1、Designation: D 6449 99 (Reapproved 2008)Standard Test Method forFlow of Fine Aggregate Concrete for Fabric FormedConcrete (Flow Cone Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6449; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the
2、case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure, used both in thelaboratory and in the field, for d
3、etermining the time of efflux ofa specified volume of the fine aggregate concrete through astandardized flow cone and used for fabric formed concrete(FFC); however, the test method may also be used for otherfluid concrete.1.2 It is for use with fine aggregate concrete containing fineaggregate as def
4、ine in Specification C 33.1.3 This test method is intended for use with fine aggregateconcrete having an efflux time 9 to 15 s.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use.
5、 It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC 39/C 39M Test Method for Compressi
6、ve Strength of Cy-lindrical Concrete SpecimensC 94/C 94M Specification for Ready-Mixed ConcreteC 109/C 109M Test Method for Compressive Strength ofHydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm CubeSpecimens)C 1064/C 1064M Test Method for Temperature of FreshlyMixed Hydraulic-Cement Concrete3. Summa
7、ry of Test Method3.1 The time of efflux of a specified volume of fineaggregate concrete from a standardized flow cone is measured.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is applicable to the determination ofthe fluidity of various fluid fine aggregate concrete mixtures.5. Interferences5.1 The pr
8、esence of solid particles retained on the 9.53 mm(38 in.) sieve or lumps of unmixed material in the fineaggregate may cause the fine aggregate concrete to flowunevenly through the discharge tube of the flow cone or stopthe flow completely. Uneven flow will result in slower transitof the fine aggrega
9、te concrete, thereby indicating a falseconsistency.6. Apparatus6.1 Flow Cone, the dimensions as shown in Fig. 1. The bodyand discharge tube can be stainless steel, cast aluminum, orother essentially noncorroding metal.6.2 Receiving Container, capacity 2000 mL (2.114 qt),minimum.6.3 Ring Stand or oth
10、er devise, capable of supporting theflow cone in a vertical, steady position over the receivedcontainer.6.4 Level, carpenters or similar.6.5 Stop Watch, least reading of not more than 0.2 s.6.6 Thermometer, having a range from 18 to 49C (0 to120F) and conforming to the requirements for ASTM ther-mom
11、eter No. 36 degrees C. Other thermometers of the requiredaccuracy, including the metal immersion type, are acceptable.7. Test Sample7.1 The fine aggregate concrete test sample shall be inexcess of 1725 mL (1.823 qt) and shall be representative of thefine aggregate concrete in the mixer.7.2 When samp
12、ling and testing is being done for thepurpose of proportioning or comparing mixes or for qualifyingmaterials, the temperature of the fine aggregate concrete shallbe in accordance with Specification C 94, unless otherwisespecified.8. Calibration of Apparatus8.1 Mount the flow cone firmly in such a ma
13、nner that it isfree of vibration. Level the top to assure verticality. Close theoutlet of the discharge tube with a finger or a stopper. Introduce1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.25 on Erosion andSed
14、iment Control Technology.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2008. Published February 2008. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 6449 99.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annua
15、l Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.1725 6 5 mL (1.823 qt 6 0.169 fluid oz) of water into thecone. Adjust the poi
16、nt gage to indicate the level of watersurface. Then allow the water to drain.8.2 Before first use of the flow cone with fine aggregateconcrete and periodically thereafter, check the accuracy of thecone by filling it with water as described in 8.1.After checkingor adjusting the point gage, start the
17、stop watch and simulta-neously remove the finger. Stop the watch at the first break inthe continuous flow of water. The time indicated by the stopwatch is the time of efflux of water. If this time is 4.2 6 0.2 s,the cone may be used for determining the time of efflux of fineaggregate concrete.9. Pro
18、cedure9.1 Moisten the inside of the flow cone by filling the conewith water and, 1 min before introducing the fine aggregateconcrete sample, allow the water to drain from the cone. Closethe outlet of the discharge tube with a finger or a stopper.NOTE 1Other means of indicating fine aggregate concret
19、e level may be used as long as accurate indication of fine aggregate concrete level on volumeis obtained.FIG. 1 Cross Section of Flow ConeD 6449 99 (2008)2Introduce the fine aggregate concrete into the cone until thefine aggregate concrete surface rises to contact the point gage,start the stop watch
20、, and simultaneously remove the finger orstopper. Stop the watch at the first break in the continuous flowof fine aggregate concrete from the discharge tube, then lookinto the top of the cone; if the fine aggregate concrete haspassed sufficiently, such that light is visible through thedischarge tube
21、, the time indicated by the stop watch is the timeof efflux of the fine aggregate concrete. If light is not visiblethrough the discharge tube, then the use of the flow cone is notapplicable for fine aggregate concrete of this consistency. Atleast two test having times of efflux within 1.8 s of their
22、average shall be made for each fine aggregate concretemixture.9.2 The test for time of efflux shall be made within 1 min ofdrawing of the fine aggregate concrete from the mixer.10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Identification of sample,10.1.2 Identification of materials in the s
23、ample, the propor-tions, and whether laboratory-prepared or taken from the fieldproduction mix.10.1.3 Average time of efflux to nearest 0.2 s and timeinterval from completion of mixing at which the test was made,and10.1.4 Temperature, ambient and the sample at the time oftest.11. Precision and Bias1
24、1.1 PrecisionThe following within-laboratory, multiple-operator precision applies. The single laboratory standarddeviation has been found to be 0.88 s. Therefore, results fromtwo properly conducted tests on the same material should notdiffer by more than 2.49 s.11.2 BiasNo statement on bias can be p
25、repared becausethere are no standard reference materials.12. Keywords12.1 fabric formed concrete; fine aggregate concrete; flowcone; time of effluxASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users o
26、f this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every fiv
27、e years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical c
28、ommittee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 6449 99 (2008)3
