1、Designation: D6413/D6413M 13D6413/D6413M 13aStandard Test Method forFlame Resistance of Textiles (Vertical Test)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6413/D6413M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is used to measure the vertical flame resistance of textiles.1.1.1 As a part of the measure o
3、f flame resistance, afterflame and afterglow characteristics are evaluated.1.2 This standard shall be used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flameunder controlled laboratory conditions and shall not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard
4、or fire risk of materials,products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of t
5、he other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health pr
6、actices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD4391 Terminology Relating to The Burning Behavior of Textiles3. Terminology3.1 Definition
7、sFor definitions of terms relating to the combustion of textiles, see Terminology D4391. For definitions of othertextile terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D123.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 afterflame, npersistent flaming of a material after the ignition
8、 source has been removed.3.2.2 after-flame time, nthe length of time for which a material continues to flame after the ignition source has been removed.3.2.3 afterglow, nglow in a material after the removal of an external ignition source or after the cessation (natural or induced)of flaming of the m
9、aterial.3.2.4 afterglow time, nthe time afterglow continues after the removal of the ignition source and the cessation of flaming.3.2.5 char length, n in measuring flame resistance of textiles, the distance from the fabric edge, which is directly exposed tothe flame to the furthest point of visible
10、fabric damage after a specified tearing force has been applied.3.2.6 charring, nthe formation of carbonaceous residue as the result of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.3.2.7 flame, nas related to ignition of textiles, a controlled hot, luminous zone of gas or matter in gaseous suspension, or both,
11、of constant size and shape that is undergoing combustion as evidenced by a low-intensity heat flux of less than 1 kw, such as candleflame or match flame.3.2.8 flame application time, nthe time interval for which the ignition flame is applied to a material.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction
12、 of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.52 on Flammability.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2013Feb. 15, 2013. Published February 2013March 2013. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 20122013 asD6413/D6413M 12.D6413/D6413M 13.
13、 DOI: 10.1520/D6413_D6413M-13.10.1520/D6413_D6413M-13A.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This d
14、ocument is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions
15、as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2.9 flame resistance, nthe property of a material wh
16、ereby flaming combustion is prevented, terminated, or inhibitedfollowing application of a flaming or nonflaming source of ignition, with or without subsequent removal of the ignition source.3.2.10 glow, nvisible, flameless combustion of the solid phase of a material.3.2.11 ignition, nthe initiation
17、of combustion.3.2.12 melting, na liquification of material under the influence of heat.3.2.13 smoldering, nthe combustion of a solid material without accompaniment of flame but generally with the productionof smoke.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A specimen is positioned vertically above a controlled f
18、lame and exposed for a specified period of time. The flame then isremoved, and afterflame time and afterglow time are measured.4.2 Char length is measured under a specified force.4.3 Any evidence of melting or dripping is noted.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method determines the response of t
19、extiles to a standard ignition source, deriving measurement values forafterflame time, afterglow time, and char length.5.2 The vertical flame resistance, as determined by this test method, only relates to a specified flame exposure and applicationtime.5.3 This test method maintains the specimen in a
20、 static, draft-free, vertical position and does not involve movement except thatresulting from the exposure.5.4 Test Method D6413 has been adopted from Federal Test Standard No. 191A method 5903.1, which has been used for manyyears in acceptance testing. The between-laboratory precision of this test
