1、Designation: D 6495 09Standard Guide forAcceptance Testing Requirements for Geosynthetic ClayLiners1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6495; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisi
2、on. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers guidelines for the acceptance testingrequirements for geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) materials,describing types
3、of tests, test methods, and recommendedverifications.1.2 This guide is intended to aid purchasers, installers,contractors, owners, operators, designers and agencies inestablishing a minimum level of effort for product acceptancetesting and verification. This is intended to assure that thesupplied GC
4、L rolls meet accepted material specifications.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.4 This guide offers an organized collection of informationor a series of options and does not recommend a specificcourse of action. This guide cannot replace education orexperience and
5、 should be used in conjunction with professionaljudgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in allcircumstances. This guide is not intended to represent orreplace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a givenprofessional service must be judged, nor should this guide beapplied w
6、ithout consideration of a projects many uniqueaspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this guide meansonly that the guide has been approved through the ASTMconsensus process.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is therespon
7、sibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-tive Density) of Plastics by Displa
8、cementD 882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin PlasticSheetingD 1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient TechniqueD 5199 Test Method for Measuring the Nominal Thicknessof GeosyntheticsD 5887 Test Method for Measurement of Index FluxThrough Saturated Geosynthetic Clay
9、Liner SpecimensUsing a Flexible Wall PermeameterD 5888 Guide for Storage and Handling of GeosyntheticClay LinersD 5889 Practice for Quality Control of Geosynthetic ClayLinersD 5890 Test Method for Swell Index of Clay MineralComponent of Geosynthetic Clay LinersD 5891 Test Method for Fluid Loss of Cl
10、ay Component ofGeosynthetic Clay LinersD 5993 Test Method for Measuring Mass Per Unit ofGeosynthetic Clay LinersD 5994 Test Method for Measuring Core Thickness ofTextured GeomembraneD 6072 Practice for Obtaining Samples of GeosyntheticClay LinersD 6243 Test Method for Determining the Internal andInt
11、erface Shear Resistance of Geosynthetic Clay Liner bythe Direct Shear MethodD 6496 Test Method for DeterminingAverage Bonding PeelStrength Between Top and Bottom Layers of Needle-Punched Geosynthetic Clay LinersD 6693 Test Method for Determining Tensile Properties ofNonreinforced Polyethylene and No
12、nreinforced FlexiblePolypropylene GeomembranesD 6768 Test Method for Tensile Strength of GeosyntheticClay Liners2.2 United States EPA Document:EPA/600/R-93/182 Technical Guidance Document QualityAssurance and Quality Control for Waste ContainmentFacilities31This guide is under the jurisdiction ofAST
13、M Committee D35 on Geosyntheticsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosynthetic ClayLiners.Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published August 2009. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 649502.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the AS
14、TM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Superintendent of Documents, US Government Printing Office,Washington, DC 20402.1Copyrigh
15、t ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2.3 ISO Standard:ISO 10318 Geosynthetics Terms and definitions43. Terminology3.1 Geosynthetic Definitions:3.1.1 adhered geosynthetic clay liner (GCL), nGCL prod-uct in which the clay component i
16、s bonded to a film ormembrane by adhesion.3.1.2 coated GCL, nGCL product with at least one layerof a synthetic substance applied to the GCL as a fluid andallowed to solidify.3.1.3 geomembrane, nan essentially impermeable geo-synthetic composed of one or more synthetic sheets.3.1.4 geosynthetic clay
17、liner, GCL , nfactory manufac-tured geosynthetic hydraulic barrier consisting of clay sup-ported by geotextiles or geomembranes or both that are heldtogether by needling, stitching, or a chemical adhesives claygeosynthetic barrier. (1) The ISO 10318 definition of a claygeosynthetic barrier (GBR-C);
