1、Designation: D6390 11Standard Test Method forDetermination of Draindown Characteristics inUncompacted Asphalt Mixtures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6390; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y
2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amountof draindown in an uncompacted asphalt mixture sample wh
3、enthe sample is held at elevated temperatures comparable to thoseencountered during the production, storage, transport, andplacement of the mixture. The test is particularly applicable tomixtures such as porous asphalt (open-graded friction course)and stone matrix asphalt (SMA)1.2 The values stated
4、in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and he
5、alth practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction MaterialsD979 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Paving MixturesD4753 Guide for E
6、valuating, Selecting, and SpecifyingBalances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, andConstruction Materials TestingD6926 Practice for Preparation of Bituminous SpecimensUsing Marshall ApparatusE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSieves3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 d
7、raindownfor the purpose of this test method,draindown is considered to be that portion of material whichseparates itself from the sample as a whole and is depositedoutside the wire basket during the test. The material whichdrains may be composed of either asphalt binder or a combi-nation of asphalt
8、binder, additives, or fine aggregate.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A sample of the asphalt mixture to be tested is preparedin the laboratory or obtained from field production. The sampleis placed in a wire basket which is positioned on a plate orother suitable container of known mass. The sample, bas
9、ket,and plate or container are placed in a force draft oven for onehour at a pre-selected temperature. At the end of one hour, thebasket containing the sample is removed from the oven alongwith the plate or container and the mass of the plate orcontainer containing the drained material, if any, is d
10、etermined.The amount of draindown is then calculated.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method can be used to determine whether theamount of draindown measured for a given asphalt mixture iswithin specified acceptable levels. The test provides an evalu-ation of the draindown potential of an asphal
11、t mixture duringmixture design and/or during field production. This test isprimarily used for mixtures with high coarse aggregate contentsuch as porous asphalt (open-graded friction course) and stonematrix asphalt (SMA).6. Apparatus6.1 Forced Draft Oven, capable of maintaining the tempera-ture in a
12、range from 120 to 175C and the set temperature towithin 6 2C.6.2 Plates, or other suitable containers of appropriate size.The plates or containers used shall be of appropriate durabilityto withstand the oven temperatures. Cake pans or pie tins areexamples of suitable types of containers.6.3 Standard
13、 basket meeting the dimensions shown in Fig.1. The basket shall be constructed using standard 6.3 mm sievecloth as specified in Specification E11.6.4 BalanceAbalance readable to 0.1g and conforming tothe requirements of Specification D4753, GP2.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Com
14、mittee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.25 onAnalysis of Bituminous Mixtures.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2011. Published March 2011. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D6390 05. DOI:10.1520/D6390-11.2For refe
15、renced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, Wes
16、t Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7. Sample Preparation7.1 Laboratory Prepared Samples:7.1.1 Number of SamplesFor each mixture tested, thedraindown characteristics shall be determined at two differenttemperatures. The two temperatures shall be the anticipatedplant production temperature a
17、s well as 10C above (see Note1). For each temperature, duplicate samples shall be tested.Thus for one asphalt mixture, a minimum of four samples willbe tested.7.1.2 Dry the aggregate to a constant mass and sieve it intoappropriate size fractions as indicated in Practice D6926.7.1.3 Determine the ant
18、icipated plant production tempera-ture for the specific mix to be tested based on the specifica-tions, mix design, or recommendations of the binder supplier.7.1.4 Place into separate pans for each test sample theamount of each size fraction required to produce completedmixture samples having a mass
19、of 1200 6 200 g. Theaggregate fractions shall be combined such that the resultingaggregate blend has the same gradation as the job-mix formula.Place the aggregate samples in an oven and heat to a tempera-ture not to exceed the temperature established in 7.1.1.7.1.5 Heat the asphalt binder to the tem
20、perature establishedin 7.1.1.7.1.6 Place the heated aggregate in the mixing bowl. Addany stabilizers (see Note 2) and thoroughly mix the drycomponents. Form a crater in the aggregate blend and add therequired amount of asphalt binder. The amount of asphaltbinder shall be such that the final sample h
