1、Designation: D 6557 04An American National StandardStandard Test Method forEvaluation of Rust Preventive Characteristics of AutomotiveEngine Oils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6557; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in
2、 the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a Ball Rust Test (BRT) proce-dure for evaluating the anti-
3、rust ability of fluid lubricants. Theprocedure is particularly suitable for the evaluation of automo-tive engine oils under low-temperature, acidic service condi-tions.1.2 Information Letters are published occasionally by theASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC)2to update this testmethod. Copies of thes
4、e letters can be obtained by writing thecenter.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or in other units shallbe regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, use eachsystem independently of the other, without combining values inany way.1.
5、4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 7.1.1-7.1.3
6、and8.2.1.1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D 5844 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive EngineOils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID)4E 344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-etryD 6894 Test Method for Evaluation of Aeration Resistanceof Engine Oils in Direct-Injected
7、 Turbocharged Automo-tive Diesel Engine3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 calibrate, vto determine the indication or output ofa measuring device or a given engine with respect to astandard. D 68943.1.2 corrosion, nthe chemical or electrochemical reac-tion between a material, usually a metal surface
8、, and itsenvironment that can produce a deterioration of the materialand its properties. D 58443.1.3 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a referenceoil, such as a research formulation, commercial oil, or candi-date oil. D 58443.1.4 reference oil, nan oil of known performance char-acteristics, use
9、d as a basis for comparison. D 58443.1.4.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibratetesting facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, orto evaluate other materials (such as seals) that interact withoils.3.1.5 rust, nof ferrous alloys, a corrosion product consist-ing primarily of hyd
10、rated iron oxides. D 58443.1.6 test oil, nany oil subjected to evaluation in anestablished procedure.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 average gray value (AGV), nmeasurement ofbrightness units on test specimens, indicating the degree of rustprotection.3.2.2 specimen, na carbon
11、 steel ball,732 in. (AISI 1040).4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Multiple test tubes, each containing test oil and aspecimen, are placed in a test tube rack, which is attached to amechanical shaker. The shaker speed and temperature arecontrolled.4.2 Air and an acidic solution are continuously fed into e
12、achtest tube over an 18 h period to create a corrosive environment.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published Jun
13、e 2004. Originallyapproved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 655703.2Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Centerwill update changes in the test method by means of information letters. Informationletters may be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring
14、 Center, 6555 Penn Avenue,Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489. This test method is supplemented by InformationLetters and Memoranda issued by the ASTM TMC. This edition incorporatesrevisions in all Information Letters through No. 0302.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcon
15、tact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Withdrawn.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.3 The sp
16、ecimens are then removed, rinsed, and analyzedby an optical imaging system designed to quantify the antirustcapability of each test oil.5. Significance and Use5.1 This bench test method was designed as a replacementfor Test Method D 5844. Test Method D 5844 was designed tomeasure the ability of an e
17、ngine oil to protect valve traincomponents against rusting or corrosion under low tempera-ture, short-trip service, and was correlated with vehicles in thattype of service prior to 1978.55.1.1 Correlation between these two test methods has beendemonstrated for most, but not all, of the test oils eva
