1、Designation: D6557 10aD6557 13Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Rust Preventive Characteristics of AutomotiveEngine Oils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6557; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、 the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This test method covers a Ball Rust Test (BRT) procedure for evaluating the anti-rust ability of f
3、luid lubricants. Theprocedure is particularly suitable for the evaluation of automotive engine oils under low-temperature, acidic service conditions.1.2 Information Letters are published occasionally by the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC)2 to update this test method.Copies of these letters can be
4、obtained by writing the center.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3.1 ExceptionsWhere there is no direct equivalent, such as the units for screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, andtubing size.1.4 T
5、his standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. See 7.1.1-7.1.3 and 8
6、.2.1.1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and LubricantsD5844 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID) (Withdrawn 2003)43. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 calibrate, vto determi
7、ne the indication or output of a device (e.g., thermometer, manometer, engine) with respect to astandard.3.1.2 corrosion, nthe chemical or electrochemical reaction between a material, usually a metal surface, and its environmentthat can produce a deterioration of the material and its properties. D41
8、753.1.3 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a reference oil, such as a research formulation, commercial oil, or candidate oil.D41753.1.4 reference oil, nan oil of known performance characteristics, used as a basis for comparison. D41753.1.4.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibrate testing
9、 facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, or to evaluate other materials (suchas seals) that interact with oils.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.B0.01on Passenger
10、Car Engine Oils.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010May 1, 2013. Published November 2010May 2013. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2010 asD6557D6557 10a.10. DOI: 10.1520/D6557-10A.10.1520/D6557-13.2 Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring
11、Center will update changes in the test method by means of information letters. Information lettersmay be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489. This test method is supplemented by Information Letters andMemoranda issued by the ASTM TMC. This editi
12、on incorporates revisions in all Information Letters through No. 0701.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM
13、 website.4 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically pos
14、sible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCo
15、pyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.5 rust (coatings), nof iron or its alloys, a corrosion product consisting of hydrated iron oxides, usually reddish in colorbut can also be brown-to-black.3.1.6 test oil, nany oil subje
16、cted to evaluation in an established procedure.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 average gray value (AGV),nmeasurement of brightness units on test specimens, indicating the degree of rust protection.3.2.2 specimen, na carbon steel ball, 5.6 mm (AISI 1040).4. Summary of Test Me
17、thod4.1 Multiple test tubes, each containing test oil and a specimen, are placed in a test tube rack, whichrack that is attached to amechanical shaker. The shaker speed and temperature are controlled.4.2 Air and an acidic solution are continuously fed into each test tube over an 18 h period to creat
18、e a corrosive environment.4.3 The specimens are then removed, rinsed, and analyzed by an optical imaging system designed to quantify the antirustcapability of each test oil.5. Significance and Use5.1 This bench test method was designed as a replacement for Test Method D5844. Test Method D5844 was de
19、signed tomeasure the ability of an engine oil to protect valve train components against rusting or corrosion under low temperature, short-tripservice, and was correlated with vehicles in that type of service prior to 1978.55.1.1 Correlation between these two test methods has been demonstrated for mo
20、st, but not all, of the test oils evaluated.6. Apparatus6.1 Specimen Preparation SystemObtain the specimens from the Central Parts Distributor (CPD).6,76.1.1 Specimen preparation equipment includes various common laboratory apparatus and an ultrasonic cleaning bath.6.2 Air Supply SystemA compressed
21、air supply is required, with two air filters, two pressure regulators, a gas purifier, agassing manifold (25 port outlet), TFE-fluorocarbon tubing (25 lengths, each 183 m) or equivalent multiport flow control system,and a calibrated flowmeter (see Annex A1 and Figs. 1 and 2).6.3 Acid Solution Delive
22、ry SystemAn acid solution delivery system that includes a multiple syringe pump with a ten positionrack is required. The flow rate range minimum, using a 0.5 L syringe, is 0.0001 L/h. The flow rate maximum, using a 140 mLsyringe, is 220.82 mL/min (see Figs. 3 and 4).6.4 Test Tube AssemblyThe test tu
23、be assembly consists of 24 disposable plastic syringes and other common laboratoryapparatus.5 Special Technical Publication, “Multicylinder Test Sequences for Evaluating Automotive Engine Oils,” Part, Sequence IIID ASTM STP 315H, Available from ASTMHeadquarters.6 The sole source of supply of the app
24、aratus known to the committee at this time is Central Parts Distributor, Test Engineering Inc., 12718 Cimmaron Path, San Antonio,TX 78249.7 If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting o
25、f theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend.FIG. 1 Photograph of Air Delivery SystemD6557 1326.5 Temperature and Shaking Speed Control SystemAmechanical shaker, Bench-Top Environ Shaker Model 4628,7,8 providesan orbital shaking motion in a controlled speed and temperature environment.
