1、Designation: D6540 17Standard Test Method forAccelerated Soiling of Pile Yarn Floor Covering1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6540; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A nu
2、mber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method describes the equipment, and the testmethod for assessing the propensity of pile yarn floor coveringsto soiling in the a
3、bsence of abrasive wear and texture changes,using a standard synthetic soil composition.1.2 This test method is applicable for use in testing unusedpile yarn floor covering of all types. It is not applicable for usein testing used pile yarn floor covering.1.3 This test method can be used to compare
4、the soilingpropensity of two or more carpets; or it can be used to soilcarpets as a preliminary step to other test procedures.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for informa
5、tion onlyand are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory
6、 limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organiz
7、ation TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD5684 Terminology Relating to Pile Floor Coverings2.2 ASTM Adjunct:TEX-PAC32.3 AATCC Test Method:Evaluation Procedure 1
8、 Gray Scale for Color Change43. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms relating to Pile Floor Coverings,D13.21, refer to Terminology D5684.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:carpet, finished, finished pile yarn floor covering, floorcovering, pile, pile lay, pile yarn floor cove
9、ring, soiling, textilefloor covering, tufted fabric, use-surface.3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer toTerminology D123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The carpet test specimens are secured to a backing sheetthat is mounted inside the drum with the pile surface exposed,and are subj
10、ected to an accelerated soiling process. The degreeof soiling is measured or assessed by comparing the change incolor between soiled and original pile yarn floor covering,using a measurement device or visually matching the differ-ences on the light-dark axis of Gray Scales.NOTE 1Differentiation betw
11、een test samples is significantly reducedwhen Gray Scales are used.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method may be used to soil test specimens inthe absence of abrasive wear and texture changes undercontrolled conditions using a standard synthetic soil, or as apreliminary step to other procedures
12、.5.2 This test method will provide a uniformly soiled testspecimen to evaluate, is reproducible (see section 11), and iseconomical for Testing Laboratories.5.3 This test method has been found to give results similarto the actual floor service soiling, but its use is recommendedonly as a screening te
13、st method and not as a replacement forfloor testing.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.21 on Pile Floor Coverings.Current edition approved July 15, 2017. Published August 2017. Originallyapproved in 2000. L
14、ast previous edition approved in 2012 as D654012. DOI:10.1520/D6540-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe AST
15、M website.3The PC program on floppy disks for analyzing Committee D13 interlaboratorydata are available from ASTM. Request ADJ:D2904.4Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, POBox 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dri
16、ve, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations is
17、sued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.15.4 The acceptance criteria of this test method shall be setby mutual agreement between the purchaser and supplier.6. Apparatus and Materials6.1 Hexapod Tumble Tester6.1.1 DrumConstructed of molded PVC and is capped by
18、a lid that is secured. The drum base and lid have a locatinggroove to hold the specimen backing sheet flat to the inner wallof the drum. The drum dimensions are:Internal Diameter 12.00 0.04 in. (3051mm)Wall Thickness 0.03 in. approx. (8 mm approx.)Internal Depth 7.90 0.04 in. (2001mm)6.1.2 Driving S
19、ystemCradles the drum on rollers andkeeps the axis of the drum level, rotates at 0.60 6 0.03 r/s (356 2 rpm). The driving system reverses every 15 min withapproximately one minute stationary time.6.2 Specimen Backing Sheetis a polyethylene sheet 37.40 8.50 0.08 in. (950 215 2 mm).6.3 Tapedouble side
20、d pressure sensitive adhesive, 2.0 in.(50 mm) width.6.4 Cleaning FrameA rectangular frame 39.4 11.8 in.(1000 300 mm) with a central rectangular aperture 37.0 7.9in. (940 200 mm) to receive the test specimen, of materialsimilar in construction to the test specimen and mounted on abacking sheet.6.5 Va