21、 method has not been established. Refer to Section 14 forsingle-laboratory precision.5.4.1 If there are differences or practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparativetests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, u
22、sing competent statistical assistance. As aminimum, the test samples used should be as homogeneous as possible, that are drawn from the material from which the disparatetest results are obtained, and that are assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. Other materials withesta
23、blished test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using astatistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must befound and corrected, or future test result
24、s must be adjusted in consideration on the known bias.6. Apparatus6.1 Test Cabinet andAccessories, fabricated in accordance with the requirements specified in Figs. 1-56. Galvanized sheet metalor other suitable metal can be used. The entire inside back wall of the cabinet shall be painted black to f
25、acilitate the viewing ofthe test specimen and pilot flame.6.1.1 The test cabinet shall be set up in a laboratory hood or with comparable equipment so that combustion gases can beremoved from the test lab environment. Precautions must be taken to minimize the draft through the laboratory hood while t
26、esting.Open doors or windows are examples of unnecessary causes of drafts and must be avoided. A ventilation smoke tube kit3 may beused to check for the presence of drafts.6.2 Burner, equipped with a needle valve to adjust flame height (see Fig. 4).6.2.1 The burner shall be constructed by combining
27、a 10 mm 0.38 in. inside diameter barrel 76 6 6 mm 3 6 0.25 in. longwith a base from an adjustable valve burner. A Tirrill burner is recommended, but a Bunsen burner modified to conform to thistest method also will suffice.6.2.2 The pilot light tube shall have an inside diameter of approximately 1.5
28、mm 0.06 in. and shall be spaced 3 mm 0.12 in.away from the burner edge.6.2.2.1 The pilot light tube shall be located vertically next to the burner as shown in Fig. 4.6.2.3 Gas controls and connections shall be as specified in Fig. 5. The solenoid valve shall be capable of being fully openedor fully
29、closed in less than 0.2s 0.2 s and activated by an adjustable timer. The solenoid valve should be positioned as close to theburner as possible using a 50 6 13 mm 2 6 0.5 in. length of 6.5 mm 0.25 in. inside diameter, 13 mm outside diameter 0.5in outside diameter methane safe hose (Fig. 6). In older
30、cabinets where the solenoid valve is located outside the test chamber aretrofit can be done to accommodate this change. (See Fig. 5 and Fig. 6.)3 A ventilation smoke tube kit is available from A-Line Safety Appliance Company, Pittsburgh, PA 15230.D6413/D6413M 13a26.2.4 On the side of the barrel of t
31、he burner, opposite the burner pilot light there shall be a flame height gage constructed ofmetal spaced approximately 13 mm 0.50 in. from the barrel and extending above the burner. The gage shall have two prongsapproximately 8 mm 0.32 in. long marking the distances of 19 mm 0.75 in. and 38 mm 1.50
32、in. above the top of the burner.6.2.5 The burner shall be movable when placed in the cabinet and capable of adjustments to center the burner directly belowthe center bottom edge of the specimen when performing the tests.6.3 Gas Regulator Valve System, a control system with a delivery rate designed t
33、o furnish gas to the burner under a pressureof 17.2 6 1.7 kPa 2.5 6 0.25 lbf/in.2 at the burner inlet. The manufacturers recommend delivery rate for the valve system shallinclude the required pressure.6.4 Gas Mixture, methane, 99 % pure.6.5 Test Specimen Holder, constructed as shown in Fig. 3. The a
34、ssembly is shown in Figs. 1 and 2.6.6 Specimen Holder Clamps, capable of firmly holding the test specimen in the test specimen holder.6.7 Laboratory Hood, in which to carry out the test.6.8 Stop Watch, or other device to measure the burning time to 0.2 s.FIG. 1 Test ApparatusD6413/D6413M 13a36.9 Mea
35、suring Scale, graduated in increments of at least 3 mm 0.12 in. to measure the length of char.6.10 Metal Hooks and WeightsMetal hooks and a range of weights to produce a series of total loads, which will be used todetermine char length. The metal hooks shall consist of 1-mm 0.04-in. diameter steel w