26、6.5.1 A special test tube assembly rack7,9 (see Figs. 5 and 6) has 24 tube positions and is attached to the shaker platform (457by 457) mm.6.6 Air Delivery Manifold, required.6.7 Venting SystemCommon laboratory apparatus is employed for the required venting system (see Fig. 7).6.8 Image Analysis Sys
27、temA specific imaging analysis system7,10 is required. This system is composed of:6.8.1 Optics and Illumination:6.8.1.1 Nikon Epiphot 200 inverted metallurgical microscope,6.8.1.2 BZ binocular head,6.8.1.3 RV 3 plate mechanical stage,8 The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committe
28、e at this time is Labine, Inc., 15th and Bloomingdale, Melrose Park, IL 60160.9 The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is West End Machine and Weld, Inc., P.O. Box 9444, Richmond, VA 23228.10 The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at
29、 this time is Meyer Instruments, Inc., 1304 Langham Creek, Suite 235, Houston, TX 77084.FIG. 2 Schematic of Air Delivery SystemFIG. 3 Photograph of Acid Delivery SystemFIG. 4 Schematic of Acid Delivery SystemD6557 1336.8.1.4 CFWN 10 wide field eyepiece, high point eyepiece,6.8.1.5 Manual BD 5 place
30、nosepiece,6.8.1.6 Epiphot 300 EB block,6.8.1.7 DF module,6.8.1.8 CF BD plan 5/0.13 plan achromat objective,6.8.1.9 CF BD plan 10/0.13 plan achromat objective,6.8.1.10 EPI polarizer,6.8.1.11 Analyzer,6.8.1.12 Lamphouse for 12 V/100 W quartz halogen light source,6.8.1.13 Lamphouse adapter,6.8.1.14 12
31、V/100 W halogen bulbs,6.8.1.15 300/200 100 W power supply,6.8.1.16 Remote control cable,6.8.1.17 C-mount coupler for video camera,6.8.1.18 NCB 11 filter,6.8.1.19 Power cords, and6.8.1.20 Ultracentrifuge tube spacer with a 5 mm hole drilled in the center (used as a sample holder and sample randomizer
32、 forsample orientation).FIG. 5 Test Tube Assembly RackFIG. 6 Photograph of Test Tube Assembly RackD6557 1346.8.2 Image Capture Hardware and Software:6.8.2.1 Research grade, high resolution, NTSC RGB/RS-170 camera system,6.8.2.2 Research grade, high resolution, NTSC RGB/RS-170 frame grabber,6.8.2.3 T
33、he host computer system (shall meet or exceed the following specifications):(1) HardwarePentium 133 MHz CPU, 16 MB RAM, 540 MB hard drive, 1.44 MB 90 mm floppy, 1.44 MB 130 mm floppy(optional), CD-ROM (highly recommended option), 101 or Windows 95 keyboard, SVGA local bus video card with 2 MB RAM(4
34、MB recommended), 2 button serial mouse with pad, 2 parallel ports, and 2 serial ports.(2) SoftwareWindows 3.x/DOS 6.22 or Windows 95 Operating System, Microsoft Excel 7.0 (Microsoft Office 97recommended).(3) MonitorMedical grade high-resolution 485 mm NTSC RGB color video monitor, all necessary cabl
35、es, connectors, andadapters (including a surge and spike suppressing power strip).6.8.3 BRT Image Analysis Software:6.8.3.1 BRT macro program, and6.8.3.2 Optimate image analysis engine.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Reagents:7.1.1 Acid Solution (WarningCorrosive. Combustible. Health hazard)Obtain the
36、acid solution from the CPD.NOTE 1For information only. Appendix X1 contains details of the acid solution.7.1.2 Acetone, 99.5 %. (WarningFlammable. Health hazard.)7.1.3 n-Heptane, (38 to 42) % (purity), commercial grade, with C7 isomers. (WarningFlammable. Health hazard.)7.2 Materials:7.2.1 TFE-fluor
37、ocarbon FEP Tubing, inside diameter (I.D.) 0.8 mm, outside diameter (O.D.) 1.6 mm, 17 rolls, each roll 305m. (Not required if the optional NRS flow controller7,11 is used.)7.2.2 Vinyl Tubing, about 4.6 m in length with an (I.D.) 3.2 mm 3.2 mm and an (O.D.) 6.4 mm.7.2.3 Miscellaneous Common Laborator
