1、Designation: D 6434 04Standard Guide for theSelection of Test Methods for Flexible Polypropylene (fPP)Geomembranes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6434; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、 of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers recommendations for the selection ofappropriate test methods for flexible polypropylene sheet u
3、sedin geomembrane applications to provide consistency in datareporting.1.2 This guide includes test methods for three types offlexible polypropylene geomembranes including smooth non-reinforced sheet, textured nonreinforced sheet, and scrim-reinforced sheet.1.3 This guide is intended to aid all pers
4、onnel involved inthe selection, manufacture, installation, or evaluation of flex-ible polypropylene geomembrane sheet.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-pria
5、te safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo-plastic ElastomersTensionD 413 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyAdhesion toFlexible SubstrateD 471 Test
6、 Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD 573 Test Method for RubberDeterioration in an AirOvenD 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD 696 Test Method for Coefficient of Linear Thermal Ex-pansion of Plastics Between -30C and 30C With aVitreous Silica DilatometerD 746 Test Method fo
7、r Brittleness Temperature of Plasticsand Elastomers by ImpactD 751 Test Methods for Coated FabricsD 790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforcedand Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating MaterialsD 792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-tive Density) of Plastics b
8、y DisplacementD 882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin PlasticSheetingD 1004 Test Method for Initial Tear Resistance of PlasticFilm and SheetingD 1149 Test Method for Rubber DeteriorationSurfaceOzone Cracking in a ChamberD 1204 Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes ofNonrigid Thermoplas
9、tic Sheeting or Film at ElevatedTemperatureD 1238 Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplasticsby Extrusion PlastometerD 1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient TechniqueD 1603 Test Method for Carbon Black in Olefin PlasticsD 2136 Test Method for Coated FabricsLow-Temper
10、ature Bend TestD 2137 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyBrittlenessPoint of Flexible Polymers and Coated FabricsD 3389 Test Method for Coated Fabrics Abrasion Resis-tance (Rotary Platform, Double-Head Abrader)D 3417 Test Method for Enthalpies of Fusion and Crystal-lization of Polymers by Differential
11、Scanning Calorimetry(DSC)D 4218 Test Method for Determination of Carbon BlackContent in Polyethylene Compounds by the Muffle-Furnace TechniqueD 4364 Practice for Performing Outdoor AcceleratedWeathering Tests of Plastics Using Concentrated SunlightD 4437 Practice for Determining the Integrity of Fie
12、ldSeams Used in Joining Flexible Polymeric SheetGeomembranesD 4439 Terminology for GeosyntheticsD 4545 Practice for Determining the Integrity of FactorySeams Used in Joining Manufactured Flexible SheetGeomembranesD 4833 Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance ofGeotextiles, Geomembranes, and Relat
13、ed Products1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosyntheticsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomembranes.Current edition approved June 1, 2004. Published July 2004. Originally approvedin 1999. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 6434 - 99
14、.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box
15、 C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D 5199 Test Method for Measuring the Nominal Thicknessof GeosyntheticsD 5321 Test Method for Determining the Coefficient of Soiland Geosynthetic or Geosynthetic and Geosynthetic Fric-tion by the Direct Shear MethodD 5323 Practice for Determinati
16、on of 2 % Secant Modulusfor Polyethylene GeomembranesD 5397 Test Method for Evaluation of Stress Crack Resis-tance of Polyolefin Geomembranes Using Notched Con-stant Tensile Load TestD 5514 Test Method for Large Scale Hydrostatic PunctureTesting of GeosyntheticsD 5617 Test Method for Multi-Axial Ten
17、sion Test for Geo-syntheticsD 5721 Practice for Air-Oven Aging of PolyolefinGeomembranesD 5747 Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resis-tance of Geomembranes to LiquidsD 5884 Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength ofInternally Reinforced GeomembranesD 5994 Test Method for Measuring Co
18、re Thickness ofTextured GeomembraneD 6693 Test Method for Determining Tensile Properties ofNonreinforced Polyethylene and Nonreinforced FlexiblePolypropylene GeomembranesD 7003 Test Method for Strip Tensile Properties of Rein-forced GeomembranesE 96 Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Mate-