36、ire, 76 mm 3 in. long. The hook isformed by bending the wire to 45 angle forming a hook 3 mm 0.5 in. from one end. This hook is used for puncturing the fabric.6.11 Flame Impingement Timer, a timer and electrical gas solenoid used to control the interval, which gas is supplied to theburner.7. Hazards
37、7.1 Normal precautions applicable to pressurized flammable gases, open flames, hot flames, hot surfaces, burning fabrics andcombustion, off gases and solid residue shall be employed.7.2 Conduct the tests in a hood to contain the gases evolved during testing and for exhaust of the gases after each te
38、st.8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Adjust gas pressure to 17.2 6 1.7 kPa 2.506 0.25 lbf/in.2 and ignite pilot flame. Adjust the pilot flame to a height ofapproximately 3 mm 0.12 in. when measured from its lowest point. Be sure that the tip does not alter shape of the test flameduring the 12 s exposur
39、e time.8.1.1 Adjust the burner flame using the needle valve in the base of the burner to achieve a flame height of 38 mm 1.50 in.This height is achieved by fully closing the air opening on the burner tube base and fully opening the solenoid valve.NOTE 1Tape may be used to close off the air openings
40、on the burner.8.1.1.1 The 38-mm 112- in. flame height is obtained by adjusting the flame level with the top of the metal prong. (See Fig.67.) It is important that the flame height be adjusted with the tip of the flame level with the tip of the metal prong. The tip of themethane flame is blue, transp
41、arent, and difficult to see; it is more easily seen if there is no light on the flame, for example in adarkened room. An easy way to accomplish this is by turning off all nearby lights.FIG. 2 a Test Apparatus Construction DetailsD6413/D6413M 13a48.1.2 Position the burner so that the middle of the lo
42、wer edge of the specimen holder is centered 19 mm 0.75 in. above theburner.NOTE 2It may be necessary to turn off nearby lights to make sure of the accuracy of intersect of the midpoint of the flame with the mounting clamp.8.2 Adjust the timer to provide a 12 6 0.2-s flame to the specimen.NOTE 3Using
43、 a hand-held timer or stopwatch, verify the flame time.8.2.1 Do this by measuring the interval between the opening and closing of the solenoid with an accurate laboratory timer orstopwatch.9. Sampling9.1 Primary Sampling UnitConsider rolls of fabric or fabric components of fabricated assemblies to b
44、e the primary samplingunit, as applicable.9.2 Laboratory Sampling UnitAs a laboratory sampling unit take from rolls at least one full-width piece of fabric that is 1m 1 yd long along the selvage (machine direction), after removing first a 1-m 1-yd length. For fabric components of fabricatedassemblie
45、s the entire assembly may be used.9.3 Test SpecimensFrom each laboratory sampling unit, cut five lengthwise and five widthwise test specimens 76 mm 3.0 in.by 300 mm 12 in. For woven fabrics, the long dimensions are cut parallel to the warp yarns for lengthwise tests and parallelto the filling yarns
46、for widthwise tests. Take lengthwise specimens from different positions across the width of the fabric. Considerthe long direction as the direction of the test. Label to maintain specimen identity.9.3.1 Cut specimens representing a broad distribution diagonally across the width of the laboratory sam
47、pling unit. Ensurespecimens are free of folds, creases, or wrinkles. Avoid getting oil, water, grease, etc., on the specimens when handling.9.3.2 If the fabric has a pattern, ensure that the specimens are a representative sampling of the pattern.10. Conditioning10.1 Bring the laboratory sampling uni
48、ts or test specimens to moisture equilibrium as directed in Practice D1776, or for aminimum of 24 h using the temperature and relative humidity specified in D1776, except no preconditioning is necessary.FIG. 2 b Test Apparatus Construction Details (continued)D6413/D6413M 13a510.2 Each specimen to be
49、 tested shall be exposed to the test flame within 4 min after removal from the standard atmosphereor placed in a desiccator without desiccant or equivalent after conditioning for storage until testing and transfer to the testing area.11. Procedure11.1 Mount and expose each specimen to the flame within 4 min of removal from the conditioning area or storage.11.2 Clamp the test specimen between the two halves of the holder, with the bottom of the specimen even with the bottom ofthe holder. With the ho