38、y Equipment, including glassware, tubing fittings, trays, vials, and plastic syringes.8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Specimens:8.1.1 Remove the appropriate number of specimens from vacuum-sealed packages into a 118 mL bottle (clear, medium-roundwith cap). Add sufficient heptane (see 7.1.3), approxim
39、ately 59 mL, to cover specimens.8.1.2 Cap the bottle loosely and place it in an ultrasonic cleaning bath. Sonicate for 30 min, and then decant the heptane.8.1.3 Rinse two more times with heptane and follow with an acetone (see 7.1.2) rinse to ensure the specimens are free ofcontamination. Dry the sp
40、ecimens with nitrogen for (30 to 60) s.NOTE 2The specimens can be prepared up to one week in advance and stored in heptane until needed for testing.11 Brooks Model 8744 NRS Flow Controller has been determined to be acceptable for this application. The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to
41、the committeeat this time is McPac Process Automation and Control, 8040 Bavaria Rd., Twinsburg, OH 44087.FIG. 7 Gassing Manifold for VentingD6557 1358.2 Test Tube Assembly, Tube Rack, and Shaker for Each Test Tube:8.2.1 Cut 24 separate pieces of TFE-fluorocarbon FEP tubing, each piece to be 240 mm l
42、ong.8.2.1.1 Use compressed air (for technical use only), 345 kPa minimum, to remove most of the water/oil emulsion that maycanbe trapped inside the short lengths of capillary tubing. Clean the tubing with heptane (see 7.1.3), followed by acetone (see 7.1.2),and dry with compressed air.8.2.2 Check th
43、e flangeless fitting for the TFE-fluorocarbon tubing (O.D. 1.6 mm) for deterioration, and replace as necessary.8.2.3 Remove and discard the plunger from a new 20 mL disposable plastic syringe (Luer-Lok), and securely fasten the syringebarrel to the short capillary tubing, using couplings, 14-28 thre
44、ad, and female Luer CTFE fittings, 14-28 thread, and with a 1.5 mmbore.8.2.3.1 Label the syringes (test tubes) from 1 to 24.8.2.4 Place the assembled test tube in the tube rack with the capillary tubing facing upward in the adjacent small hole.8.2.4.1 The test tube assembly rack is a specially desig
45、ned aluminum fabrication. It holds 24 test tubes with easy snap-on lock,wing nuts, and hold-down bars (see Fig. 5).8.2.5 Place one precleaned specimen into each test tube, using forceps that are 180 mm long, and have serrated tips to avoidcontamination.8.2.6 Insert 10 mL of test oil into each test t
46、ube, using a disposable syringe with a capacity of 10 mL.8.2.7 Secure the test tubes to the tube holder with three hold-down bars and three wing nuts.8.2.8 Fasten the test tube assembly rack to the shaker platform with four custom-made wing bolts.8.3 Acid Delivery System:8.3.1 Withdraw 6 mL of acid
47、solution by hand from a wide-mouth beaker into an individual disposable plastic syringe(Luer-Lok) with a capacity of 5 mL.8.3.1.1 Attach the syringe to an acid inlet port of one of the 24 three-way switching valves, with 14-28 thread. (The other twoports are used for air inlet and mixed air/acid out
48、let.)8.3.2 Turn the three-way valve to two-way open and eject, by hand, about 0.5 mL of acid solution into a waste beaker, whileensuring that no air bubbles remain in the syringe.8.3.2.1 Place the syringe that now contains about 5.5 mL of acid solution on the holder of the multiple syringes pump.8.3
49、.3 Repeat the above procedure for the other 23 acid delivery syringes.8.3.4 There are three multiple syringe pumps, and eight of the 5 mL syringes are attached to each of the pumps.8.3.4.1 The pumps each have a ten-position rack and are required to satisfy a minimum flow rate range of 0.0001 L/h to 220.82mL/min. Required accuracy is 61 %, and reproducibility is 6 0.1 %.8.3.5 Ensure that the syringe barrel flange and the plunger flange are firmly held by the six retaining clamps, which are 51 mmC-clamps that secure the ends of the hold-dow
