1、Designation: D6449 99 (Reapproved 2015)1Standard Test Method forFlow of Fine Aggregate Concrete for Fabric FormedConcrete (Flow Cone Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6449; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the c
2、ase of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEEditorially updated units of measurement statement in April 2018.1. Scope1.1 This test method co
3、vers a procedure, used both in thelaboratory and in the field, for determining the time of efflux ofa specified volume of the fine aggregate concrete through astandardized flow cone and used for fabric formed concrete(FFC); however, the test method may also be used for otherfluid concrete.1.2 It is
4、for use with fine aggregate concrete containing fineaggregate as define in Specification C33.1.3 This test method is intended for use with fine aggregateconcrete having an efflux time 9 to 15 s.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses after
5、 SI units areprovided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practi
6、ces and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and
7、Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin-drical Concrete SpecimensC94/C94M Specification for Ready-Mixe
8、d ConcreteC109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength ofHydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm CubeSpecimens)C1064/C1064M Test Method for Temperature of FreshlyMixed Hydraulic-Cement Concrete3. Summary of Test Method3.1 The time of efflux of a specified volume of fineaggregate concrete f
9、rom a standardized flow cone is measured.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is applicable to the determination ofthe fluidity of various fluid fine aggregate concrete mixtures.5. Interferences5.1 The presence of solid particles retained on the 9.53 mm(38 in.) sieve or lumps of unmixed mater
10、ial in the fineaggregate may cause the fine aggregate concrete to flowunevenly through the discharge tube of the flow cone or stopthe flow completely. Uneven flow will result in slower transitof the fine aggregate concrete, thereby indicating a falseconsistency.6. Apparatus6.1 Flow Cone, the dimensi
11、ons as shown in Fig. 1. The bodyand discharge tube can be stainless steel, cast aluminum, orother essentially noncorroding metal.6.2 Receiving Container, capacity 2000 mL (2.114 qt),minimum.6.3 Ring Stand or other devise, capable of supporting theflow cone in a vertical, steady position over the rec
12、eivedcontainer.6.4 Level, carpenters or similar.6.5 Stop Watch, least reading of not more than 0.2 s.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.25 on Erosion andSediment Control Technology.Current edition appr
13、oved Feb. 15, 2015. Published February 2015. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D6449 99(2008).DOI: 10.1520/D6449-99R15E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of A
14、STMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized pr
15、inciples on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.16.6 Thermometer, having a range from 18 to 49C (0 to120F) and conforming
16、 to the requirements for ASTM ther-mometer No. 36 degrees C. Other thermometers of the requiredaccuracy, including the metal immersion type, are acceptable.7. Test Sample7.1 The fine aggregate concrete test sample shall be inexcess of 1725 mL (1.823 qt) and shall be representative of thefine aggrega
17、te concrete in the mixer.7.2 When sampling and testing is being done for thepurpose of proportioning or comparing mixes or for qualifyingmaterials, the temperature of the fine aggregate concrete shallbe in accordance with Specification C94/C94M, unless other-wise specified.8. Calibration of Apparatu
18、s8.1 Mount the flow cone firmly in such a manner that it isfree of vibration. Level the top to assure verticality. Close theNOTE 1Other means of indicating fine aggregate concrete level may be used as long as accurate indication of fine aggregate concrete level on volumeis obtained.FIG. 1 Cross Sect
19、ion of Flow ConeD6449 99 (2015)12outlet of the discharge tube with a finger or a stopper. Introduce1725 6 5 mL (1.823 qt 6 0.169 fluid oz) of water into thecone. Adjust the point gage to indicate the level of watersurface. Then allow the water to drain.8.2 Before first use of the flow cone with fine
20、 aggregateconcrete and periodically thereafter, check the accuracy of thecone by filling it with water as described in 8.1.After checkingor adjusting the point gage, start the stop watch and simulta-neously remove the finger. Stop the watch at the first break inthe continuous flow of water. The time
21、 indicated by the stopwatch is the time of efflux of water. If this time is 4.2 6 0.2 s,the cone may be used for determining the time of efflux of fineaggregate concrete.9. Procedure9.1 Moisten the inside of the flow cone by filling the conewith water and, 1 min before introducing the fine aggregate
22、concrete sample, allow the water to drain from the cone. Closethe outlet of the discharge tube with a finger or a stopper.Introduce the fine aggregate concrete into the cone until thefine aggregate concrete surface rises to contact the point gage,start the stop watch, and simultaneously remove the f
23、inger orstopper. Stop the watch at the first break in the continuous flowof fine aggregate concrete from the discharge tube, then lookinto the top of the cone; if the fine aggregate concrete haspassed sufficiently, such that light is visible through thedischarge tube, the time indicated by the stop
24、watch is the timeof efflux of the fine aggregate concrete. If light is not visiblethrough the discharge tube, then the use of the flow cone is notapplicable for fine aggregate concrete of this consistency. Atleast two test having times of efflux within 1.8 s of theiraverage shall be made for each fi
25、ne aggregate concretemixture.9.2 The test for time of efflux shall be made within 1 min ofdrawing of the fine aggregate concrete from the mixer.10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Identification of sample,10.1.2 Identification of materials in the sample, theproportions, and whethe
26、r laboratory-prepared or taken from thefield production mix.10.1.3 Average time of efflux to nearest 0.2 s and timeinterval from completion of mixing at which the test was made,and10.1.4 Temperature, ambient and the sample at the time oftest.11. Precision and Bias11.1 PrecisionThe following within-l
27、aboratory, multiple-operator precision applies. The single laboratory standarddeviation has been found to be 0.88 s. Therefore, results fromtwo properly conducted tests on the same material should notdiffer by more than 2.49 s.11.2 BiasNo statement on bias can be prepared becausethere are no standar
28、d reference materials.12. Keywords12.1 fabric formed concrete; fine aggregate concrete; flowcone; time of effluxASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advis
29、ed that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either r
30、eapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If
31、you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individu
32、al reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 99 (2015)13
