting after exposure.9. Conditioning9.1 ConditioningS
27、amples must be conditioned at a tem-perature of 2162C (7064F) and a relative humidity between50 and 70 % for a period not less than 40 h prior to weighingor baseline testing and immersion, or a combination thereof.9.2 Condition the test liquid, that is, immersion liquid, in theexposure tank, with st
28、irring, as recommended in PracticesD5322 or D5496, or both.10. Procedure10.1 Immerse the samples in the liquid according to eitherPractices D5322 or D5496.10.2 Testing for Baseline ValuesThe unexposed speci-mens (not exposed to the test liquid) shall be moist whentested. Each specimen shall be immer
29、sed in water for 24 h priorto testing. Excess water to drain from each of the specimensprior to testing. Conduct testing prior to commencement of theimmersions.10.3 Exposed Sample TestingTest the exposed specimensmoist. Allow excess liquid to drain from the specimens. Storethe exposed specimens in l
30、eak-free polyethylene bags untiltesting can be conducted. Commence testing within 24 h ofremoval from the liquid. Testing will be conducted after eachperiod of exposure.10.4 DimensionsBefore exposure to the liquid, measurethe length of a minimum of two 20 000-mm2(100 200-mm)specimens in both the mac
31、hine and cross machine directionsusing a vernier caliper, marking the exact points measuredusing reference markers. Reference markers will consist ofindelible ink or other insoluble material. Track the specimensdimensions for the entire duration of the test, by measuringtheir dimensions after each i
32、mmersion period. Immediatelyafter measurement, the specimens shall be returned to theimmersion vessel for exposure.3Unlike some other geosynthetics, such as geomembranes, geotextile testspecimens are cut directly from the roll before immersion, not from already-immersed coupons.D6389 99 (2012)2NOTE
33、2Some tests may require the use of “dry” specimens. In thesecases, an exposed specimen may be rinsed in tap water and dried toconstant weight in an air oven prior to testing. While drying temperaturesmay vary depending on specimen condition and chemical makeup afterexposure, it is recommended that t
34、he same drying procedure be used forall testing periods.11. Testing: Required, Recommended, and Nonapplicable11.1 Tables 1 and 2 present additional tests according to thegeotextiles function and polymer. Required testing is indicatedasAin Table 1. Nonapplicable tests are indicated as N/Ain bothtable
35、s. All other tests are recommended.NOTE 3Determination of intrinsic viscosity (IV) and carboxyl endgroup (CEG) count for polyester have been performed in accordance witha variety of test procedures. The users of this practice are encouraged toinvestigate and use IV and CEG test procedures most appro
36、priate for theirobjectives.12. Report12.1 State that the immersion procedure was performed asdirected in either Practices D5322 or D5496.12.2 Describe the material or product tested and the mate-rials condition prior to immersion, including any imperfec-tions or observed physical characteristics whi
37、ch could influ-ence test results.12.3 Describe the method used to sample the product for theimmersion procedure.12.4 Report which test procedures were used for evaluatingthe geotextile and any deviations from the procedures.12.5 Report all raw data, averages, and standard deviations.12.6 Report the
38、percent changes from the original unex-posed test values for the exposed materials.12.7 Evaluation or interpretation is beyond the scope of thispractice.13. Keywords13.1 chemical resistance; geosynthetics; geotextilesTABLE 1 Function of GeotextileGeotextile Property Separation Protection Reinforceme
39、nt Drainage FiltrationGrab strength D4632AD4632AD4632 D4632 D4632APuncture resistance D4833AD4833AD4833 D4833 D4833ATrapezoidal tear strength D4533AD4533AD4533 D4533 D4533AWide width tensile N/A D4595 D4595AD4595 D4595AApparent opening size D4751AN/A N/A D4751AD4751APermittivity D4491AN/A N/A N/A D4
40、491ATransmissivity N/A N/A N/A D4716AN/AThickness D5199 D5199AD5199 D5199 D5199Mass unit area D5261 D5261AD5261 D5261 D5261ARequired testing.N/A = Nonapplicable tests.TABLE 2 Geotextile PolymerGeotextile Property Polyolefin (PP, PE) PolyesterOxidative induction time (D3895, D5885) D3895, D5885 N/AMe
41、lt flow index D1238 N/AIntrinsic viscosity (D4603)N/AD4603Carboxyl end groupAN/AAASee EPA/600/288/052.N/A = Nonapplicable tests.D6389 99 (2012)3APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. RATIONALEX1.1 This practice is intended to provide a standardizedprocedure for conducting chemical resistance tests fo
42、r geotex-tile. The term“ chemical compatibility” also has been used todescribe such tests. The need for this practice was establishedby ASTM Subcommittee D35.02 with the objective to providea group of related standards for defining test procedurespecifications for chemical resistance studies coverin
43、g variouskinds of geosynthetics. The purpose of such testing is to assessthe effects of immersion in liquid waste, leachate, or chemicalon geosynthetic materials and products, which will contact thefluids in a waste containment facility. Such testing may beperformed as part of the design or regulato
44、ry review process.X1.2 EPA Method 9090A (SW 846)4has been used widelyas a reference describing procedures for chemical resistancetesting of geomembranes. This practice is intended to extendthe concept and rationale behind EPA Method 9090A toaddress geotextiles. The practice addresses test methods ap
45、pli-cable to geotextiles, and it should be used together with eitherPractices D5322 or D5496, which define immersion proce-dures for geosynthetics in waste fluids.X1.3 Evaluation or interpretation is beyond the scope of thispractice and should be conducted by the owner or ones agent,or by an appropr
46、iate expert. In general, the facility owner,designer, or geosynthetics user is responsible for definingchemical resistance criteria. Such criteria generally are consid-ered to be site and application specific.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted
47、in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the
48、responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive ca
49、reful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or service