21、as the same asphaltcontent as the job-mix formula. At this point, the temperatureof the aggregate and asphalt binder shall be at the temperaturedetermined in 7.1.1. Mix the aggregate (and stabilizer if any)and asphalt binder quickly until the aggregate is thoroughlycoated.7.2 Plant Produced Samples:
22、7.2.1 Number of SamplesFor plant produced samples,triplicate samples shall be tested at the plant productiontemperature.7.2.2 Samples shall be obtained in accordance with PracticeD979 during plant production by sampling the mixture at anyappropriate location such as the trucks prior to the mixturele
23、aving the plant. Samples obtained during actual productionshall be reduced to the proper test sample size.NOTE 1When using the test as part of the mixture design procedure,the test should be performed at two temperatures in order to determine thepotential effect that plant temperature variation may
24、have on the mixtureduring production. When the test is used in the field during production, itshould be necessary to perform the test at the plant production temperatureonly.NOTE 2Some types of stabilizers such as fibers or some polymers areadded directly to the aggregate prior to mixing with the as
25、phalt binder.Other types of stabilizers are added directly to the asphalt binder prior toblending with the aggregate.8. Procedure8.1 Weigh the empty wire basket described in 6.3 (Mass A).Transfer the laboratory produced or plant produced uncom-pacted mixture sample to the wire basket as soon as poss
26、ible.Place the entire sample in the wire basket. Do not consolidateor otherwise disturb the sample after transfer to the basket.Determine the mass of the wire basket plus sample to thenearest 0.1 g. (Mass B).8.2 Determine and record the mass of a plate or othersuitable container to the nearest 0.1 g
27、ram at ambient tempera-ture (Mass C). Place the basket on the plate or container andplace the assembly into the oven at the temperature asdetermined in 7.1.1 or 7.2.1 for1h6 5 min.8.3 After the sample has been in the oven for 1 h 65 min,remove the basket and plate or container from the oven. Letcool
28、 to ambient temperature. Determine and record the mass ofthe plate or container plus drained material to the nearest 0.1 g(Mass D).9. Calculation9.1 Calculate the percent of mixture which drained to thenearest 0.1 % as follows:draindown percent!5D2C!/B2A! 3 100 (1)where:FIG. 1 Wire Basket Assembly (
29、Not to Scale)D6390 112A = mass of the empty wire basket,B = mass of the wire basket and sample,C = mass of the empty catch plate or container, andD = mass of the catch plate or container plus drainedmaterial.10. Report10.1 Report the following:10.1.1 Mix Designation10.1.2 Percent asphalt binder cont
30、ent (by weight of totalmix)10.1.3 Date of Test10.1.4 Test Temperatures10.1.5 Average percent drainage at each of the test tempera-tures to the nearest 0.1 %.11. Precision and Bias311.1 See Table 1 for precision statements for mixtures withdraindown values of less than 1.0 % (see Note 3).NOTE 3These
31、precision statements are based on an analysis of around-robin study conducted by the National Center for Asphalt Technol-ogy, using one stone matrix asphalt mix, three replicates, and tenlaboratories. The precision statements are based on a mixture that had anaverage draindown value of 0.3 %.11.2 Se
32、e Table 2 for precision statements for mixtures withdraindown values of more than 1.0 % (see Note 4).NOTE 4These precision statements are based on an analysis of around-robin study conducted by the National Center for Asphalt Technol-ogy, using one stone matrix asphalt mix, three replicates, and ten
33、laboratories. The precision statements are based on a mixture that had anaverage draindown value of 1.4 %.11.3 BiasThe test method has no bias because the valuesdetermined can be defined only in terms of the test method.12. Keywords12.1 asphalt mixtures; draindown; open-graded frictioncourses; stone
34、 matrix asphaltASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of s
35、uch rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for add
36、itional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to t
37、he ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at th
38、e aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM Internationa
39、l Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D04-1013.TABLE 1 Precision Statements for Mixtures With DraindownValues of Less Than 1.0 %Test and Type IndexCoefficient of Variation(% of mean)AAcceptable Range of TwoTest Results (% of mean)ASingle operator precision:Draindown, %32
40、.5 92.0Multilaboratory precision:Draindown, %68.2 193.0AThese numbers represent, respectively, the (1s %) and (d2s %) limits asdescribed in Practice C670.TABLE 2 Precision Statements for Mixtures With DraindownValues of More Than 1.0 %Test and Type IndexCoefficient of Variation(% of mean)AAcceptable Range of TwoTest Results (% of mean)ASingle operator precision:Draindown, %28.1 79.5Multilaboratory precision:Draindown, %35.9 101.6AThese numbers represent, respectively, the (1s %) and (d2s %) limits asdescribed in Practice C670.D6390 113