19、rialsF 1249 Test Method for Water Vapor Transmission RateThrough Plastic Film and Sheeting Using a ModulatedInfrared SensorG 26 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus(Xenon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposureof Nonmetallic Materials3G 151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Material
20、s in Ac-celerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light SourcesG 154 Practice for Operating Fluorescent Light Apparatusfor UV Exposure of Nonmetallic MaterialsG 155 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatusfor Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials2.2 Federal Test Method Standards:4FTMS 101C2031
21、 Puncture Resistance3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of geosynthetics terms usedin this guide, refer to Terminology D 4439.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 flexible polypropylene, na material having a 2 %secant modulus of less than 300 MPa (42 850 psi) as deter-mi
22、ned by Practice D 5323 produced by polymerization ofpropylene with or without other alpha olefin monomers.4. Significance and Use4.1 To evaluate flexible polypropylene properly, tests mustbe performed according to specific test methods and proce-dures. Failure to follow this guide can result in data
23、 notrepresentative of the materials characteristics and perfor-mance.5. Test Methods5.1 Recommended test methods for flexible polypropylenesheet are listed in tables as follows:5.1.1 Table 1Flexible Polypropylene (fPP) Sheet Manu-facturing Quality Control Tests;5.1.2 Table 2Optional Performance Test
24、s for FlexiblePolypropylene (fPP) Sheet; and,5.1.3 Table 3Tests for Field and Factory Prepared Seamsof Flexible Polypropylene (fPP) Sheet.6. Keywords6.1 flexible polypropylene; geomembrane3Withdrawn.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Ph
25、iladelphia, PA 19111-5098.TABLE 1 Flexible Polypropylene (fPP) Sheet Manufacturing Quality Control TestsSheet Type Reinforced SheetSmooth NonreinforcedSheetTextured Sheet ConditionsGeneral:Terminology D 4439 D 4439 D 4439Conditioning D 618 D 618 D 618Physical Properties:Thickness D 5199 D 5199 D 599
26、4Ultimate tensile strength andelongationD 7003 D 6693 D 6693 Type IV, no extensometergrip separation = 63.5 mm (2.50 in.),strain rate = 509 mm/min (20 in./min)D 412, Die C D 412, Die C D 412, Die CD 882 D 882 D 882 D 882 for thickness1mm(0.040 in.)Tear resistance D 7003D 5884D 1004 D 1004Puncture re
27、sistance D 7003D 4833 D 4833 D 4833FTMS 101C2031Ply adhesion D 413 D6434042TABLE 2 Optional Performance Tests for Flexible Polypropylene (fPP) SheetSheet Type Reinforced SheetSmooth NonreinforcedSheetTextured Sheet ConditionsGeneral:Terminology D 4439 D 4439 D 4439Conditioning D 618 D 618 D 618Physi
28、cal Properties:Flow rates of thermoplastics D 1238 D 1238 230C, 2.16 kgCarbon black content D 1603D 4218D 1603D 4218D 1603D 4218Low temperature bend D 2136 D 2136 D 2136Thermal expansion D 696 D 696 D 696Density D 1505D 792D 1505D 792D 1505D 792Water vapor transmission E 96F 1249E96F 1249E96F 1249Wa
29、ter absorption D 471 D 471 D 471Mechanical Properties:2 % Secant modulus D 5323 D 5323 D 5323Flexural modulus D 790 D 790 D 790Hydrostatic resistance D 5514D 751A, Procedure 1D 5514 D 5514Multi-axial tensile D 5617 D 5617 D 5617Geosynthetic friction by direct shear D 5321 D 5321 D 5321Thermal Proper
30、ties:Dimensional stability D 1204 D 1204 D 1204 100C, 1 hMelting temperature D 3417 D 3417 D 3417Brittleness point D 2137D 746D 2137D 746D 2137D 746Endurance Properties:Weathering Resistance G 26G 151G 154G 155D 4364G26G 151G 154G 155D 4364G26G 151G 154G 155D 436480C, 0.35 W/m2Ozone resistance D 114
31、9 D 1149 D 1149Stress crack resistance D 5397 D 5397 D 5397Oven aging D 573D 5721D 573D 5721D 573D 572185CAbrasion resistance D 3389 D 3389 D 3389Chemical resistance D 471D 5747D 471D 5747D 471D 5747TABLE 3 Tests for Field and Factory Prepared Seams of Flexible Polypropylene (fPP) SheetSeam Properti
32、es Test Method CommentsPeel strength (hot air, hot wedge, and extrusion welds) D 4437 strip width = 25.4 mm (1.00 in.)grip separation = 50.8 mm (2.00 in.) + seamstrain rate = 508 mm/min (20 in./min)maximum test strain = 200 %Shear strength (hot air, hot wedge, and extrusion welds) D 4437 strip width
33、 = 25.4 mm (1.00 in.)grip separation = 50.8 mm (2.00 in.) + seamstrain rate = 508 mm/min (20 in./min)maximum test strain = 200 %for shear tests on reinforced sheet welds, use stripwidth = 101.6 mm (4.00 in.)Factory seam integrity D 4545D6434043ASTM International takes no position respecting the vali
34、dity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subj
35、ect to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquar
36、ters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standar
37、d is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D6434044