18、according to ASTM Interna-tional, a GCL is a factory assembled structure of geosyntheticmaterials in the form of a sheet that acts as a barrier. The barrierfunction is essentially fulfilled by clay. It is used in contactwith soil or other materials or both in geotechnical and civilengineering applic
19、ations.3.1.5 geotextile, na permeable geosynthetic comprisedsolely of textiles3.1.6 laminated GCL, nGCL product with at least onefilm or membrane layer superimposed and bonded to the GCLby an adhesive usually under heat and pressure.3.1.7 multicomponent GCL, nGCL with an attached film,coating, or me
20、mbrane decreasing the hydraulic conductivity orprotecting the clay core or both.3.1.8 needle-punched GCL, nreinforced GCL manufac-tured using needles that punch fibers from a nonwoven throughthe cover and carrier geotextile as well as the clay core to bondthe components together to increase internal
21、 shear strength.3.1.9 reinforced GCL, nGCL that has a discrete compo-nent to increase internal shear strength.3.1.10 stitch-bonded GCL, nreinforced GCL manufac-tured by stitching in which yarns or threads are passed throughthe cover geosynthetic, the clay core, and the carrier geosyn-thetic creating
22、 a directional orientation; therefore, the directionof allowable shear transfer is predetermined.3.1.11 unreinforced GCL, nGCL that does not have adiscrete component to increase internal shear strength.3.2 Organizational Definitions:3.2.1 agency, nin geosynthetics the organization whoreviews the per
23、mit application for compliance with the agen-cys regulation and all quality assurance documentation beforeand after construction.3.2.2 contractor, nin geosynthetics the party or organiza-tion who has the responsibility for the construction of theman-made project, structure or system.3.2.3 designer,
24、nin geosynthetics the person or organiza-tion who designs a man-made project, structure or system thatfulfills the owners/operators requirements and meets orexceeds the minimum requirements of the agency.3.2.4 installer, nin geosynthetics the party who installs,or facilitates installation of, any ma
25、terials purchased frommanufacturers or suppliers.3.2.5 manufacturer, nin geosynthetics the group, corpo-ration, partnership, or individual that manufactures a product.3.2.6 operator, nin geosynthetics the person or organiza-tion who operates the man-made project, structure or system.3.2.7 owner, nin
26、 geosynthetics the person or organizationwho owns the man-made project, structure or system.3.2.8 purchaser, nin geosynthetics the person, company,or organization that purchases any materials or work to beperformed.3.3 Quality Definitions:3.3.1 acceptance testing, ntesting performed on a productto d
27、etermine whether or not an individual lot of the productconforms with specified requirements.3.3.2 machine direction (MD), nthe direction in the planeof the fabric parallel to the direction of manufacture.3.3.3 manufacturing quality control (MQC), na plannedsystem of activities by the manufacturer w
28、hose purpose is toprovide a level of quality that meets the needs of productrequirements; also, the use of such a system.3.3.4 quality assurance (QA), nall those planned or sys-tematic actions necessary to provide adequate confidence thata material, product, system, or service will satisfy given nee
29、ds.4. Specifications and Use4.1 This guide suggests the types of tests, the methods of thetesting, and verification requirements for acceptance testing ofGCL materials.4.2 It should be recognized that parties, organizations orrepresentatives may perform additional tests and/or at otherfrequencies th
30、an required in this standard guide. In this case,the project-specific acceptance plan will then take precedenceover this standard guide.5. Procedure5.1 The clay components, geosynthetic components andfinished GCLs are typically tested during MQC (PracticeD 5889) and are typically documented by means
31、 of a letter ofcertification and/or summarized MQC test data. These compo-nents should be verified to be in conformance with the acceptedmaterial specifications. This can be done by reviewing theletter of certification, or MQC test data, or both, or byadditional quality assurance testing, or both, a
32、nd acceptancetesting.Acceptance testing can be done prior to GCL shipment,directly after arrival of the GCL on site, and/or prior to GCLinstallation. Irregularities should be noted and reported.5.2 Supplied GCL rolls should be observed on site in orderto identify any damage to the rolls or the wrapp
33、ing. In case ofany damage Guide D 5888 should be followed. Any damageshould be noted and reported.5.3 Before storing or unrolling GCL rolls, or both, theindividual roll identification should be verified and should becompared with the packing list. Irregularities should be notedand reported.4Availabl