18、luated.6. Apparatus6.1 Specimen Preparation SystemObtain the specimensfrom the Central Parts Distributor (CPD).6,76.1.1 Specimen preparation equipment includes variouscommon laboratory apparatus and an ultrasonic cleaning bath.6.2 Air Supply SystemA compressed air supply is re-quired, with two air f
19、ilters, two pressure regulators, a gaspurifier, a gassing manifold (25 port outlet), TFE-fluorocarbontubing (25 600-ft lengths) or equivalent multiport flow controlsystem, and a gas mass flowmeter (see Annex A1 and Figs. 1and 2).6.3 Acid Solution Delivery SystemAn acid solution deliv-ery system that
20、 includes a multiple syringe pump with a tenposition rack is required. The flow rate range minimum is0.0001 L/h (using a 0.5-L syringe) to a maximum 220.82mL/min (using a 140-mL syringe) (see Figs. 3 and 4).6.4 Test Tube AssemblyThe test tube assembly consists of24 disposable plastic syringes and ot
21、her common laboratoryapparatus.6.5 Temperature and Shaking Speed Control SystemAmechanical shaker, Bench-Top Environ Shaker Model 4628,7,8provides an orbital shaking motion in a controlled speed andtemperature environment.6.5.1 A special test tube assembly rack7,9(see Figs. 5 and 6)has 24 tube posit
22、ions and is attached to the shaker platform (18in. by 18 in.).6.6 Gassing Manifold, required.5Special Technical Publication, “Multicylinder Test Sequences for EvaluatingAutomotive Engine Oils,” Part, Sequence IIID ASTM STP 315H, Available fromASTM Headquarters.6The sole source of supply of the appar
23、atus known to the committee at this timeis Central Parts Distributor, Test Engineering Inc., 12718 Cimmaron Path, SanAntonio, TX 78249.7If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meetingof the
24、responsible technical committee, which you may attend.8The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Labine, Inc., 15thand Bloomingdale, Melrose Park, IL 60160.9The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis West End Machine and We
25、ld, Inc., P.O. Box 9444, Richmond, VA 23228.FIG. 1 Photograph of Air Delivery SystemFIG. 2 Schematic of Air Delivery SystemFIG. 3 Photograph of Acid Delivery SystemFIG. 4 Schematic of Acid Delivery SystemD65570426.7 Venting SystemCommon laboratory apparatus is em-ployed for the required venting syst
26、em (see Fig. 7).6.8 Image Analysis SystemA specific imaging analysissystem7,10is required. This system is composed of:6.8.1 Optics and Illumination:6.8.1.1 Nikon Epiphot 200 inverted metallurgical micro-scope,6.8.1.2 BZ binocular head,6.8.1.3 RV 3 plate mechanical stage,6.8.1.4 CFWN 103 wide field e
27、yepiece, high point eye-piece,6.8.1.5 Manual BD 5 place nosepiece,6.8.1.6 Epiphot 300 EB block,6.8.1.7 DF module,6.8.1.8 CF BD plan 53/0.13 plan achromat objective,6.8.1.9 CF BD plan 103/0.13 plan achromat objective,6.8.1.10 EPI polarizer,6.8.1.11 Analyzer,6.8.1.12 Lamphouse for 12 V/100 W quartz ha
28、logen lightsource,6.8.1.13 Lamphouse adapter,6.8.1.14 12 V/100 W halogen bulbs,6.8.1.15 300/200 100 W power supply,6.8.1.16 Remote control cable,6.8.1.17 C-mount coupler for video camera,6.8.1.18 NCB 11 filter,6.8.1.19 Power cords, and6.8.1.20 Ultracentrifuge tube spacer with a 5-mm holedrilled in t
29、he center (used as a sample holder and samplerandomizer for sample orientation).6.8.2 Image Capture Hardware and Software:6.8.2.1 Research grade, high resolution, NTSC RGB/RS-170 camera system,6.8.2.2 Research grade, high resolution, NTSC RGB/RS-170 frame grabber,6.8.2.3 The host computer system (sh
30、all meet or exceed thefollowing specifications):(1) HardwarePentium 133 MHz CPU, 16 MB RAM, 540MB hard drive, 1.44 MB 3.5-in. floppy, 1.44 MB 5.25-in.floppy (optional), CD-ROM (highly recommended option),101 or Windows 95 keyboard, SVGA local bus video card with2 MB RAM (4 MB recommended), 2 button
31、serial mouse withpad, 2 parallel ports, and 2 serial ports.(2) SoftwareWindows 3.x/DOS 6.22 or Windows 95Operating System, Microsoft Excel 7.0 (Microsoft Office 97recommended).(3) MonitorMedical grade high-resolution 19-in. NTSCRGB color video monitor, all necessary cables, connectors, andadapters (
32、including a surge and spike suppressing power strip).6.8.3 BRT Image Analysis Software:6.8.3.1 BRT macro program, and6.8.3.2 Optimate image analysis engine.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Reagents:10The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Meyer Instruments, Inc.
33、, 1304 Langham Creek, Suite 235, Houston, TX 77084.FIG. 5 Test Tube Assembly RackFIG. 6 Photograph of Test Tube Assembly RackFIG. 7 Gassing Manifold for VentingD65570437.1.1 Acid Solution (WarningCorrosive. Combustible.Health hazard)Obtain the acid solution from the CPD.NOTE 1For information only. A
34、ppendix X1 contains details of theacid solution.7.1.2 Acetone, 99.5 %. (WarningFlammable. Health haz-ard.)7.1.3 n-Heptane, 38 to 42 % (purity), commercial grade,with C7isomers. (WarningFlammable. Health hazard.)7.2 Materials:7.2.1 TFE-fluorocarbon FEP Tubing,132-in. I.D. by116-in.outside diameter (O
35、.D.); 17 rolls of 1000 ft/roll. (Not requiredif the optional NRS flow controller7,11is used.)7.2.2 Vinyl Tubing,18 in.-inside diameter (I.D.) by14in.-O.D.; about 15 ft.7.2.3 Miscellaneous Common Laboratory Equipment, in-cluding glassware, tubing fittings, trays, vials, and plasticsyringes.8. Prepara
36、tion of Apparatus8.1 Specimens:8.1.1 Remove the appropriate number of specimens fromvacuum-sealed packages into a 4-oz bottle (clear, medium-round with cap). Add sufficient heptane (see 7.1.3), approxi-mately 2 oz, to cover specimens.8.1.2 Cap the bottle loosely and place it in an ultrasoniccleaning
37、 bath. Sonicate for 30 min, and then decant theheptane.8.1.3 Rinse two more times with heptane and follow with anacetone (see 7.1.2) rinse to ensure the specimens are free ofcontamination. Dry the specimens with nitrogen for 3 min.NOTE 2The specimens can be prepared up to one week in advanceand stor
38、ed in heptane until needed for testing.8.2 Test Tube Assembly, Tube Rack, and Shaker for EachTest Tube:8.2.1 Cut 24 separate pieces of TFE-fluorocarbon FEPtubing, each piece to be 9.5-in. (24-cm) long.8.2.1.1 Use compressed air (for technical use only), 50 psigminimum, to remove most of the water/oi
39、l emulsion that maybe trapped inside the short lengths of capillary tubing. Cleanthe tubing with heptane (see 7.1.3), followed by acetone (see7.1.2), and dry with compressed air.8.2.2 Check the flangeless fitting for116-in. O.D. TFE-fluorocarbon tubing for deterioration, and replace as necessary.8.2
40、.3 Remove and discard the plunger from a new 20-mLdisposable plastic syringe (Luer-Lok), and securely fasten thesyringe barrel to the short capillary tubing, using couplings,14-28 thread, and female Luer CTFE fittings,14-28 thread, andwith a 1.5-mm bore.8.2.3.1 Label the syringes (test tubes) from 1
41、 to 24.8.2.4 Place the assembled test tube in the tube rack with thecapillary tubing facing upward in the adjacent small hole.8.2.4.1 The test tube assembly rack is a specially designedaluminum fabrication. It holds 24 test tubes with easy snap-onlock, wing nuts, and hold-down bars (see Fig. 5).8.2.
42、5 Place one precleaned specimen into each test tube,using extra-long forceps (7 in. with serrated tips) to avoidcontamination.8.2.6 Insert 10 mL of test oil into each test tube, using a10-mL disposable syringe.8.2.7 Secure the test tubes to the tube holder with threehold-down bars and three wing nut
43、s.8.2.8 Fasten the test tube assembly rack to the shakerplatform with four custom-made wing bolts.8.3 Acid Delivery System:8.3.1 Withdraw 6 mL of acid solution by hand from awide-mouth beaker into an individual 5-mL disposable plasticsyringe (Luer-Lok).8.3.1.1 Attach the syringe to an acid inlet por
44、t of one of the24 three-way switching valves, with14-28 thread. (The othertwo ports are used for air inlet and mixed air/acid outlet.)8.3.2 Turn the three-way valve to two-way open and eject,by hand, about 0.5 mL of acid solution into a waste beaker,while ensuring that no air bubbles remain in the s
45、yringe.8.3.2.1 Place the syringe that now contains about 5.5 mL ofacid solution on the holder of the multiple syringes pump.8.3.3 Repeat the above procedure for the other 23 aciddelivery syringes.8.3.4 There are three multiple syringe pumps, and eight ofthe 5-mL syringes are attached to each of the
46、pumps.8.3.4.1 The pumps each have a ten-position rack and arerequired to satisfy a flow rate range of 0.0001 L/h, minimum,to 220.82 mL/min, maximum. Required accuracy is 61 %, andreproducibility is 6 0.1 %.8.3.5 Ensure that the syringe barrel flange and the plungerflange are firmly held by the retai
47、ning clamps (six 2-in.C-clamps that secure the ends of the hold-down bars of themultiple syringes pump).8.3.5.1 Good alignment of all 24 acid delivery syringesagainst the retaining brackets is crucial to ensure repeatability.(See Fig. 3 for a photograph of the acid delivery system, andFig. 4 for a s
48、chematic.)8.3.6 Cut 24 pieces of TFE-fluorocarbon tubing; each pieceto be 51 6 1 in. in length.8.3.6.1 Attach each of these tubes to the mixed air/acidoutlet ports of the three-way switching valves.8.4 Air Delivery System:8.4.1 Clean, dry air, compressed to at least 50 psig, isrequired.8.4.2 A singl
49、e stage, high-purity stainless steel pressureregulator is the first in the line; this is equipped witha0to160-psi maximum pressure gage.8.4.3 Two compressed air filters capable of removing par-ticles and mists are required, and are next in the line.8.4.3.1 The first filter in the line is an A912-DX type,followed by an A912-BX type. These have polycarbonatebowls and should be equipped with aluminum shields. Theyhave14-in. NPT (F) ports and will withstand 150-psig pressuremaximum.11Brooks Model 8744 NRS Flow Controller has been determined to beacce