21、cuum Cleanerupright type, with a rotating brushand beater bar, unless this type of apparatus is not recom-mended by the manufacturer of the pile floor covering undertest, in that case the appropriate recommended device shouldbe used.6.6 Mixing Containera wide mouth container such as aStandard Mill j
22、ar.6.7 Polymer Pelletspolyamide polymer pellets having amaximum size of 0.27 6 0.08 in. (7 6 2 mm)6.8 Chrome Alloy Steel Balls (Ball Bearings)with a 0.376 0.01 in. (9.50 6 0.02 mm) diameter.6.9 Standard Soiling CompoundA soiling compound,such as AATCC synthetic soil formula, which is compatiblewith
23、the equipment.6.10 Control Pile Yarn Floor Coveringan internal stan-dard light colored carpet of known specifications used as areference for each test evaluation.6.11 Color Measurement EquipmentAcolor measurementdevice with a 2.0 6 0.2 in. (50 6 0.5 mm) aperture, capable ofmeasuring the color of pil
24、e yarn floor covering and expressingthe results in Delta E (dE) or Delta L (dL).6.12 Gray Scalesstandard gray scales used to visiblyassess change in color of pile yarn floor covering as perAATCC Procedure 1.6.13 Templateto be the same size as the test specimenwith 3 holes of the same dimensions as t
25、he measuring head ofthe color measuring device. See Fig. 1.6.14 Magnetcapable of attracting and holding severalchrome alloy steel balls at one time.7. Sampling, and Preparation of Soiled Pellets, Sampling,and Test Specimens7.1 Preparation of Soiled Polyamide Polymer Pellets7.1.1 Place 0.1058 6 0.001
26、7 oz (3.00 6 0.05 g) of thestandard soiling compound (see 6.9) and 2.205 6 0.002 lb(1000 6 1 g) of polyamide polymer pellets (see 6.7)inthemixing container. Secure the lid and place the mixing containeron the driving system for 10 minutes, reverse direction andcontinue for an additional 10 min, for
27、a total of 20 min toensure a homogeneous mixture of the soil and polyamidepolymer pellets.NOTE 2To simulate particular use areas, it may be necessary to adjustthe type or quantity, or both, of soiling compound and document thechange in the written report.NOTE 3If large quantities of soiled pellets a
28、re prepared, that is morethan 4.409 lb (2000 g), they shall be kept in an airtight container to ensureno loss of moisture from the mixture occurs, and the supply shall not beallowed to dwindle below 25 % of the original quantity.NOTE 4This Test Method was developed using AATCC syntheticsoiling compo
29、und and if another soiling compound is used the amount ofsoil used to prepare the soiled polymer pellets must be adjusted.7.2 Ensure the inside of the drum and chrome alloy steelballs are clean.7.3 Size of Test Specimens7.3.1 Cut a minimum of two test specimens per pile yarnfloor covering, measuring
30、 a minimum of 5.00 6 0.04 in. (1256 1 mm) in the direction of manufacture by 8.00 6 0.08 in.(205 6 2 mm) wide. Mark an arrow in the direction of the pilelay on the back of the test specimen.All test specimens shall beconditioned (clause 8.1), flat singly, and with use-surfaceuppermost, for a minimum
31、 of 24 h.7.4 Specimen Attachment7.4.1 To the specimen backing sheet (see 6.2) attach doublesided pressure sensitive adhesive tape (see 6.3) at each edge,FIG. 1 Example of a Suitable Template for Color MeasurementD6540 172across the ends and at each junction of the test specimen.Mount the test specim
32、ens and internal standard carpet with theuse surface uppermost, allowing a 0.20 6 0.04 in. (5 6 1 mm)gap at each end and 0.31 6 0.04 in. (8 6 1 mm) between testspecimens to allow for the test specimen to remain attachedwhen the specimen backing sheet is curved to fit the internalcircumference of the
33、 drum. Check to ensure that each testspecimen is in the direction of manufacture, and in the case ofcut pile, that the pile lay is in the same direction. All testspecimens shall fit flat to the specimen backing sheet when itis curved to the inside drum diameter. If the test specimens arenot secured
34、properly adjust the test specimens accordingly.When test specimens of differing thickness are tested together,the difference in thickness of the adjacent test specimens shallnot exceed 0.04 in. (1 mm).7.4.2 Remove loose fiber from the test specimens with avacuum cleaner (see 6.5), using a total of f
35、our strokes, twoagainst and two with the direction of the pile at an approximatespeed of 12 in./s (300 mm/s)8. Conditioning8.1 Condition the specimen in the standard atmosphere fortesting textiles in accordance with Practice D1776.9. Procedure9.1 If using color measurement equipment for assessment,l
36、ocate the measuring template (see section 6.13) on the testspecimen and, using the color measuring device (see section6.11) measure the color of the test specimen in three (3) places.Record these values.9.2 Fit the mounted test specimens into the clean drum,ensuring that the backing sheet fits tight
37、ly and lies smoothlyaround the internal circumference.9.3 Place 2.205 6 0.004 lb (1000 6 2 g) of clean chromealloy steel balls (see 6.8), and 8.818 6 0.007 oz (250.0 6 0.2g) of soiled polyamide polymer pellets (see 7.1.1) into thedrum (see 6.1.1) and secure the lid.9.4 Place the drum on the driving
38、system (see section 6.1.2),start the machine and allow the drum to rotate for 30 min.When the test is completed remove the drum from the cradleand set it upright.9.5 Remove the backing sheet with the test specimens andcarefully clean the test specimens by suction using the vacuumcleaner to remove th
39、e loose surface soil and fiber at a speed ofapproximately 3 s per stroke, using a total of four strokes (twoagainst the direction of the pile lay and two with). For a lowlevel loop pile sample select a low vacuum cleaner heightsetting, for cut pile samples use a medium to high settingaccording to pi
40、le height. To ensure consistent vacuum cleanerheight as intended, arrange two extra strips of carpet identicalto the test specimen side by side to the sample as tractionunderlay. Allow the vacuum cleaner wheels to run over thesestrips with the sample in between when cleaning. Alternately,use a self-
41、made template made of any suitable material to serveas traction underlay. In the case of cut pile carpets, ensure thatthe last stroke of the vacuum is against the lay of the pile.9.6 Using the magnet (see section 6.14) remove the chromealloy steel balls from the drum.9.7 With a vacuum cleaner, remov
42、e the used soil polyamidepolymer pellets from the inside of the drum. Clean the inside ofthe drum with a damp cloth.9.8 Repeat steps 9.1 9.7 for the second test specimen.10. Assessment10.1 To achieve optimum and replicable results conditionthe test specimens in the standard atmosphere for testingtex
43、tiles as directed in Practice D1776.10.2 Using the measuring template and the color measuringequipment measure the color of the soiled test specimens in thesame three (3) places on each test specimen. Calculate themean color differences (dE) or mean light difference (dL)between the original and soil
44、ed test specimens according to thefollowing formulae:dE 5 =Lo2 Ls!21ao2 as!21bo2 bs!2(1)or dL = LoLswhere Lo,ao, and boare the mean co-ordinates of the originaltest specimen,and Ls,as, and bsare the mean color co-ordinates of thesoiled test specimen.10.3 To assess the level of soiling other than by
45、the colormeasuring equipment (see 6.11) the Gray Scales (see 6.12)shall be used. Three operators shall visually assess the colordifference between the soiled test specimen and the originaltest specimens in accordance with AATCC Procedure 1.11. Precision and Bias11.1 Precision11.1.1 An inter-laborato
46、ry study of this Test Method wasconducted using two Laboratories and five test items of variouspile yarns. Each laboratory had two operators, each operatortested all test specimens provided on two separate days.11.1.2 The results of the inter-laboratory study are shown inTable 1. The statistics were
47、 prepared using the TEX-PACpackage.TABLE 1 Components of Variance for Jumbo Gray ScaleExpressed as Variances and Standard DeviationsAVariance Component AsVarianceAsVGray ScaleMaterial 0.0887 0.2978Laboratory 0 0Material-times-laboratoryinteraction 0.0038 0.0616Operators within laboratory 0.0007 0.02
48、65Materials-times-operatorinteraction within laboratories 0 0Specimens within materials,laboratories, and operators 0.0236 0.1536AThe square roots of the components of variance are being reported to express thevariability in the appropriate units of measure rather than as the squares of thoseunits o
49、f measure.D6540 17311.1.3 Interlaboratory Test DataAn interlaboratory studyconsisted of 5 test carpets of various pile fiber, and construc-tion. Two laboratories participated with two operators conduct-ing two tests, three readings per test specimen using theelectronic device as well as the Gray Scales. The interlabora-tory test was conducted on two separate days.11.1.4 Components of VarianceThe components of vari-ance shown as variances and the square root of the variances(to show appropriate units of measure) are listed in Tables