34、e from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. dela Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.ch.D64950925.4 If sampling of GCL material is necessary, for example,for testing purposes, Guide D 6072 should be followed.5.5 The recommended accepta
35、nce tests and test methods forGCL materials are given in Table 1. The tests are performed onthe finished GCL and should be compared with the acceptedmaterial specifications. Irregularities should be noted andreported.5.6 GCL rolls not in compliance with the accepted materialspecifications may be rej
36、ected.6. Report6.1 All activities on product acceptance should be recordedon a suitable data sheet. Recorded activities may take the formof notes, charts sketches, photographs, or a combination ofthese.6.1.1 Report the following information:6.1.1.1 Manufacturers letter of certification and/or MQCdat
37、a,TABLE 1 Types of Acceptance Tests and Methods for GCL MaterialsANOTE 1MD = machine direction.MARV = minimum average roll value.reinforced unreinforcedSingle component Multi-component Single component Multi-componentwithcoatingwith film ormembranewithcoatingwith film ormembraneTestDesignationTest M
38、ethod Frequency of TestingAReportValueBentonite ClayAClay mass per unit area (dried) D 5993 project specific project specific,typically MARVSwell index D 5891 project specific project specific,typically minimum valueFluid loss D 5890 project specific project specific,typically minimum valueGeomembra
39、ne,membrane, film backingDensity ofgeomembrane,membrane,film backingBD 792 (other resins)or D 1505 (PE)n/a n/a projectspecificn/a n/a projectspecificproject specific,typically MARVThickness of geomembraneBD 5199 (smooth),D 5994 (textured)n/a n/a projectspecificn/a n/a projectspecificproject specific
40、,typically MARVTensile strengthat breakand yield(MD and CD)C,B,DD 882 (film or membrane),D 6693 (geomembranen/a n/a projectspecificn/a n/a projectspecificproject specific,typically MARVfinished GCL:Total mass per unit area D 5993 project specific Project specific,typically MARVTensile Strength D 676
41、8 project specific Project specific,typically MARVBonding peel strengthED 6496 project specific n/a n/a n/a Project specific,typically MARVGCL indexfluxFresp.base bentonitefor GCLs withadditional membranebackingBD 5887 project specific project specific,typically minimum valueAFrequencies may change
42、on the size or sensitivity of the project. On small projects tests may be replaced by a letter of certification. Example for project (size 50 000m2(500 000 ft2) specific acceptance testing:Clay mass per unit area (dried) every 10 000 m2(100 000 ft2)Free swell every 10 000 m2(100 000 ft2)Fluid loss e
43、very 10 000 m2(100 000 ft2)Tensile Properties every 25 000 m2(250 000 ft2)Tensile strength of geomembrane support/backing every 25 000 m2(250 000 ft2)Thickness of geomembrane support/backing every 10 000 m2(100 000 ft2)Density of geomembrane support/backing every 10 000 m2(100 000 ft2)Bonding peel s
44、trength every 10 000 m2(100 000 ft2)Index flux every 25 000 m2(250 000 ft2)BRecommended MQC testing for backing if considered as a geomembrane carrier component only. If backing is considered as additional barrier, e.g. improves the fluxvalue of the clay component (bentonite) additional test may be
45、applicable.CThe correct test method should be agreed on between the responsible parties prior to testing.DApplicable only for geomembrane-supported and geomembrane-backed GCLs.EInternal shear testing (D6243) may be applicable to quality control the bonding strength of non needle-punched reinforced a
46、nd/or stitch-bonded GCLs.FThis test may not be applicable for geomembrane-supported-backed GCLs.D64950936.1.1.2 Description or title of product acceptance activity, orboth,6.1.1.3 Location, date and time of acceptance activity,6.1.1.4 Procedure used for acceptance activity,6.1.1.5 GCL roll and lot n
47、umbers, brand name and otherGCL specific information,6.1.1.6 Results of acceptance activity,6.1.1.7 Company of involved personnel,6.1.1.8 Signature and printed name of acceptance inspector,6.1.1.9 Summarized test results of acceptance activities,6.1.1.10 Irregularities discovered during acceptance a
48、ctivi-ties, and6.1.1.11 Roll number of rejected GCL rolls.7. Keywords7.1 acceptance; geosynthetics; geosynthetic clay liner; test-ing; verificationASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users o
49、f this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideratio
