1、Designation: D6393 08D6393 14Standard Test Method forBulk Solids Characterization by Carr Indices1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6393; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、 A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers an apparatus and procedures for measuring properties of bulk solids, henceforth referred to as CarrIndices.
3、21.2 This test method is suitable for free flowing and moderately cohesive powders and granular materials up to 2.0 mm in size.Materials must be able to pour through a 6.0 to 8.0-mm diameter funnel outlet when in an aerated state.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No o
4、ther units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This method consists of eight measurements and two calculations to provide ten tests for Carr Indices. Each individual testor a combination of several tests Indices as follows. Each measurement, or calculation, or combination of them, can b
5、e used tocharacterize the properties of bulk solids. These ten tests are as follows:1.3.1 Test AMeasurement of Carr Angle of Repose1.3.2 Test BMeasurement of Carr Angle of Fall1.3.3 Test CCalculation of Carr Angle of Difference1.3.4 Test DMeasurement of Carr Loose Bulk Density1.3.5 Test EMeasurement
6、 of Carr Packed Bulk Density1.3.6 Test FCalculation of Carr Compressibility1.3.7 Test GMeasurement of Carr Cohesion1.3.8 Test HMeasurement of Carr Uniformity1.3.9 Test IMeasurement of Carr Angle of Spatula1.3.10 Test JMeasurement of Carr Dispersibility1.4 All observed and calculated values shall con
7、form to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in PracticeD6026.1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industrystandard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that genera
8、lly should be retained. The procedures used do notconsider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the users objectives:and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these con
9、siderations.It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.1.5 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to a
10、ddress all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D653 Terminol
11、ogy Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.24 on Characterization andHandling of Powders and Bulk Solids.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008Nov. 1, 2014. Pu
12、blished October 2008November 2014. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 20062008as D6393 99 (2006).D6393 08. DOI: 10.1520/D6393-08.10.1520/D6393-14.2 Carr, R.L., “Evaluating Flow Properties of Solids,” Chemical Engineering, January 18, 1965, pp. 163168.3 For referencedASTM
13、standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of
14、an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as publ
15、ished by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moistur
16、e) Content of Soil and Rock by MassD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used inEngineering Design and ConstructionD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific t
17、o This Standard:3.1.1 For common definitions of terms in this test method, refer to Terminology D653.3.1.2 Carr Angle of Difference, nthe difference between the Carr Angle of Repose and Carr Angle of Fall.3.1.3 Carr Angle of Fall, nan angle of repose measured from a powder heap to which a defined im
18、pulse shock has been given.3.1.4 CarrAngle of Repose, na measurement from the powder heap built up by dropping the material through a vibrating sieveand funnel above a horizontal plate.3.1.5 Carr Angle of Spatula, na measurement from the powder heap formed on a spatula that had been buried and thene
19、xtracted from a bed of powder.3.1.6 Carr Cohesion, na descriptive measure of interparticle forces based on the rate at which particles pass through sieves.3.1.7 Carr Compressibility, na calculation made by using Carr Loose Bulk Density and Carr Packed Bulk Density asdetermined in 6.8.3.1.8 Carr Disp
20、ersibility, na measurement by which a powder sample is dropped through a hollow cylinder above a watchglass and then the amount of powder collected by the watch glass is measured.3.1.9 Carr Dynamic Bulk Density, na calculated bulk density of a material. It is used to compute vibration time for the C
21、arrCohesion measurement.3.1.10 Carr Loose Bulk Density, na measurement obtained by sieving the sample through a vibrating chute to fill a measuringcup.3.1.11 Carr Packed Bulk Density, na measurement obtained by dropping a measuring cup, which is filled with the sample,a specific number of times from
22、 the same height. Sometimes known as a Tapped Bulk Density.3.1.12 Carr Uniformity, na measurement calculated from the particle size distribution of the powder as measured by sieving.3.1 Definitions of Terms:3.1.1 For common definitions of terms in this test method, refer to Terminology D653.4. Summa
23、ry of Test Method4.1 Carr Angle of Repose is determined by dropping the powder specimen through a vibrating sieve and funnel above ahorizontal circular platform and measuring the angle of powder cone in relation to the edge of the circular platform.4.2 Carr Angle of Fall is determined by measuring t
24、he angle of powder cone in relation to the edge of a circular platform afterapplying shock impacts to the powder cone. The measurement is performed after completing the measurement of Carr Angle ofRepose.4.3 Carr Angle of Difference is calculated by subtracting Carr Angle of Fall from Carr Angle of
25、Repose.4.4 Carr Loose Bulk Density is determined by sieving powder specimen through a vibrating chute to fill a measuring cup andcalculating the mass of loose powder in a given volume.4.5 Carr Packed Bulk Density is determined by dropping a measuring cup filled with powder specimen for a specific nu
26、mberof times from the same height and calculating the mass of packed powder in a given volume.4.6 Carr Compressibility is a calculation based on the Carr Loose Bulk Density and Carr Packed Bulk Density.4.7 Carr Cohesion is a descriptive measure of inter-particle forces based on the rate at which par
27、ticles pass through sieves. Itis determined by measuring the mass of powder on each sieve after vibrating it with powder specimen for a specific period of time.Sieve selection and its vibration time are determined based on the Carr Loose Bulk Density and Carr Packed Bulk Density.4.8 Carr Uniformity
28、is chosen when Carr Cohesion measurement is not recommended. It is determined by measuring theparticle size distribution of the powder specimen using sieve analysis with suitable sieve screens that cover the particle size rangeof the powder specimen, then calculating the ratio of particle sizes whic
29、h corresponding to 60% of powder by volume passing tothat of 10 % of powder by volume passing.4.9 CarrAngle of Spatula is an average angle of powder pile in relation to the edge of a spatula before and after applying shockimpacts. The powder pile on the spatula is formed by covering the spatula with
30、 a specific volume of powder specimen on a pan,then lowering the pan to expose the spatula with a considerable amount of powder on it.4.10 Carr Dispersibility is determined by dropping a powder specimen through a hollow cylinder above a watch glass, thenmeasuring the mass of powder collected by the
31、watch glass.D6393 1425. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides measurements that can be used to describe the bulk properties of a powder or granular material.5.2 The measurements can be combined with practical experience to provide relative rankings of various forms of bulk handlingbehavi
32、or of powders and granular materials for a specific application.NOTE 1The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of theequipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are gene
33、rally considered capable of competent and objectivetesting/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliableresults depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those
34、 factors. Practice D3740 was developed for agenciesengaged in the testing or inspection (or both) of soil and rock. As such it is not totally applicable to agencies performing this standard. However, usersof this standard should recognize that the framework of Practice D3740 is appropriate for evalu
35、ating the quality of an agency performing this standard.Currently there is no known qualifying national authority that inspects agencies that perform this standard.6. Apparatus6.1 Powder Characteristics TesterThe main instrument includes a timer/counter (A), a vibrating mechanism (B), an amplitudega
36、uge (C), a rheostat (D), and a tapping device (E) (see Fig. 1).46.1.1 Timer/CounterThe timer is used to control the duration of vibration and the number of taps. A minimum 180-s timerfor 60 Hz power supply is required. Alternatively, a counter can be used to control the number of taps.or a counter i
37、s necessary.6.1.2 Vibrating Mechanism, to deliver vibration at 50 to 60 Hz to the vibration plate at an amplitude of 0.0 to 3.0 mm.6.1.3 Amplitude Gauge, mounted on the vibration plate to measure the amplitude of the vibration from 0.0 to 4.0 mm.6.1.4 RheostatA dial used to adjust the vibration ampl
38、itude of vibration plate from 0.0 to 3.0 mm.6.1.5 Tapping Device, consists of tap holder and tapping lift bar (tapping pin), which lifts and free-fall drops a measuring cupa stroke of 18.0 6 0.1 mm at a rate of 1.0 6 0.2 taps/s.6.2 Carr Spatula AssemblyThe spatula assembly consists of a spatula blad
39、e (A), a pan base/elevator stand (B), and a spatulashocker (C) (see Fig. 2).6.2.1 Spatula BladeA chrome-plated brass plate mounted on the blade receiver to retain powder while the elevator standlowers the powder-filled pan. The dimensions of the spatula blade are 80 to 130 mm length, 21.0 to 23.0-mm
40、 width and 3.0 to6.0-mm thick.6.2.2 Spatula ShockerA sliding bushing with a mass of 109.0 to 111.0 g and a drop height of 140.0 to 160.0 mm, measuredfrom the lower edge of the bushing to the shocker base for the measurement of CarrAngle of Spatula. The total mass of the shockerassembly including the
41、 sliding bushing, pole, spatula blade, and blade receiver is 0.3 to 1.0 kg.kg depending on the material ofconstruction.4 The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is Hosokawa Micron International Inc., 10 Chatham Road, Summit, NJ. If you are awareof alternative s
42、uppliers, please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsibletechnical committee,1 which you may attend.FIG. 1 Powder Characteristics Tester for Carr IndicesD6393 1436.3 A dispersibility measuring unit con
43、sists of a container (A) with shutter cover (B), a cylindrical glass tube (C), and a watchglass (D), (see Fig. 3).6.3.1 ContainerA hopper unit with a shutter cover at the bottom to support a powder sample.specimen. The shutter coveropens horizontally to release the powder samplespecimen, which then
44、falls through the glass tube onto the watch glass.6.3.2 Cylindrical Glass Tube, located vertically 160 to 180 mm under the shutter cover to confine the scattering/dispersedpowder. The dimension of the tube is 90 to 110-mm diameter and 320 to 360-mm length.6.3.3 Watch Glass, centered 100 to 105 mm un
45、der the cylindrical glass tube to collect undispersed powder. The dimension ofwatch glass is 90 to 110-mm diameter and about 2.0-mm thickness with the radius of curvature of about 96.3 mm, concaveupwards.6.4 Accessories:6.4.1 Spatula PanA stainless steel pan with at least a 100.0-mm width, a 125.0-m
46、m length, a 25.0 mm height, and a 1.0-mmthickness, used to retain powder for the preparation of the measurement of Carr Angle of Spatula.6.4.2 ScoopA stainless steel container used to transport powder.6.4.3 ScraperA chrome plated brass or stainless steel plate used to scrape off excess powder in the
47、 cup.6.4.4 CupA 100-cm3 stainless steel cylindrical container with the inside dimensions of 49.9 to 50.1-mm diameter and 49.9to 50.1 mm height used for Carr Bulk Density measurement. The wall thickness of the cup is 1.3 to 2.3 mm. The interior wallsof the cup are shall be sufficiently smooth that ma
48、chining marks are not evident.6.4.5 Cup ExtensionA white Delrin (trademarked) extension sleeve for the 100 cm3 measuring cup, 53.0 to 55.0 mm indiameter by 47.0 to 49.0 mm in height.6.4.6 Funnel for Carr Angle of Repose ReposeA glass funnel with about a 5565 6 5 angle bowl as measured from thehorizo
49、ntal, 6.0 to 8.0 mm bottom outlet diameter and outlet stem length 32.0 to 36.0 mm for the measurement of Carr Angle ofRepose.6.4.7 Stationary ChuteA stainless steel conical chute with the dimensions of 73.0 to 77.0 mm top diameter, 53.0 to 57.0 mmheight, and 48.0 to 52.0 mm bottom diameter to guide the powder flow into the measuring cup (see 5.4.46.4.4).FIG. 2 Carr Spatula AssemblyFIG. 3 Carr Dispersibility Measuring UnitD6393 1446.4.8 Vibration ChuteA stainless steel conical chute with the dimensions of 73.0 to 77.0 mm top diamete
